Some Approaches

1. APPROACHES IN TEACHING ENGLISH
Lecturer:
Dian Fadhilawati, M. Pd
By:
Ruth Febry Maharani
NIM : 16108810020

2. What is approach?
An Approach
🔷is a way of looking at teaching and learning.
Underlying any language teaching approach is a
theoretical view of what language is, and of how it
can be learnt.
🔷gives rise to methods, the way of teaching
something, which use classroom activities or
techniques to help learners learn.

3. 1.Grammar-translation Approach
The approach has strong structural
underpinnings and the emphasis is on
the correct use of grammar,
regardless of the substance or
context.

4. Grammar-translation Approach A teacher stands in front of the
class, telling her students to turn
their textbooks to chapter four,
“Verbs and Tenses.” She writes
on the board the different ways
of forming the past tense of
verbs.

5. 2. Direct Method
This method focuses on directly
thinking, doing discussion and
conversation in second language
(Richards and Rodgers, 2001).

6. Direct Method
Example :
Emphasis on:
– oral interaction,
spontaneous use of
language, no translation,
little if any analysis of
grammatical rules and
structures.

7. 3. Reading Approach
👉It is one of way that will
help students to solve their
problem in reading. In reading
approach, students will
improve their knowledge and
get something new because
they are demanded to read
more.
👉Reading becomes important
because it is an active skill
which involves inferencing,
guessing, predicting etc. It
also has, more often than not,
a communicative function. By
reading students will know
about the tenses, kinds of
tenses and how to use it.

8. Advantages of Reading Approach
students can know much vocabulary because they have to read the passage
Reading approach can be used in a big class
The reading method is economical of time since the pupils all read
simultaneously

9. For example, the students read
a short text and put events
from it into chronological
order.
Reading Approach

10. 4. Audiolingual Approach
This method is based on the principles of
behavior psychology. It adapted many of
the principles and procedures of the Direct
Method, in part as a reaction to the lack of
speaking skills of the Reading Approach.

11. Example:
The teacher repeats a dialogue
sentence, such as "I ate an
apple." She then supplies a
prompt by saying "banana" or
showing a picture of a banana.
Students should respond, "I ate
a banana."
Repeat after me
Audiolingual Approach

12. 5. Communicative Approach
Communication is essentially the rationale
for language and the Communicative
Approach seeks to develop those skills that
enable students to meaningfully engage with
each other.

13. Example:
you can let students introduce
themselves, share their hobbies
using the target language.
Instead of just presenting the
language, you’re giving them a
task that can only be
accomplished by using the target
language.
Communicative Approach

14. 6. The Silent Way
This method is based on the view
that the teachers should be silent in
the classroom as much as possible but
the teacher must encourage the
students to speak and use the
language.

15. Example:
The teacher shows the learners
a small red Cuisenaire rod and a
bigger blue one and says ‘The
blue one is bigger than the red
one'. The learners repeat this.
The teacher then substitutes
the rods to produce other
models, and finally encourages
the learners to produce their
own comparisons.
The Silent Way

16. 7. Community Language Learning
It’s called Community Language Learning
because the class learns together as one unit.
Not listening to the same lecture, but
interacting in the target language.

17. In this approach, the students
work as a community—learning
together and negotiating the
lessons. Your role as a teacher is
to encourage them to open up,
participate in the discussion and
contribute to the whole process.
Community Language Learning

18. 8. Structural Approach
A structure is a pattern and a particular
arrangement of words which to indicate
grammatical meanings. It may be a word, a
phrase or a sentence (Gauridushi, 2011).

19. 9. Natural Approach
The Natural Approach takes its cues from how
first language is naturally learned by children.
Characteristic
The approach focuses on input, comprehension,
and meaningful communication and puts less
emphasis on grammar, teacher monologues,
direct repletion and accuracy.

20. Example activities:
like command-based activities,
situation-based activities, and
group-work activities focus on,
“providing comprehensible input
and a classroom environment
that cues comprehension of
input, minimizes learner anxiety,
and maximizes learner self-
confidence.”
Natural Approach

21. 10. Total Physical Response
The teacher gives the students instructions and the
students follow the instructions by using whole body
responses.
James J. Asher, a professor, of psychology at San
Jose State University developed the method Total
Physical Response in late 1960s to help in learning
second languages (Richards and Rodgers, 2001).

22. This time when you give a
command, students should only
do it if you say "Simon says..." at
the start. I might say, "Simon
says, 'slice some bread'" or
"Simon says, 'chop an onion'" and
the students must do the action.
However if I say, "Whisk an egg"
the students shouldn't do this.
You can extend this by playing
Simon Says.

23. 11. Task-based Language Learning
Task-based language learning (TBLL) is a
method of instruction which focuses on
the use of authentic language, and
students doing meaningful tasks using the
target language.

24. Example:
visiting the doctor, conducting an
interview, or calling customer
services for help.
Task-based Language Learning

25. 12. Suggestopedia
One of the innovative methods dating back to the
1970’s (Georgi Lozanov). Lozanov suggests that the
human brain could process great quantities of
material if simply given the right conditions for
learning, among which are a state of relaxation and
giving over the control of the teacher

26. • Positive Suggestion 👉 Teacher appeal to
student consciousness andsubconscious in
order to better orchestrate the “Suggestive”
factor involved in thelearning situation.
• Visualization 👉 Students are asked to close
their eyes and visualize scenesand events, to
help them relax, facilitate positive suggestion
and encouragecreativity from the students.
• Role play 👉 Students pretend temporally that
they are some one elseperform a role using
the target language,
Suggestopedia

27. Functional Approach
Audio- Visual Aids.
Teacher Centered Learning
vs
Student Centered Learning

28. Teacher-Centered Learning Student-Centered
Focus is on instructor Focus is on both students and
instructor
Focus is on language forms and
structures (what the instructor knows
about the language)
Focus is on language use in typical
situations (how students will use the
language)
Instructor talks; students listen Instructor models; students interact
with instructor and one another
Students work alone Students work in pairs, in groups, or
alone depending on the purpose of the
activity

29. Teacher-Centered Learning Student-Centered
Instructor monitors and corrects
every student utterance
Students talk without constant
instructor monitoring; instructor
provides feedback/correction when
questions arise
Instructor evaluates student learning Students evaluate their own learning;
instructor also evaluates
Instructor chooses topics Students have some choice of topics
Classroom is quiet Classroom is often noisy and busy

30. Knowledgeworks. 2017. Teacher-Centered Versus Learner-Centered Learning.
https://knowledgeworks.org/resources/learner-centered-learning/
Diakses pada 25 April 2019.
Moramodules. 2019. Second and Foreign Language Teaching Methods.
http://moramodules.com/ALMMethods.htm#The%20Reading%20Approach
Diakses pada 25 April 2019.
Fluentu. 2019. 10 Flexible Language Teaching Approaches That Are Totally Approachable
https://www.fluentu.com/blog/educator/language-teaching-approaches/
Diakses pada 25 April 2019.
Google. 2012. Natural Approach.
https://www.google.com/amp/s/ekayantipt.wordpress.com/2012/06/07/natural-approach/amp/
Diakses pada 25 April 2019.
Ukessays. 2016. Methods and Approaches of English Language Teaching English Language Essay.
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-language/methods-and-approaches-of-english-language-
teaching-english-language-essay.php
Diakses pada 25 April 2019.