Give the electron con?gurations for Ga, Ga+, Ga2+, and Ga3+. How would you expect the fourth ionization energy for Ga to compare to the third? Explain. Solution The electron configuration of the atom or ion is given according to the number of electrons present in its shell. So here , the electron configurations will be : Ga : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p1 Ga + : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 Ga 2+ : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 Ga 3+ : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 Ionization energy is the amount of energy that is required to remove the electron from the outermost shell of the atom or ion. The fourth ionization energy of Ga will be way more than the third ionization energy because the gallium is stable at Ga 3+ state , where it has completely filled 3d orbital. So a lot of energy will be required to remove electron from its stable orbit. .

1. Give the electron con?gurations for Ga, Ga+, Ga2+, and Ga3+. How would you expect the fourth
ionization energy for Ga to compare to the third? Explain.
Solution
The electron configuration of the atom or ion is given according to the number of electrons
present in its shell.
So here , the electron configurations will be :
Ga : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p1
Ga +
: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2
Ga 2+
: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1
Ga 3+
: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10
Ionization energy is the amount of energy that is required to remove the electron from the
outermost shell of the atom or ion.
The fourth ionization energy of Ga will be way more than the third ionization energy because the
gallium is stable at Ga 3+
state , where it has completely filled 3d orbital. So a lot of energy will
be required to remove electron from its stable orbit.