Cells as the basis of life
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Cells as the basis of life
- 1. biocanvas.net Cells as the basis of life Sarah Jones
- 2. All LIVING things are made of CELLS. Fibroblasts are cells that help maintain tissue structure by secreting proteins like collagen and elastin - biocanvas.net
- 3. The Discovery of Cells In the seventeenth century, Robert Hooke looked at thin slices of cork under a microscope that he had made from lenses. He observed small box-like shapes inside the cork. He called the little boxes that he saw cells. marshscience7.blogspot.com
- 5. Electron Microscopy Images Of Coffee coffeeguru4iphone.wordpress.com
- 6. boneresearchsociety.org SEM Image of Trabecular bone
- 9. Unicellular organisms – single-celled organisms. Multicellular organisms – have specialised cells that carry out specific functions. Unicellular Algae – biocanvas.net
- 10. Carry out all of the functions of life M ovement R espiration S ensitivity G rowth R eproduction E xcretion N utrition Unicellular Organisms Diatom – biocanvas.net
- 11. Under the five kingdom system cells can be divided into two basic types.
- 12. Prokaryotic cells - simple cells without distinct membrane bound organelles or nucleus.
- 13. Eukaryotic cells - more complex with membrane bound organelles and nucleus.
- 14. Animal Cell
- 15. • Exist as part of a multicellular organism. • Specialisation of cells into many types (cell differentiation). • Possess nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
- 19. • Exist as part of a multicellular organism. • Specialisation of cells into many types (cell differentiation). • Possess nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
- 21. Plant vs Animal Plant and animal cells have many similarities because they are both eukaryotic. They also have some differences:
- 22. Plasma Membrane • The surface of exchange for materials between the inside and outside of the cell. • IN – oxygen, nutrients and water • OUT – carbon dioxide, waste and products such as proteins http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/cell/plasma_membrane.php
- 23. Plasma Membrane Function 1. Hold cell together 2. Control what goes in and out – diffusion, osmosis, active transport 3. Protect the cell 4. Allow the cell to recognise and be recognised – cell signaling and immunity 5. Bind to other cells and molecules 6. A sit for biochemical reactions – enzymes, areas for reactions
- 24. en.wikipedia.org
- 25. Diffusion • Larger cells require more resources to be imported and more products to be exported. • As cells get larger the SURFACE AREA to VOLUME RATIO gets smaller. • Increasing cell size – less efficient exchange process. www.bbc.co.uk
- 26. Brownian Motion – the random movement of particles in a liquid or gas. Due to Brownian motion particles will diffuse evenly through the system over time.
- 27. Diffusion is the passive net movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to low concentration. ekgenius.net/
- 28. Facilitated diffusion is the passive net movement of particles from regions of high concentration to low concentration, through selectively permeable membrane (plasma membrane), facilitated by carrier proteins. ccaoscience.wordpress.com
- 29. en.wikipedia.org
- 30. Osmosis Osmosis is the passive net movement of water molecules from regions of low solute concentration to high solute concentration, through partially/selectively permeable membrane. bronxguildlivingenvironment.blogspot.com
- 31. Osmosis is also movement down a concentration gradient –we are considering the movement of water molecules, not the solute molecules. ekgenius.net/
- 32. Active Transport Active transport uses energy (ATP) to move molecules against a concentration gradient, using membrane protein pumps. www.premedhq.com
- 33. en.wikipedia.org
- 36. Parts of a Generalised Animal Cell https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus
- 37. • Contains the chromosomes (genetic information) for the cell. • Controls the activities of the cell. Nucleus
- 38. • Double membrane - outer membrane and inner membrane. • Inner membrane is folded forming cristae. • The interior contains an organic matrix containing chemical compounds. • Site of aerobic respiration. Mitochondria
- 39. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • A membrane system of flattened parallel cavities which are interconnected and covered with ribosomes. • An intracellular transport system.
- 40. Golgi Apparatus • Consists of a stack of flattened cavities which package substances produced by the cell into vesicles. • These vesicles can fuse with the cell membrane (exocytosis) or become lysosomes (digestive vesicles).
- 41. Plant Cell Walls • The main component of plant cell walls is cellulose. • Cellulose molecules are arranged in bundles called microfibrils. • The function of the plant cell wall is to provide strength and support the plant.
- 42. Photosynthesis
- 47. Comparing Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis www.accessexcellence.org
- 48. www.bbc.co.uk
- 49. Prokaryotic organisms are commonly called bacteria. They are cells with a simple structure. They have no membrane around the nucleus and lack any membrane bound organelles.
- 50. Blue-green bacteria make their own food by photosynthesis.
- 51. en.wikipedia.org
- 52. Prokaryotic Cell Parts • Cell Wall – protective protein-based coating. • Plasma Membrane – selectively permeable. • Pili – attach to other bacteria for DNA transfer. • Cytoplasm – contains enzymes for metabolic reactions. • Nucleoid – closed-loop of bacterial DNA. • Ribosomes – protein synthesis – transcription and translation. • Flagella – causes movement.
- 53. en.wikipedia.org
- 54. Prokaryotic Reproduction – Binary Fission http://evolution-textbook.org/content/free
- 55. Cell Division • For an organism to grow larger it needs to produce more cells – and each new cell needs a copy of the organism’s DNA. • Tissue Repair • Asexual Reproduction commons.wikimedia.org
- 56. Mitosis