This document contains a marking scheme for a physics exam with 10 multiple choice questions. It provides the question number, answer scheme, and marks allocated for each part of each question. The questions cover topics such as forces, pressure, electromagnetic induction, lenses, sound waves, and mirrors. For each sub-part of the questions, the marking scheme clearly outlines the key points or steps required to earn the marks.

1. BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN
SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN
KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
MARKING SCHEME
PERFECT SCORE & X A-PLUS MODULE
PHYSICS
2012

2. SECTION II - COMMON MISTAKES AND MISCONCEPTIONS
8.
Physical Quantity Physical quantity measured Physics Unit and symbol
Stop watch time Second. s
voltmeter Voltage, V Volt, V
thermometer temperature Kelvin or oCelsius
Bourdon gauge Gas pressure Pascal, Pa
Ammeter Electric current Ampere, A
9.
Terms Common Mistake Correct Answer
[The type of energy
when the object is at P]
Gravitational Potential Energy
a
Potential energy
Force acting on surface
area
Force/area Normal force acting on a unit of
b Pressure
surface area
A product of depth, density
and gravitational
acceleration
Pascal’s principle In a close container, force is In a close container, pressure is
c
transmitted equally transmitted equally.
Latent heat of Heat absorbed to change 1 kg
d Heat absorbed to change
vaporization of liquid to gas without any
by 1oC
changes in temperature.
Amount of kinetic energy in an
e Transfer from hot body to
Temperature object
cold body
[Physics phenomena in
a prism]
Total internal reflection
f Reflection

3. Terms Common Mistake Correct Answer
Critical angle is when the Critical angle is the incident
refracted angle is 90o angle in denser medium which
g Critical angle Critical angle is the incident produces when the refracted
angle when the reflected angle in less dense medium is
angle is 90o 90o
The image that formed The image that cannot be
h Virtual image
behind the lens formed on the screen
light of one frequency /
i Monochromatic light A colour of one light
wavelength / colour
…………………………..
displacement of any
Maximum point of the particle/oscillating system from
j Amplitude
highest displacement its
………………………………………..
………………………………………..
The time taken for any particle
k Period One complete oscillation to make one complete
oscillation
1000 W of energy is supplied 1000 W of energy is consumed
Specification:
l when the power supplied is in 1 s when connected to a 240
240 V, 1000 W
240 V. V power supply.
When the current flow
A conductor which can produce
through magnet
j electromagnet magnetic field when current
Is a combination of electric
passes through it.
and magnetic field
k Beta particles Negative charge Fast moving electron

4. B. Misconceptians
Examples:
Num Misconceptions Correction
Oil is used in hydraulic jack because it has
1 .. because it is not easily evaporate.
higher boiling point
Snell’s law state that:
The sine of incident
2
The sine of incident angle
= constant
angle Refractive The sine of
= refracted angle
The sine of refracted index
angle
Container A Container B
water Pressure at X = Pressure at Y because X
and Y are at the same depth, same
3 gravitational acceleration and in the
same type of liquid that has same density.
The force exerted at X > the force exerted at ( P = hg)
Y because smaller surface area (P = F /A)
To increase the efficiency of ac/dc
GENERATOR:
Generator – the current is induced
- Use more number of turns to
produce stronger magnetic field
The ship can float in sea water because
the total density of the ship is less than
the density of water
The buoyant force is equals to the total
weight of the ship
The ship can float in sea water because the
buoyant force is bigger than the weight of
the ship

