2. INTRODUCTION
How we learn a
• First language?
What is a
• Second language?
Acquisition
Unconscio
us effort
The study of individuals
and groups who are
learning a language
subsequent to learning
their first one as young
children.
6. Vygotsky offered an alternative to Piaget’s constructivism
Piaget: Mind models the
external world Human
beings make sense of
their world by means of
their mental structures .
Vygotsky: External
world models the mind
Knowledge is
internalization of social
activity.
7. LEV SEMYONOVICH
VIGOTSKY
Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky was born in Western Russia
Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky was born in Western Russia
(Belorussia) in 1896.
(Belorussia) in 1896.
He graduated with law degree at Moscow University. After
He graduated with law degree at Moscow University. After
graduation, he started teaching at various institutions.
graduation, he started teaching at various institutions.
Vygotsky's first big research project was in 1925 with his
Vygotsky's first big research project was in 1925 with his
Psychology of Art.
Psychology of Art.
A few years later, he pursued aacareer as a psychologist
A few years later, he pursued career as a psychologist
working with Alexander Luria and Alexei Leontiev.
working with Alexander Luria and Alexei Leontiev.
Vygotsky had no formal training in psychology but it showed
Vygotsky had no formal training in psychology but it showed
that he was fascinated by it.
that he was fascinated by it.
After his death of tuberculosis in 1934, his ideas were
After his death of tuberculosis in 1934, his ideas were
repudiated by the government; however, his ideas were kept
repudiated by the government; however, his ideas were kept
alive by his students.
alive by his students.
8. SOCIOCULTURAL
THEORY
Basically Vygotsky's theory suggests that
Basically Vygotsky's theory suggests that
development depends on interaction
development depends on interaction
The first one is imitative
learning
The second way is by
instructed learning
There are three ways aacultural tool can be
There are three ways cultural tool can be
passed from one individual to another
passed from one individual to another
The final way that cultural tools
are passed to others is through
collaborative learning,
9. 1.Cognitive development
IMPORTANT TERMS IN VYGOTSKY’S
THEORY
He proposed that children learn
He proposed that children learn
through interactions with their
through interactions with their
surrounding culture. .
surrounding culture
Vygotsky studied child development
Vygotsky studied child development
and the significant roles of cultural
and the significant roles of cultural
mediation and interpersonal
mediation and interpersonal
communication.
communication.
vygotsky observed how higher
vygotsky observed how higher
mental functions developed
mental functions developed
through social interactions with
through social interactions with
significant people in aachild's life.
significant people in child's life.
10. 2. THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE
2. THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE
s
lyzezes
a
y an nalyip
h i
k
otstsky ia nsnshap d
o
Vyg gorelat tiords n nd
Vy e rela o rdssa
th e en w o e s . .
s
th e owsn
etwween u usnes
b e t n sc i i o
b co nsc
co
s
s a as
t
tarartlsto o
s
t
ge e et na alfor
s
ua agxt r red for
n
g u
e d .
an ngol e extus etion n.
L a o l ld s c
La t ochi ldeua ctio
t o hint r ra
a
c
the eal i inte
h
toci ial
s oc
s
d
useseor
d
s
lk i is u l f for
a
o
lf-t -talk to oolnd
a t a d
se l f a s a d n
sere s te a
r
mo ore iaecectleding g
t
r
m lf-d-driegu alatin
se lflf- guor.
e
sse lf-re vi ior.
a
sebeh hav
be
13. F
A
SC
G
N
O
F
DI
L
It is changing the level
of support to suit the
cognitive potential of the
child.
More support is
offered when a
child is having
difficulty with a
particular task.
14. APPLYING VYGOTSKY
TO THE CLASSROOM
Teachers' role
Teachers' role
The teacher has the "task
of guiding and directing
the child's activity."
The teacher models
processes for students
in a classroom
environment.
15. OVERALL GOAL OF EDUCATION
ACCORDING TO VYGOTSKY
"generate and lead
"generate and lead
development which is the
development which is the
result of social learning
result of social learning
through internalization of
through internalization of
culture and social
culture and social
relationships."
relationships."
16. TEACHING STRATEGIES BASED
ON VYGOTSKY’S THEORY
Use the child’s zone of
proximal development in
teaching.
Use scaffolding.
Use more-skilled peers as
teachers.
Monitor and encourage
children’s use of private
speech.
Transform the classroom
with Vygotskian ideas.
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
