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A Semantic Approach for Evaluating Offers in
                   eTendering

                               Supervised by
                            Ammar Kheirbek, Ph.D.


Alaa Ayash   Amer Kawarit      Bahaa Alhinnawi      Eyad Haddad   Saeed Eldah
Plan


       Introduction

          eTendering Systems

           SETS Model

           Conclusion & Perspectives

       Demo


 2
Plan


       Introduction

          eTendering Systems

           SETS Model

           Conclusion & Perspectives

       Demo


 3
Introduction
                            Traditional Tendering




      Economic Activities                           Public Organizations




Project Implementation                                   Needs Insurance




  4
Introduction
                  Problems




     Evaluating


                  Wasting Time




                                 Place Restriction


 5
Plan


       Introduction

          eTendering Systems

           SETS Model

           Conclusion & Perspectives

       Demo


 6
eTendering Systems
             Definition




7
eTendering Systems
               Partially Automated Tender




              eTendering
               Website

Tenderers
                                    Tenderees




 8          Winner(s)
eTendering Systems
                Fully Automated Tender

Tenderers




            Winner(s)
 9
eTendering Systems
         eTendering Evaluation

                AHP




10
eTendering Systems
         eTendering Evaluation




                AHP
            Algorithm
            Relative Weights
             TechnicalCriteria
               Define Offers
                                 Ranked Offers




11
eTendering Systems
                   Problems

                 Misunderstanding


                   SBVR
Semantics of Business Vocabulary & Business Rules




12
Introduction Systems
 eTendering
                        SBVR




 Business Community Misunderstanding




                                       IT Community
 13
Introduction Systems
 eTendering
                   SBVR Component

      Terms   product, customer




      Fact               Logical
              product is bought by a customer
      Type             Formulation




              it is obligatory that a product is given to
      Rules
              customer after payment is completed
 14
eTendering Systems
                         Problems
                                         Technical Offer
                           Evaluation
                           Winner!!
                                          Model: Chana
      Technical                           Power: 5000H
     specification                        Price: 50000$


 Model: European
 Power: 5000H
 Max price: 100000$   Semantic web
                                         Technical Offer



                                          Model: Volvo
                          Non-semantic    Power: 5000H
                           Evaluation     Price: 90000$

15
eTendering Systems
                             Semantic Web Overview
Understand the content of web pages                                  I
                                                    Now          Understand
                                                         But I
                                                I Understand
                                                       DON’T




                                               WEB PAGE
    <body>
      Jack                                 Jack bought a NEW
     <font color=“Magenta">bought</font>
         <RDF>
      a NEW                                    Computer
          <Subject> Jack </Subject>
     <i>Computer</i>
          <Predicate> Buy </Predicate>
    </body>
          <Object> Computer </Object>
         </RDF>




   16         Ontology
eTendering Systems
                   Semantic Web Layers


                               Rules


                       Data

            Data
     Desc
      &
     Docs




17
eTendering Systems
                         RDF
              Resource Description Framework



                       Sentence
                        [sells]
     [Jane]                                    [books]
 Subject                predicate              object

     Jane                 sells                books
                       [statement]
18
eTendering Systems
                   Semantic Web Layers


                              Rules


                       Data

            Data
     Desc
      &
     Docs




19
eTendering Systems
                 Ontology

                   C1




            C2              C5




       C3          C4            C6




20
eTendering Systems

              Problem


         We Need Inferencing!
     Information Retrieval


21
eTendering Systems
      Information Retrieval Models

               Logical Model


               Boolean Model
                 D Q
                      𝑠

             Probabilistic Model


              Vectorial Model

22
Plan


       Introduction

          eTendering Systems

           SETS Model

           Conclusion & Perspectives

       Demo


 23
Introduction
  SETS



                 SETS

        Semantic eTendering System




 24
Introduction
  SETS

                      Semantic
  eTendering
                        Web




               SETS

      SBVR            Information
                       Retrieval


 25
Introduction
  SETS
                                     SETS Architecture
      Tenderers          Tenderee


                                                                      Evaluation


              RDF
               XML
       Authoring Tools
                                                    Non Semantic
                                                      Ranking



                                    Exclusion
                                                         Filtration


             Corpus

                                                   Semantic Ranking
 26
SETS
Introduction
                           SETS Operational Model
 Document Model                                     Dynamic Document
                                                        Item
      Static Document                                 Structured