5. C. Paper 3
1. Data Tabulation
Title - no unit
Content- not consistent
Example:
Common Mistake Correct Answer
Electric Current Voltage Electric Current, I (A) Voltage, V (V)
0.1 0.5 0.10 0.5
0.12 1 0.12 1.0
0.14 1.5 0.14 1.5
TOV 1 – SPM FORMAT SET 1
4531/2 SECTION A
Question 5
No Answer Scheme Mark
a The force that gravitation exerts upon a body 1
b(i) The mass of slotted weigh in Diagram 5.1 > Diagram 5.2 1
b(ii) The nett force in Diagram 5.2 > Diagram 5.1 1
b(iii) The acceleration in Diagram 5.2 > Diagram 5.1 1
c The greater the nett force , the greater the acceleration 1
d(i) Net force in Diagram 5.1 > Diagram 5.3 1
d(ii) The acceleration in Diagram 5.1 > Diagram 5.3 1
d(iii) The weight of 20 N in Diagram 5.1 is perpendicular to the tension of the string 1
Question 6
No Answer Scheme Mark
Diagram 6.1 : no relative motion
a(i) 2
Diagram 6.2 : there is a relative motion
a(ii) Number of turns in Diagram 6.3 > Diagram 6.2 1
b(i) The greater the number of turn of coil, the greater the change in magnetic flux 1
The greater the number of turn of coil, the greater the magnitude of induced
b(ii) 1
current
c Faraday’s Law 1
When the magnet is pulled away from the coil
d Reason : the current will flow in such direction that oppose the change that 2
cause it

6. Question 7
No Answer Scheme Mark
a Depth of water 1
P = hg5
b = 2.5 x 103 x 10 2
= 2.5 x 104 N m-2
c Less different of water pressure 1
Place the water tank P higher than water tank R // use water pump
d(i) 2
It will increase the water pressure // sufficient water supply
Bigger base area //thicker wall at the bottom
d(ii) 2
Less pressure exerted on the ground // could withstand water pressure
Low density material // fiber tank
d(iii) 2
Light // can withstand stronger pressure
Question 8
No Answer Scheme Mark
1. (a) Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the atmosphere on an object 1
(b) 1. Vacuum pump is used to pump out the air from the suction cup 3
2. Partial vacuum is created in the suction cup
3. Higher atmospheric pressure push the glass sheet onto the suction cup 1
(c)(i) Low pressure 1
(ii) Larger difference in pressure 1
(iii) Big diameter cup 1
(iv) Greater force 1
(d)
Triple cups 1
Greater force 1
R 1
Straw/syringe/siphon/vacuum cleaner
12
Question 9
No Answer Scheme Mark
a The force exerted by the gas molecules onto a unit of surface area 1
When temperature increases, the average kinetic energy increases
Rate of collision also increase
b 4
Rate of change of momentum increase
Force exerted on a unit of surface area increase
Temperature of gas : 9.3 > 9.2
c 5
Volume of gas : 9.3 = 9.2

7. No Answer Scheme Mark
Reading of pressure gauge : 9.2 < 9.3
Temperature increase, reading of pressure gauge
Pressure Law
Characteristics Explaination
Rate of rotation is less // Temperature does not
Large radius
increase easily
Increase the surface area // less pressure
Many tyres
d Provide a gripping surface 10
Tyres with treads
Prevent from deformation
Strong tyre
Can withstand high temperature
High melting point
Question 10
No Answer Scheme Mark
Electromagnetic induction 1
a
b 4
Number of turns of coil : Diagram 10.3 > Diagram 10.4
Speed of magnet : same
c Deflection of galvanometer : Diagram 10.3 > 10.4 5
When number of turns of coil increased, deflection also increased
Faraday’s Law
Characteristics Explaination
Curve magnet Produce radial magnetic field
Stronger magnet Produce stronger magnetic field
d Replace component X 10
Current is induced in one direction
with commutator
Good conductor
Copper wire coil
Thick copper wire Less resistance

