wind energy as power!

1. POWER OBTAINED BY HARNESSING THE ENERGY OF THE WIND
WIND POWER

2. •WIND IS A FORM OF SOLAR ENERGY.
• WINDS ARE CAUSED BY THE UNEVEN HEATING OF THE
ATMOSPHERE BY THE SUN, THE IRREGULARITIES OF THE
EARTH'S SURFACE, AND ROTATION OF THE EARTH.
WIND ENERGY?!
•THIS WIND FLOW, OR MOTION ENERGY, WHEN "HARVESTED" BY MODERN WIND TURBINES, CAN
BE USED TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY I.E WIND POWER.
•WIND FLOW PATTERNS ARE MODIFIED BY :
EARTH'S TERRAINBODIES OF WATERVEGETATIVE COVER

3. HOW WIND POWER IS GENERATED:
•THE WIND'S KINETIC ENERGY CAN BE HARNESSED BY A WIND TURBINE, A DEVICE THAT
LOOKS LIKE AN EXTREMELY TALL, SKINNY FAN.
•WINDMILLS ARE USED FOR THEIR MECHANICAL POWER, WIND PUMPS FOR WATER
PUMPING, AND SAILS TO PROPEL SHIPS.
•WIND POWER AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO FOSSIL FUELS IS PLENTIFUL, RENEWABLE,
WIDELY DISTRIBUTED, CLEAN, PRODUCES NO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS DURING
OPERATION, AND USES LITTLE LAND.

4. •IN THE CASE OF WIND, IF CONVENTIONAL ON SHORE WIND TURBINES WITH 80-M TOWERS
WERE INSTALLED ON 13% OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE, THE ESTIMATED WIND POWER THAT
COULD BE COMMERCIALLY VIABLE IS 72 TERAWATT (TW).
•THAT AMOUNTS TO ALMOST FIVE TIMES THE GLOBAL POWER CONSUMPTION IN ALL FORMS,
WHICH CURRENTLY AVERAGES ABOUT 15 TW.
WHY WIND POWER:
MAIN PROBLEMS
1. COST
2. AVAILABILITY

5. WIND TURBINES
COMPONENTS OF WIND TURBINE
• WIND TURBINES CONSIST OF A FOUNDATION, A TOWER, A NACELLE AND A ROTOR.

6. WIND TURBINES
•WIND TURBINES START OPERATING AT WIND SPEEDS OF 4 TO 5 METRES
PER SECOND AND REACH MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT AT AROUND 15
METRES/SECOND..
•A MODERN WIND TURBINE PRODUCES ELECTRICITY 70-85% OF THE
TIME, BUT IT GENERATES DIFFERENT OUTPUTS DEPENDING ON THE
WIND SPEED.
•OVER THE COURSE OF A YEAR, IT WILL TYPICALLY GENERATE
ABOUT 24% OF THE THEORETICAL MAXIMUM OUTPUT (41%
OFFSHORE). THIS IS KNOWN AS ITS CAPACITY FACTOR.
•THE CAPACITY FACTOR OF CONVENTIONAL POWER STATIONS
IS ON AVERAGE 50%-80%. BECAUSE OF STOPPAGES FOR
MAINTENANCE OR BREAKDOWNS, NO POWER PLANT
GENERATES POWER FOR 100% OF THE TIME.

7. •AT 100 FEET (30 METERS) OR MORE ABOVE GROUND, THEY CAN
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF FASTER AND LESS TURBULENT WIND.
LOCATION
•AVOID ROOF MOUNTED TURBINES AS THERE IS
NO GUARANTEE THAT THESE DEVICES WILL NOT
DAMAGE YOUR PROPERTY THROUGH
VIBRATION.
•THE DISTANCE BETWEEN YOUR TURBINE AND
YOUR POWER REQUIREMENT, THE MORE POWER
YOU WILL LOSE IN THE CABLE. THE DISTANCE
OF THE CABLING WILL ALSO IMPACT THE
OVERALL COST OF THE INSTALLATION.
•TURBINES WORK AT THE BEST WHEN ON HIGH, EXPOSED
SITES. COASTAL SITES ARE ESPECIALLY GOOD.
•TOWN CENTRES AND HIGHLY POPULATED RESIDENTIAL
AREAS ARE USUALLY NOT SUITABLE SITES FOR WIND
TURBINES.

