5. Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is generally defined as
energy that comes from resources which
are naturally replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain,
tides, waves and geothermal heat.
6. History
Nearly all the sources of energy were
renewable till mid of 19th century
The oldest renewable source of energy
was biomass to fuel fire
Second one harnessing the wind to
drive the ship over water
7. History
In the mid of 19th century
development of coal shifted the
sources of energy
By 1873, concerns of running out
of coal prompted experiments
with using solar energy
13. Wind energy
• Moving air = wind
• Energy that got from a
wind is called wind
energy
• Wind turbines are
used for getting
energy
14. Wind Turbines
• Turbine blades spin from
the wind and make
energy
• Wind rotates the turbine
blades which spins a
shaft connected to a
generator
• The spinning of the shaft
in the generator makes
electricity
15. Wind energy
Each wind turbine can produce between 0.25 to 2 MW of electrical
power.
Wind farm needs to be located where there is a relatively high
average wind speed.
It requires 15km/hr speed of wind
16. Wind Turbine Power
P = 1/2 x rho x A x Cp x V3 x Ng x Nb
P = power in watts (746 watts = 1 hp)
rho = air density (about 1.225 kg/m3 at sea level.
A = rotor swept area, exposed to the wind (m2)
Cp = Coefficient of performance
V = wind speed in meters/sec
Ng = generator efficiency
Nb = gearbox/bearings efficiency.
18. Determining Factors
WIND SPEED
TURBINE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
RATED CAPACITY OF THE TURBINE
EXACT LOCATION
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURBINE DESIGN
19. Potential of wind energy in
Pakistan
The wind map developed by National Renewable Energy
Laboratory has indicated a potential of 346,000 MW in Pakistan.
In Sindh and Balochistan there is a potential of more than
50,000MW
Total Area of Sindh suitable for wind farms = 9749 km2
Average Capacity Factor of this area in Sindh = 25%
20. Punjab has potential of 1000MW
First wind power generation plant
of 50 MW was inaugurated in
December 2012 and started full
production in 2013.
21. • Environmental benefits
•No fuel needed
•it is a pollution-free,
•it doesn’t produce toxic or radioactive waste
•Distributed power
• Remote locations
23. What is geothermal energy
Geothermal energy is thermal
energy generated and stored in
the Earth
Thermal energy is the energy
that determines
the temperature of matter.
25. Geo thermal energy
The heat that used for geo thermal energy can be
derived from deep within earth
Heat conducts from core to sorrounding rock
High temp and pressure cause rock to melt which
is called “Magma”
Magma converts upwards
32. Solar Energy
Solar energy is,
simply, energy provided by the
sun. This energy is in the form of
solar radiation, which makes the
production of solar electricity
possible. Electricity can be
produced directly from
photovoltaic, PV, cells.
(Photovoltaic literally means “light”
and “electric.”
33. Solar energy
The energy utilized from sun light is called
solar energy
There are two methods for harvesting solar
energy
Concentrating Solar thermal Plant(CSP)
Photovoltaic plants(PV)
41. Hydropower
Hydropower is the cheapest way to produce
electricity.
Currently largest source of electricity from renewables.
Kinetic energy of water rotates turbines which
generate electricity.