8. Question 11
(a) Distance between optical centre and focal point
(b)(i) M1 correct substitution into formula or correct answer
M = v/u = 60/20 = 3
(b)(ii) M1 correct substitution into formula:
1 1 1 1 1
= + = +
𝑓 𝑢 𝑣 20 60
M2 Answer with correct unit
f = 15 cm = 0.15 m
(b)(iii) M1: P = 100/f = 100/15
M2: Answer with correct unit: = 6.67 D
(c) M1: Parallel light rays from the hot sun at infinity pass through a convex lens// labeled
diagram
M2: Light rays are focused after passing through the lens // labeled diagram
M3: Light rays are converged onto a focal point of the lens
M4: At the point, the intensity of lights is great (and the light energy) causes an increases in
temperature. When the spot on the paper become hot enough, the paper start to
burn // light energy change to heat energy.
Aspect Reason
Focal length is longer // eyepiece must be more longer focal
Low power of eye piece
length than objective lens
Focal length is shorter / objective lens must be powerful lens
High power objective lens than eyepiece lens// Objective lens must be shorter focal
length than eyepiece lens.
Distance between lenses : To produce bigger image from the eyepiece // to increase
>fo + fe the magnification
Position of the specimen : fo<
To produce real, inverted and magnified image
u < 2fo
The most suitable is : Focal length of eyepiece is longer than objective lens,
microscope M distance between lenses is greater than (fo + fe), and the
position of the specimen is between fo and 2 fo

9. Question 12
Answer:
(a) frequency
(b) 1 High pitch, high frequency / pitch directly propotional to frequency
2 frequency is inversly propotional to wave length // high frequency has shorter
wave length
3 Short λ / high f / high pith at C, will diffract / spread out/ bend less
4 Sound easily diffracted / bending / spread out during low pitch/ low f/long λ / at A,B,C
(c)
Characteristic Reason
Large diameter Receive more signal
Same as focal length Signal are focused/converged to the receiver
Microwave Has high frequency / high energy
The signal is not blocked / easy to be
High
detected
Choose K because Because it has large diameter,
Same as focal length, use microwave and locate at high position.
(d)(i) v = 2s/t = (2 x 90)/0.12 = 1 500 m/s
(i) V = fλ
λ = 1 500/50 000 = 0.03 m = 3 cm
TOV 2 – SPM FORMAT SET 2
4531/2 SECTION A
QUESTION 5
No Answer Scheme Mark
a The size of the coin in Diagram 6.1 < Diagram 6.2 1
b Refraction of light wave 2
Light travels from water to air // denser to less dense medium
c Light is refracted away from normal line 3
The image is seen bigger and closer to the observer eye
n = rd/ad = H/h
d h = 16/(4/3) 2
= 12 cm
e Use liquid with bigger refractive index 1

10. QUESTION 6
No Answer Scheme Mark
1
a(i) Kinetic energy to electric energy
Rotating coil will cut the magnetic flux
a(ii) Emf is produced 3
The commutatorwii ensure the current flow in one direction
b(i) The ratio Np : Ns is 6 : 1 1
b(ii) diode 1
Capacitor
b(iii) 2
Reason : it can store and discharge charges
Copper wire // laminated iron core
c 2
Reason : good conductor // reduce eddy current
QUESTION 7
No Answer Scheme Mark
a Temperature increases 2
Pressure increases
b When temperature increases, the average kinetic energy increases 3
Rate of collision also increase
Rate of change of momentum increase
Force exerted on a unit of surface area increase
c) P1 = 200 kPa
T1 = 273 + 30 = 303 K
P2 = 225 kPa
T2 = (T1P2)/ P1
= (303 x225) /200 3
= 340.875 K
d(i) More 1
d(ii) Able to support greater mass // heavier load 1
d(iii) Grips efficiently 1

11. QUESTION 8
No Answer Scheme Mark
(a) Concave mirror 1
(b)
1. Object between F and pole of mirror 4
2. Light parallel to principal axis reflected to F
3. Light through C reflect back original path
4. Extend the lines to back of mirror and draw a virtual image
(c)(i) Concave 1
(ii) To focus light 1
Big size 1
(iii)
To collect and reflect more light 1
(iv)
At focal point of the mirror 1
Light/energy will focus after light reflected 1
Z 1
12
QUESTION 9
No Answer Scheme Mark
Real image is an image which can be formed / projected on a screen. 1
a(i)
object distance in 9.1 is shorter than 9.2
Size of image formed in 9.1 is bigger than in 9.2
a(ii) Image distance in 9.1 is smaller /shorter 5
The shorter the object distance, the bigger the size of the image formed
When the object distance is shorter, the magnification scale is bigger.
P
b 4
1. Object is placed between F and P
2. Parallel light ray from top of object to mirror and reflected to F
3. Light ray from top to mirror and reflected back to C
4. Extrapolation of both rays and its intersection behind the mirror and an
upright image is drawn.

