The presentation gives a complete overview of the cardiovascular system which is one of the most important systems of the human body.

1. By
Shahbaz Ahmad

2.  Introduction
 Components of Cardiovascular
System
Blood
Blood Vessels
Heart
 What does Cardiovascular System
do?
 Blood
Composition
Types
Functions

3.  Blood Vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
 The Human heart
Position of heart
Structure of Heart
Circulation in Heart
Muscle of Heart
 Cardiovascular Pathway
Pulmonary Circuit
Systemic Circuit
 Cardiac cycle
Systole
Diastole

4.  The heart’s electrical conduction
system
Control of heart beat
SA Node
AV Node
Purkinje Fibers

6.  A cardiovascular system is a:
Series of tubes (the blood vessels)
Filled with fluid (blood) and
Connected to a pump (the heart).
 Pressure generated in the heart propels
blood through the system continuously.

7.  Human cardiovascular system consists of
Blood
Vessels
Heart
 Blood is a mixture of many different
components that are required & excreted by
the cells.
 Vessels act as tubules to carry blood to all
the parts of the body
 The heart is the pumping organ that provides
a pumping force due to which blood flows in
the vessels

8.  Circulate blood throughout entire body for
Transport of oxygen to cells
Transport of CO2 away from cells
Transport of nutrients (glucose) to cells
Movement of immune system components (cells,
antibodies)
Transport of endocrine gland secretions

9.  Blood is a complex mixture of cells, water,
and various proteins and sugars.
 Blood is composed of

10.  There is 2 types of blood related to
cardiovascular system
Oxygenated blood
 Contains mainly oxyhaemoglobin
Deoxygenated blood
 Lacks mainly in oxyhaemoglobin

11.  Homeostatic functions
 Transport
 Defence against infections
Clotting
White cells

14.  What we thought of heart as kids

15.  What it actually looks like

16.  Heart lies in the center of the thorax cavity

17.  The heart is on the ventral side of the
thoracic cavity, sandwiched between the
lungs

18.  Heart enclosed in Pericardium.
 Pericardium is a tough membranous sac
inside which heart is enclosed.
 A thin layer of clear pericardial fluid inside
the pericardium lubricates the external
surface of the heart as it beats within the
sac.

19.  Outer Structure of the Heart

20.  Inner structure plus blood circulation inside
heart

21.  The heart is a muscular organ, about the size
of a fist.
 It is composed mostly of cardiac muscle or
myocardium {myo= muscle + kardia= heart},
covered by thin outer and inner layers of
epithelium and connective tissue.

22.  Epicardium (most superficial)
 Visceral pleura
 Myocardium (middle layer)
 Cardiac muscle
 Contracts
 Endocardium (inner)
 Endothelium on CT
 Lines the heart
 Creates the valves

23.  Pulmonary circuit
In the pulmonary circuit, blood is pumped to
the lungs from the right ventricle of the
heart. It is carried to the lungs via pulmonary
arteries.
 Systemic Circuit
The systemic circuit supplies oxygenated blood
to the organ system.
Oxygenated blood from the lungs is returned to
the left atrium, then the ventricle contracts and
pumps blood into the aorta.

24.  Term used to describe the relaxation and
contraction that occur, as a heart works to
pump blood through the body.
 There are two phases of the cardiac cycle
Systole
 ‘Contraction’ of the heart.
 Initiated by the electrical cells of the Sino atrial
node, which is the heart's natural pacemaker.
Diastole
 Cardiac Diastole is the period of time when the
heart relaxes
 Ventricular diastole is when the
 ventricles are relaxing, while atrial diastole is when
the atria are
 relaxing. Together they are known as complete cardiac
diastole.

26.  The heart is primarily made up of muscle
tissue.
 A network of nerve fibers coordinates the
contraction and relaxation of the cardiac
muscle tissue to obtain an efficient, wave-
like pumping action of the heart.
 The heart contains two cardiac pacemakers
(SA Node & AV Node) that spontaneously
cause the heart to beat.

27.  Impulse generating (pacemaker) tissue.
 Located in the right atrium of the heart.
 Cells in the SA node will naturally discharge
(create action potentials) at about 70-80
times/minute.

28.  The tissue between the atria and the
ventricles of the heart.
 Conducts the normal electrical impulse from
the atria to the ventricles.
 An important property that is unique to the
AV node is decremental conduction

30.  Located in the inner ventricular walls of the
heart, just beneath the endocardium.
 Purkinje fibers work with the Sino atrial node
(SA node) and the Atrioventricular node (AV
node) to control the heart rate.

31.  The spiral arrangement of ventricular muscle
allows ventricular contraction to squeeze the
blood upward from the apex of the heart.