Biomechanics of Ankle joint- intended to share the powerpoint with first year undergraduate students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal.
3. Functions of ankle and foot
Absorb stress or shock – pliability of foot
Propulsion of body in walking and
running- rigid foot
Protection – sensation of sole of foot
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4. Bones of ankle and foot
26 bones and 2 sesamoids
Forefoot
•Metatarsals- 5
•Phalanges- 14
Midfoot
•5 tarsals
Rearfoot
•Talus and Calcaneus
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5. Ankle and foot
Ankle- Talocrural joint
Foot- joints and bones
including tarsals, meta
tarsals, phalanges
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6. Parts of FOOT
Fore foot
•Metatarsals and phalanges
Mid Foot
•Remaining tarsal bones (with
transverse tarsal and inter
tarsal joints)
Hind Foot
•Talus, calcaneus (with subtalar
joint)
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7. Arthrology
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Joints Type of joint Articular
component
Superior/ Proximal
Tibiofibular joint
Plane synovial
joint
Head of fibula
Posterolateral
aspect of lateral
condyle of tibia
Inferior/ Distal
Tibiofibular joint
Fibrous
Syndesmosis
Distal tibia and
fibula
Ankle/ Talocrural
joint
Hinge Malleolus of tibia
and fibula
Talus
17. Subtalar Joint
Pronation and supination
Closed chain and open chain motion
Important for walking uphill, standing with
feel kept wide apart, agility activities,
balancing on unstable surface
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18. Subtalar Joint
Articulation: posterior, middle
and anterior facets of
calcaneus and talus.
Ligaments- medial, posterior
and lateral talocalcaneal
ligament, cervical ligament
Calcaneofibular lig limits
excessive inversion, deltoid lig
limits eversion
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21. Transverse Tarsal (Mid tarsal) Joint
Talonavicular + Calcaneocuboid joint
Connects rearfoot and mid foot
Equal through all the planes
Role to adapt to variety of surface contours
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22. Talonavicular joint
Resembles a Ball and socket joint
Provides substantial mobility to medial
longitudinal arch
Much movement as inversion and eversion
(twisting)
Head of talus (convex); proximal navicular
(concave)
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23. Talonavicular joint (TNJ)
Spring ligament:
Plantar calcaneo-navicular
From sustentaculum talus
(of calcaneus) to medial
plantar surface of navicular
bone
Forms floor and medial wall
of TNJ
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24. Calcaneocuboid Joint
Anterior (distal) surface of
calcaneus and proximal
surface of cuboid
Dorsal calcaneocuboid
ligament
Bifurcated ligament (Y-
shaped)
Long and short plantar
ligament
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25. Transverse Tarsal joint
Axes of Rotation-
•Longitudinal- inversion/ eversion
•Oblique – combination of abduction+ dorsiflexion
and adduction+ plantarflexion
Midfoot allows twice as much as supination
(20-25° of inversion) compared to pronation
(10- 15° of eversion)
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39. TMT joint (Lisfranc’s Joint)
Separates forefoot and midfoot
Base of metatarsals + distal surfaces of
cuneiform and cuboid
Ligaments: dorsal, plantar and iterosseous
ligaments
Capsule: well developed for 1st TMT joint
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