12. No Answer Scheme Mark
suggestion Explanation
Higher intensity of light / more light
Use higher power bulb
produced.
The filament of the bulb
is at the focus point of The light ray focuses to one point.
d 10
the concave mirror
More curvature Increase the intensity.
To produce real and enlarge / bigger
lens between f and 2f
images.
Increase the distance /
Larger image produced
further away the screen
QUESTION 10
No Answer Scheme Mark
10 (a) Monochromatic light: light of one frequency / wavelength /
1
colour
(b)  In figure 10.1(a), distance between the double slit and 1
screen, D is smaller
 In figure 10.1(b), distance between two successive bright 1
fringes, x is smaller
 In figure 10.1(b), the number of fringes is bigger / more 1
fringes
 In figure 10.1(b), the width of fringes is smaller / narrower 1
 When the distance between the double slit and screen, D
1
increases, the distance between two successive fringes, x
increases.
5
(c)  Microwaves are transmitted by the radar 1
 the radar transmits the signal towards the aeroplane 1
 it detects the reflected signal from the aeroplane t seconds 1
later.
 calculate the distance of aeroplane from the radar,s by 1
using formula s = vt/2, where v is the speed of microwaves
in air. 4

13. Answer
No Answer Scheme
Scheme
Modification Explanation
 Shape of the boat is  To reduce the water resistance / drag
streamline
 Material used is  Can withstands high water pressure
strong
 Uses ultrasonic  Have high energy / sounds can travel at further
waves distance
 Put fish in a  Ice has larger latent heat / ice can absorb a large
polisterine box quantity of heat from fish as it melts / fish can be
containing ice kept at a low temperature for an extended period of
time
 Made of fiber glass  The boat is lighter
/ less dense
material
10
TOTAL 20
QUESTION 11
No Answer Scheme Mark
11(a) Volume = area x height 1
1st : pressure of air is inversely proportional to the volume of air
2nd : the pressure inside the air bubbles is equal to the water pressure which is high at
the bottom
(b)
3rd : so the volume of air bubbles is small. 4
4th : as air bubble goes up to the surface, the pressure decreases., so the volume of air
bubbles increases.
1st : safety valve is needed
2nd : to releases extra steam so that the pressure is the cooker does not reach a
dangerous stage
3rd : Thickness of the pot is high
(c)
4th : to withstand high pressure 10
5th : specific heat capacity of the pot is low
6th : heats up quickly and food will be cooked faster
7th : specific heat capacity of the handle is high

14. No Answer Scheme Mark
8th : heats up slowly and can be held with bare hands
9th : K is chosen
10th : Reasons: It has a safety valve, high thickness, low specific heat capacity of the pot,
high specific heat capacity of the handle
1st : P1= 75 cm Hg, V1 = 10 cm
2nd : P2 = 75 + 3 = 78 cm Hg
(d) 3rd : P1V1 = P2V2
5
4th : (75)(10) = (78) (V)
5th : V2 = 9.62 cm
TOTAL 20