8. SIZE OF THE WIND TURBINE:
•THE AVERAGE SIZE OF ON SHORE TURBINES BEING
MANUFACTURED TODAY IS AROUND 2.5-3 MW, WITH
BLADES OF ABOUT 50 METRES LENGTH.
• IT CAN POWER MORE THAN 1,500 AVERAGE
HOUSEHOLDS.
•AN AVERAGE OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE OF 3.6 MW
CAN POWER MORE THAN 3,312 AVERAGE
HOUSEHOLDS.
•EARLIER WIND TURBINES WERE UNDER 1 MW
WITH ROTOR DIAMETERS OF AROUND 15
METRES.
•IN 2012, THE AVERAGE SIZE IS 2.5 MW WITH
ROTOR DIAMETERS OF 100 METRES.
7.5 MW TURBINES ARE THE LARGEST TODAY
WITH BLADES ABOUT 60 METRES LONG.

9. •THE TOWERS ARE MOSTLY TUBULAR AND MADE OF STEEL OR CONCRETE, GENERALLY
PAINTED LIGHT GREY.
•THE BLADES ARE MADE OF FIBREGLASS, REINFORCED POLYESTER OR WOOD-EPOXY
•. THEY ARE LIGHT GREY BECAUSE IT IS INCONSPICUOUS UNDER MOST LIGHTING
CONDITIONS.
•THE FINISH IS MATT, TO REDUCE REFLECTED LIGHT.
MATERIAL :
•WIND TURBINES CAN CARRY ON GENERATING ELECTRICITY FOR 20-25 YEARS.
•OVER THEIR LIFETIME THEY WILL BE RUNNING CONTINUOUSLY FOR AS MUCH AS 120,000
HOURS.
DURABILITY :

10. SIZE RANGES
RESIDENTIAL: BELOW 30 KW
CHOOSE A SIZE BASED ON ELECTRICAL LOAD
DIAMETER: 1 - 13 M (4 - 43 FT)
HEIGHT: 18 - 37 M (60 - 120 FT)
EXAMPLE: 20,000 KWH/YEAR
MEDIUM: 30 - 500 KW
MAY BE SIZED TO A LOAD. TYPICALLY USED WHEN THERE IS A
LARGE ELECTRICAL LOAD.
DIAMETER: 13 - 30 M (43 - 100 FT)
HEIGHT: 35 - 50 M (115 - 164 FT)
EXAMPLE: 600,000 KWH/YEAR
COMMERCIAL SCALE: 500 KW - 2 MW
USUALLY FED INTO THE GRID, NOT SIZED TO A SINGLE LOAD
DIAMETER: 47 - 90 M (155 - 300 FT)
HEIGHT: 50 - 80 M (164 - 262 FT)
EXAMPLE: 4,000,000 KWH/YEAR

11. • IDEALLY, THE AREA SHOULD BE AS WIDE AND OPEN AS POSSIBLE IN THE PREVAILING WIND DIRECTION,
WITH FEW OBSTACLES.
•ITS VISUAL INFLUENCE NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED – FEW, LARGER TURBINES ARE USUALLY BETTER
THAN MANY SMALLER ONES.
•THE TURBINES NEED TO BE EASILYACCESSIBLE FOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR WORK WHEN NEEDED.
NOISE LEVELS CAN BE CALCULATED SO THE FARM IS COMPATIBLE WITH THE LEVELS OF SOUND
STIPULATED IN NATIONAL LEGISLATION.
WIND FARMS

12. •THE TURBINE SUPPLIER DEFINES THE MINIMUM TURBINE SPACING, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE
EFFECT ONE TURBINE CAN HAVE ON OTHERS NEARBY – THE 'WAKE EFFECT'.
•THE RISK OF EXTREME EVENTS SUCH AS EARTHQUAKES, HOW EASY IT IS TO TRANSPORT THE
TURBINES TO THE SITE AND THE LOCAL AVAILABILITY OF CRANES.
“IN A WIND FARM THE TURBINES THEMSELVES TAKE UP LESS THAN 1% OF THE LAND
AREA. EXISTING ACTIVITIES LIKE FARMING AND TOURISM CAN TAKE PLACE AROUND
THEM AND ANIMALS LIKE COWS AND SHEEPARE NOT DISTURBED.”

