Chemical bonding

2. CHEMICAL BONDING: The force of attraction operate
between atoms is known as Chemical Bonding. Chemical
bonds are formed due to presence of valence electrons.
• VALENCE ELECTRONS: The electrons in the outermost
shell are the valence electrons.

3. LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE
Lewis used dots to represent valence electron. Lewis dot are a
quick and easy way to show the valence electron
configuration of individual atoms.

4. TYPES OF CHEMICAL BOND
• Covalent bond
• Ionic bond

5. Covalent Bond :Bond in which one or more pairs of electrons
are shared by two atoms. Sharing of electrons happen in two
ways –
1. Equal Sharing – Covalent Bond
2. One Side Sharing – Coordinate Bond

6. Types of Covalent Bonds
Covalent Bonds are of three types which are as follows-
1. Single Covalent Bonds
2. Double Covalent Bonds
3. Triple Covalent Bonds

7. Single Covalent Bonds:Bonds which are formed due to
sharing of single pair of electrons between two atoms are
called single covalent bond. It is represented by single
line (-)
Example: Formation of H2 molecule, Formation of
Cl2 molecule.

8. Double Covalent Bonds : Bonds which are formed due
to sharing of double pair of electrons between two atoms
are called double covalent bond. It is represented by
double line (=).Example: Formation of O2 molecule.

9. Triple Covalent Bonds: Bonds which are formed due to
sharing of triple pair of electrons between two atoms are
called triple covalent bond. It is represented by triple lines
Example: Formation of N2 molecule.

10. • Ionic Bond : Bond in which one or more electrons from one atom are
removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and
negative ions which attract each other.