15. QUESTION 12

16. Exercise
No Answer Scheme Mark
a The force that gravitation exerts upon a body 1
Stone is denser than water
When the stone is immersed in the water , it experienced buoyant force, F
b 4
The tension which is the reading of spring balance, T = W-F
Archimedes’ Principle
i. 4.4.kg
ii. (44-36) = 8 N
c iii. F = Vg 5
V = F/(g)
= 8/(103 x 10) = 8x10-4 m3
Characteristics Explaination
Denser material So the hydrometer stand up right
Large diameter of bulb Displaced more acid// stay floating
Long hydrometer To measure wide range of density of acid
d 10
Glass hydrometer Does not react with acid
The best choice is U because it is denser material, large diameter of bulb,
long hydrometer and glass hydrometer
SECTION III– UNDERSTANDING (Paper 2 Section B and C)
Question 1 [ Introduction to Physics ]
1. Consistency is the ability of the instrument to give the same readings close to each other when
repeated measurement are done
2. each measurement with little deviation among readings/ draw diagram bulls eye target.
3. Accuracy is the ability of an instrument to give a measured reading to the actual reading.
4. The value determined is accurate if it is near to the actual value/ draw diagram bulls eye
target.
Question 2 [Forces and Motion]
1. Fuel burns in the combustion chamber
2. Hot gases expelled at high speed / high momentum
3. A large downwards momentum is produced
4. The rocket gains upwards momentum of equal magnitude.
Question 3 [Forces and Motion
(i) Elasticity is the property of matter to return back to its original size or shape when the force that
acting on it is removed
(ii)1. There are two types of force; attraction and repulsive force between the particles of the solid.
2. When the solid is stretched, the molecules displaced away from each other
3. Attractive forces are acting to oppose the stretching
4. When the solid is compressed, the molecules displaced closer to each other
5. Repulsive forces are acting to oppose the compression

17. Question 4 [Forces and Motion]
(ii) The force forward = friction
The resultant force is zero
The object move with constant velocity
Question 5 [Forces and Pressure]
1. High altitude has low density of air
2. Air molecules has low temperature / low kinetic energy
3. Less collision of air molecules with surface
4. Rate of change of momentum decreases.
Question 6 [Forces and Pressure]
1. When air is pumped out , pressure inside decrease.
2. Atmospheric pressure outside is higher
3. Difference in pressure produces a forceto lift the mirror
4. Force is greater than the weight of the mirror.
Question 7 [Forces and Pressure]
(a) (i) Archimedes’ Principle states that buoyant force equal to the weight of fluid displaced.
(a) (ii) 1. Volume of air displaced equal to volume of aballoon
2. Density of air decreased as a altitude increase
3. Weight of displaced air becomes smaller
4. At certain height weight of displaced air equal to weight of the balloon.
Question 8 [Forces and Pressure]
1. Hydrometer displaces water.
2. Weight of water displaced equal to weight of hydrometer.
3. The denser the liquid is, the less volume of water displaced.
4. Hydrometer will float higher.
Question 9 [Heat]
(i) Thermal equilibrium occurs when the net transfer of heat between two objects in thermal
contact is zero.
(ii) 1. Thermometer is placed in the boiling water.
2. Heat is transferred from boiling water to the thermometer
3. Thermal equilibrium between the thermometer and boiling is reached when the
net rate of heat transfer is zero.
4. The thermometer and the boiling water are at the same temperature.