13. •WIND IN INDIAARE INFLUENCED BY THE STRONG SOUTH-WEST
SUMMER MONSOON, WHICH STARTS IN MAY-JUNE, WHEN COOL,
HUMID AIR MOVES TOWARDS
•DURING THE PERIOD MARCH TO AUGUST, THE WINDS ARE
UNIFORMLY STRONG OVER THE WHOLE INDIAN PENINSULA, EXCEPT
THE EASTERN PENINSULAR COAST.
WIND POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA :
•WIND SPEEDS DURING THE PERIOD NOVEMBER TO MARCH ARE
RELATIVELY WEAK, THOUGH HIGHER WINDS ARE AVAILABLE
DURING A PART OF THE PERIOD ON THE TAMIL NADU COASTLINE.
•THE LAND AND THE WEAKER NORTH-EAST WINTER MONSOON,
WHICH STARTS IN OCTOBER, WHEN COOL, DRY SIR MOVES
TOWARDS THE OCEAN.

14. •THE WIND POWER GENERATION CAPACITY IN INDIA IS 49,130 MW AS PER THE OFFICIAL
ESTIMATES IN THE INDIAN WIND ATLAS (2010) .
•THE POTENTIAL IS CALCULATED WITH RESPECT TO 2 PER CENT LAND AVAILABILITYAT WINDY
LOCATIONS AND PERTAINS TO A 50 METER HUB HEIGHT LEVEL OF THE WIND TURBINES.
•PRESENTLY LARGE WIND TURBINES WITH HIGHER HUB HEIGHT IN THE RANGE OF 80-100 METER
WITH LARGE ROTOR DIAMETERS UP TO 120 M ARE AVAILABLE IN THE INDIAN MARKET.
•CONCEDING TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT AND HIGHER WIND SPEEDS AT HIGHER HUB
HEIGHTS, THE POTENTIAL OF 49,130 MW AT 50 METER LEVEL IF EXTRAPOLATED AT 80 METER
STANDARD HUB HEIGHT, THE PROJECTED WIND POTENTIAL USING THE SAME LAND AVAILABILITY
WILL BE IN THE ORDER OF 1,02,788 MW

15. . The power available from wind is
proportional to cube of the wind's speed

16. •The limitations of global resources of fossil and nuclear fuel, has necessitated an urgent search
for alternative sources of energy.
•Smart grid is a system that would enable the integration of renewable energy sources and shift
from reliance on fossil fuels, while maintaining the balance between supply and demand
•Smart grid is a system consists of three layers: the physical power layer, the control layer and the
application layer.
•smart grid has to be dynamic and have constant two-way communication
SMART GRIDS

18. The SmartGrids technology platform summarizes the benefits of smart grids as follows.
• Better facilitate the connection and operation of generators of all sizes and
technologies.
• Allow consumers to play a part in optimizing the operation of the system
• Provide greater information and options for choice of supply;
• Significantly reduce the environmental impact of the whole electricity supply
system;
• Maintain or even improve the existing high levels of system reliability, quality and
security of supply; Maintain and improve the existing services efficiently; Foster
market integration

19. MUNICIPAL CONSULTATIONS
Experienced wind energy developers take the time to talk with the people in the community
that may be impacted directly and indirectly, and engage them early in the planning process
and keeping an open dialogue throughout the development and operational phases.
WIND ASSESSMENT.
Scientists and engineers use meteorological masts to measure wind speed and other climatic
conditions. This data is then used to estimate how much energy a potential wind farm could
produce.
WIND FARM DESIGN
Wind data is combined with topographical information to design the wind farm. Engineers
model wind flow, turbine performance, sound levels and other parameters to optimize the
location of wind turbines.
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY
Environmental assessments identify and to mitigate potential impacts on community
residents, landscape, plants and wildlife, soil and water, land use or other activities such as
aviation and telecommunications
Planning Implications

20. .
PERMITTING AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION
As with any other major power project, developers seek municipal, provincial and federal
permits before the project can go ahead. They also meet with local community residents and
elected officials to present the project, receive feedback and build community support.
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
.They work to estimate the cost of turbines and their installation, as well as the costs of
access roads, electrical systems, operations and maintenance..
MANUFACTURING
Wind turbine component parts are manufactured and pre-assembled at the factory, then
shipped to the wind farm site where the final assembly takes place.
SITE PREPARATION AND CONSTRUCTION
Work crews prepare turbine sites by building access roads, preparing turbine foundations
and reassembling turbine components. A crane is used to erect turbine towers and install the
nacelles and rotors with their hubs and blades
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Activities that are performed on a regular basis throughout the project’s life include
monitoring and analyzing performance, conducting environmental surveys and performing
preventive maintenance and repairs on the turbines and other components of the facility