The document provides instructions for completing an assessment involving analysis of a dataset using an independent samples t-test in SPSS. It includes details on the variables in the dataset, assumptions that must be checked, required output and interpretation for each step of the t-test, and formatting guidelines. Students are asked to analyze differences in GPA based on gender using a t-test, reporting results on t, degrees of freedom, p-value, effect size and means.

1. The full instructions, resources, attachments, etc are all
included. This is due in 48 hours.
t-Test
Read
Assessment 3 Context [DOC]
for important information on the following topics:
Logic of the
t
test.
Assumptions of the
t
test.
Hypothesis testing for a
t
test.
Effect size for a
t
test.
Testing assumptions: The Shapiro-Wilk test and Levene's test.
Proper reporting of the independent-samples
t
test.

2. t
, degrees of freedom, and
t
value.
Probability value.
Effect size.
As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to
think about other related issues to deepen your understanding or
broaden your viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the
questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work
associate, an interested friend, or a member of your professional
community. Note that these questions are for your own
development and exploration and do not need to be completed
or submitted as part of your assessment.
Various Forms of the
t
Test
In what research situations should the paired-samples
t
test be used rather than the independent-samples
t
test?
Two Versions of the Independent-Samples
t

3. Test
Why are there are two different versions of the
t
test on the SPSS printout and how do you decide which one is
more appropriate?
Application of
t
Tests
Is there a research question from your professional life or career
specialization that can be addressed by an independent-samples
t
test?
Why would a
t
test be the appropriate analysis for this research question?
What are the variables and their scale of measurement?
What is the expected outcome? (For example, "The group 1
mean score will be significantly greater than the group 2 mean
score because….")
Assessment Instructions
Read Assessment 3 Context (linked in the Resources) to learn
about the concepts used in this assessment.

4. You will use the following resources for this assessment. They
are linked in the Resources.
Complete this assessment using the
DAA Template
.
Read the
SPSS Data Analysis Report Guidelines
for a more complete understanding of the DAA Template and
how to format and organize your assessment.
Refer to
IBM SPSS Step-By-Step Instructions:
t
Tests
for additional information on using SPSS for this assessment.
If necessary, review the
Copy/Export Output Instructions
to refresh your memory on how to perform these tasks. As with
your previous assessments, your submission should be narrative
with supporting statistical output (table and graphs) integrated
into the narrative in the appropriate place (not all at the end of
the document).
You will analyze the following variables in the
grades.sav
data set:
gender.

5. gpa.
Step 1: Write Section 1 of the DAA
Provide a context of the
grades.sav
data set.
Include a definition of the specified variables (predictor,
outcome) and corresponding scales of measurement.
Specify the sample size of the data set.
Step 2: Write Section 2 of the DAA
Analyze the assumptions of the
t
test.
Paste the SPSS histogram output for
gpa
and discuss your visual interpretations.
Paste SPSS descriptives output showing skewness and kurtosis
values for
gpa
and interpret them.
Paste SPSS output for the Shapiro-Wilk test of
gpa
and interpret it.

6. Report the results of the Levene's test and interpret it.
Summarize whether or not the assumptions of the
t
test are met.
Step 3: Write Section 3 of the DAA
Specify a research question related to
gender
and
gpa
.
Articulate the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.
Specify the alpha level.
Step 4: Write Section 4 of the DAA
Paste the SPSS output of the
t
test.
Report the results of the SPSS output using proper APA
guidelines. Include the following:
t
.

7. Degrees of freedom.
t
value.
p
value.
Effect size.
Interpretation of effect size.
Means and standard deviations for each group. Mean difference.
Interpret the results against the null hypothesis.
Step 5: Write Section 5 of the DAA
Discuss the implications of this
t
test as it relates to the research question.
Conclude with an analysis of the strengths and limitations of
t
-test analysis.
APA Resources
Because this is a psychology course, you need to format this

8. assessment according to APA guidelines. Additional resources
about APA can be found in the Research Resources in the
courseroom navigation menu. Use the resources to guide your
work.
American Psychological Association. (2010).
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association
(6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
This resource is available from the
Capella University Bookstore
.
Required Resources
The following resources are required to complete the
assessment.
Data Set Instructions
These are the same instructions presented for other assessments.
Data Set Instructions [DOCX]
.
Assessment Template and Output Instructions
Data Analysis and Application (DAA) Template [DOCX]

9. .
Use this template to complete your assessment.
SPSS Data Analysis Report Guidelines [DOCX]
.
Use this document for instructions on completing the DAA
template.
Copy/Export Output Instructions [DOCX]
.
This document provides instructions for extracting output from
SPSS. You will insert your output into the assessment answer
template as indicated.
Suggested Resources
The resources provided here are optional and support the
assessment. They provide helpful information about the topics.
You may use other resources of your choice to prepare for this
assessment; however, you will need to ensure that they are
appropriate, credible, and valid. The
XX-FP7864 – Quantitative Design and Analysis Library Guide
can help direct your research, and the Supplemental Resources

10. and Research Resources, both linked from the left navigation
menu in your courseroom, provide additional resources to help
support you.
Statistics Concepts and Terminology
Assessment 3 Context [DOC]
.
Read this resource for information about the statistical
terminology and concepts needed to complete this assessment.
SPSS Software and Procedures
IBM SPSS Step-By-Step Instructions:
t
Tests [DOCX]
.
This course file provides instructions for conducting a
t
test using SPSS.
In your
IBM SPSS Statistics Step by Step
library e-book:

11. Chapter 11, "The t-Test Procedure,"
t
Test
StatSoft, Inc. (2013).
Electronic statistics textbook
. Tulsa, OK: StatSoft. Retrieved from
http://www.statsoft.com/textbook
Basic Statistics.
This section contains sections on
t
tests.
Skillsoft. (n.d.).
Introduction to hypothesis testing and tests for means in six
sigma
[Video]
.
View these two videos about tests for means.

12. One-Sample Tests for Means.
Two-Sample Tests for Means.
Program-Specific Resources
These programs have opted to provide program-specific content
designed to help you better understand how the subject matter is
incorporated into your particular field of study.
School of Psychology Learners
Delphin-Rittmon, M. E., Flanagan, E. H., Bellamy, C. D., Diaz,
A., Johnson, K., Molta, V., ... Ortiz, J. (2015).
Learning from those we serve: Piloting a culture competence
intervention co-developed by university faculty and persons in
recovery
.
Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal
,
39
(1), 14–19.
School of Education Learners
Stone, E. (2010).
t

13. test, independent samples
. In N. J. Salkind (Ed.),
Encyclopedia of research design
(pp. 1552–1556). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Additional Resources for Further Exploration
Khan Academy
. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org
This website offers resources covering a range of subjects,
including statistics.