            Item

      Name = CPU

      Freq = 3.0 Ghz
                                                          Non-
                                                       Structured
      Quantity = 5

      Description:
      CPU has multi core




 27
SETS
                            SETS Operational Model
SBVR to RDF

                                                     RDF
           SBVR


                                     𝑂𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎

             T: pilot
            T: plane
       F: pilot fly plane




  28
SETS
                        SETS Operational Model

Ranking

       Document                                       Query

                                Ontology
                                                       Pre
          Pre                                    ?r           Prob
Sub               Obj

                                Distance
                                                       Pre
          Pre                                    ?r           Prob
Sub               Obj



          Pre                                          Pre
Sub               Obj                            ?r           Prob




  29
Introduction
  SETS
          SETS Mathematical Model
          SETS =< 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠, 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑠 >
          𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 =< 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡, 𝐼, 𝑂 >
          𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑠 =< 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡, 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑒 >




 30
SETS
                  SETS Mathematical Model

             𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 =< 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡, 𝐼, 𝑂 >




     Sign in as
     Evaluate
     Tenderee
       tender




31
SETS
                 SETS Mathematical Model
                 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑠 =< 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡, 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑒 >
                𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 =< 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑁𝑎𝑚𝑒, 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑 >

                𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑒 =< 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑒, 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑟 >




     Role: Tenderee

32
SETS
                  SETS Mathematical Model

Document Model

 𝑇𝑂 = 𝑖 | 𝑖 ∈ 𝐼

 𝑖 = < 𝑆 , 𝑈𝑆 >

 𝑆 = < 𝑎𝑡𝑡, 𝑣𝑎𝑙, 𝑐𝑜𝑑 >

 𝑈𝑆 = < 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑐 >



  33
SETS
                 SETS Mathematical Model
SBVR to RDF
    𝑆𝐵𝑉𝑅 = 𝑣𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑦, 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡, 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒
    𝑣𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑦 = 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚, 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏
    𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 𝑐 𝑐 ∈ 𝑂}
    𝑶𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒂: 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕 → 𝑹𝑫𝑭




   34
SETS
                    SETS Mathematical Model
Ranking


                                          0 𝑖𝑓 𝑐1 = 𝑐2
      𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒(𝐶1 , 𝐶2 ) =
                           α + log 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑥 + 𝑚𝑖𝑛{𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑐1 , 𝑐2 )}




 35
Plan


       Introduction

          eTendering Systems

           SETS Model

           Conclusion & Perspectives

       Demo


 36
Conclusion


             SETS

             Semantic evaluation

             NonSemantic evaluation

               SBVR to RDF




 37
Perspective



          Semantic Environment For Smart Agent


              Support Multi-Language Tendering


                Information System For Tendering


                 Another Business Domain




 38
Plan


       Introduction

          eTendering Systems

           SETS Model

           Conclusion & Perspectives

       Demo


 39
Thank you
40

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SETS

  • 1. A Semantic Approach for Evaluating Offers in eTendering Supervised by Ammar Kheirbek, Ph.D. Alaa Ayash Amer Kawarit Bahaa Alhinnawi Eyad Haddad Saeed Eldah
  • 2. Plan Introduction eTendering Systems SETS Model Conclusion & Perspectives Demo 2
  • 3. Plan Introduction eTendering Systems SETS Model Conclusion & Perspectives Demo 3
  • 4. Introduction Traditional Tendering Economic Activities Public Organizations Project Implementation Needs Insurance 4
  • 5. Introduction Problems Evaluating Wasting Time Place Restriction 5
  • 6. Plan Introduction eTendering Systems SETS Model Conclusion & Perspectives Demo 6
  • 7. eTendering Systems Definition 7
  • 8. eTendering Systems Partially Automated Tender eTendering Website Tenderers Tenderees 8 Winner(s)
  • 9. eTendering Systems Fully Automated Tender Tenderers Winner(s) 9
  • 10. eTendering Systems eTendering Evaluation AHP 10
  • 11. eTendering Systems eTendering Evaluation AHP Algorithm Relative Weights TechnicalCriteria Define Offers Ranked Offers 11
  • 12. eTendering Systems Problems Misunderstanding SBVR Semantics of Business Vocabulary & Business Rules 12
  • 13. Introduction Systems eTendering SBVR Business Community Misunderstanding IT Community 13
  • 14. Introduction Systems eTendering SBVR Component Terms product, customer Fact Logical product is bought by a customer Type Formulation it is obligatory that a product is given to Rules customer after payment is completed 14
  • 15. eTendering Systems Problems Technical Offer Evaluation Winner!! Model: Chana Technical Power: 5000H specification Price: 50000$ Model: European Power: 5000H Max price: 100000$ Semantic web Technical Offer Model: Volvo Non-semantic Power: 5000H Evaluation Price: 90000$ 15
  • 16. eTendering Systems Semantic Web Overview Understand the content of web pages I Now Understand But I I Understand DON’T WEB PAGE <body> Jack Jack bought a NEW <font color=“Magenta">bought</font> <RDF> a NEW Computer <Subject> Jack </Subject> <i>Computer</i> <Predicate> Buy </Predicate> </body> <Object> Computer </Object> </RDF> 16 Ontology
  • 17. eTendering Systems Semantic Web Layers Rules Data Data Desc & Docs 17
  • 18. eTendering Systems RDF Resource Description Framework Sentence [sells] [Jane] [books] Subject predicate object Jane sells books [statement] 18
  • 19. eTendering Systems Semantic Web Layers Rules Data Data Desc & Docs 19
  • 20. eTendering Systems Ontology C1 C2 C5 C3 C4 C6 20
  • 21. eTendering Systems Problem We Need Inferencing! Information Retrieval 21
  • 22. eTendering Systems Information Retrieval Models Logical Model Boolean Model D Q 𝑠 Probabilistic Model Vectorial Model 22
  • 23. Plan Introduction eTendering Systems SETS Model Conclusion & Perspectives Demo 23
  • 24. Introduction SETS SETS Semantic eTendering System 24
  • 25. Introduction SETS Semantic eTendering Web SETS SBVR Information Retrieval 25
  • 26. Introduction SETS SETS Architecture Tenderers Tenderee Evaluation RDF XML Authoring Tools Non Semantic Ranking Exclusion Filtration Corpus Semantic Ranking 26
  • 27. SETS Introduction SETS Operational Model Document Model Dynamic Document Item Static Document Structured Item Name = CPU Freq = 3.0 Ghz Non- Structured Quantity = 5 Description: CPU has multi core 27
  • 28. SETS SETS Operational Model SBVR to RDF RDF SBVR 𝑂𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎 T: pilot T: plane F: pilot fly plane 28
  • 29. SETS SETS Operational Model Ranking Document Query Ontology Pre Pre ?r Prob Sub Obj Distance Pre Pre ?r Prob Sub Obj Pre Pre Sub Obj ?r Prob 29
  • 30. Introduction SETS SETS Mathematical Model SETS =< 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠, 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑠 > 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 =< 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡, 𝐼, 𝑂 > 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑠 =< 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡, 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑒 > 30
  • 31. SETS SETS Mathematical Model 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 =< 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡, 𝐼, 𝑂 > Sign in as Evaluate Tenderee tender 31
  • 32. SETS SETS Mathematical Model 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑠 =< 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡, 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑒 > 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 =< 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑁𝑎𝑚𝑒, 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑 > 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑒 =< 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑒, 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑟 > Role: Tenderee 32
  • 33. SETS SETS Mathematical Model Document Model 𝑇𝑂 = 𝑖 | 𝑖 ∈ 𝐼 𝑖 = < 𝑆 , 𝑈𝑆 > 𝑆 = < 𝑎𝑡𝑡, 𝑣𝑎𝑙, 𝑐𝑜𝑑 > 𝑈𝑆 = < 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑐 > 33
  • 34. SETS SETS Mathematical Model SBVR to RDF 𝑆𝐵𝑉𝑅 = 𝑣𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑦, 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡, 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑦 = 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚, 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 𝑐 𝑐 ∈ 𝑂} 𝑶𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒂: 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕 → 𝑹𝑫𝑭 34
  • 35. SETS SETS Mathematical Model Ranking 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑐1 = 𝑐2 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒(𝐶1 , 𝐶2 ) = α + log 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑥 + 𝑚𝑖𝑛{𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑐1 , 𝑐2 )} 35
  • 36. Plan Introduction eTendering Systems SETS Model Conclusion & Perspectives Demo 36
  • 37. Conclusion SETS Semantic evaluation NonSemantic evaluation SBVR to RDF 37
  • 38. Perspective Semantic Environment For Smart Agent Support Multi-Language Tendering Information System For Tendering Another Business Domain 38
  • 39. Plan Introduction eTendering Systems SETS Model Conclusion & Perspectives Demo 39