18. Question 10 [Heat]
1. Molecules moving freely in random motion
2. When temperature increase, kinetic energy//velocity increase
3. Molecules strike the walls of pressure cooker more frequently
The rate of change of momentum increase
4. Force exerted on the walls increase, pressure (P = F/A) increase
Question 11 [Heat]
1. The specific heat capacity of the land is less than sea water.
2. During daytime, the land warms up faster than the sea.
3. Air above the land becomes hot and less dense, so it will rise up.
4. The cooler air from sea moves to the land.
Question 12 [Light]
1. The air close to the surface is much colder than the air above it
2. Light travels from denser to less dense medium
3. Light rays refracted away from normal line and bend downward toward the surface/total
internal reflection occur.
4. The observer will see the image of the ship due to light travels in a straight line.
Question 13 [Light]
1. The parallel rays of the sun will pass through the a convex lens
2. After entering the lens, the light rays is focused at the principal focus of the lens
3. At the principal focus, the light ray is focused on one small area
4. Heat energy causes an increase in temperature, the paper starts to burn
Question 14 [Waves]
(i) Sonar is a reflected ultrasonic waves. (ultrasonic echoes)
(ii) ultrasonic wave has a higher frequency waves , it has more energy so it can move further
it do not produce noise
(iii) 1. attach ultrasonic transmitter to a ship
2. use a microphone receiver to detect ultrasonic pulses
3. direct the ultrasonic pulses from the transmitter to the seabed
4. use microphone receiver to pick up the reflected pulses from the seabed
5. measure the time taken by the pulses to travel to the seabed and return
v x t
6. calculate the depth of the water using the formula d
2
Question 15 [Waves]
1. The airplane engine produces noise which cause the air to vibrate
2. All particles in a material/matter/glass vibrate at its natural frequency
3. Due to resonance, the glass vibrate at a higher/maximum amplitude
4. Need strong glasses to withstand the effect of resonance/ the strong vibration/ high
amplitude, so that it does not break easily.
Question 16 [Electricity]
1. A parallel circuit can run several devices using the full voltage of the supply.
2. If one device fails, the others will continue running normally
3. If the device shorts, the other devices will receive no voltage, preventing overload damage.
4. A failure of one component does not lead to the failure of the other components.
5. More components may be added in parallel without the need for more voltage.

19. Question 17 [Electricity]
1. The two dry cells are connected in parallel
2. The effective e.m.f. remains the same
3. The effective internal resistance of the two cells is smaller
4. A larger current will flow through the bulb to make it brighter
Question 18 [Electromagnetism]
1. When the switch is on, the soft iron core becomes electromagnet. End A becomes north pole.
2. End B becomes south pole
3. Magnet P repels from end A
4. Magnet Q attracts to end B
Question 19 [Electromagnetism]
1. The (magnadur) magnets produce a magnetic field / diagram
2. The current in the wire produces a magnetic field / diagram
3. The two magnetic fields interact/combine to form a resultant / catapult field / diagram
4. Same direction of magnetic field produces stronger resultant magnetic field. Opposite direction
cancel each other and produce weaker magnetic field.
S N
Question 20 [Electromagnetism]
1. When too high current flow, magnetic field strength become very strong / wire expand
2. electromagnet pull the soft iron armature / pulled to the right by spring P.
3. release the catch, contact separate and current does not flow
4. When reset button is pressed, spring Q pulls the soft iron armature back to its original position
Question 21 [Electromagnetism]
(i) Ideal transformer is when the efficiency is 100% / power output equal to power input
(ii) 1. When a.c. voltage is supplied to primary coil, (alternating current will flow) and the soft
iron core is magnetized.
2. The magnet produced varies in magnitude and direction.
3. This causes a changing magnetic flux pass through the secondary coil.
4. An induced e.m.f. across the secondary coil is produced
Question 22 [Electromagnetism]
1. Electric supply is continuous
2. Electric supply idepends on region, the region like city needs more electric supply than
interior region.
3. Peak hour need more electric supply.
4. If one region black out, the source of electric supply can be taken from another region.
5. Reduce the cost.
6. Easy to manage and to repair
* Choose any FOUR from the list.

20. Question 23 [Electronic]
1. Connect the dry cell terminal to the Y-input of CRO.
2. The Y-gain setting is recorded
3. The vertical displacement is measured = h.
4. Potential difference = ( Y-gain scale) x (Vertical displacement of direct current wave)
Question 24 [Radioactivity]
1. Put the radioactive source opposite the detector
2. Detector is connected to the thickness indicator
3. Detector detect the reading of the changes in counts
4. Thickness is measured with the thickness indicator. If the reading of the detector is less than the
specified value, the thickness of the paper is too tick/ vice versa
Question 25 [Radioactivity]
(a) Unstable isotopes which decay and emit radioactive particles / ray
(b)1. Radioisotope is injected into the pipe
2. G-M tube as detector is used to find the leakage
3. Reading on detector increases when near a leakage
Question 26 [Radioactivity]
1. Neutron bombarded a uranium nucleus and produced three neutral
2 The new neutron bombarded a new uranium nucleus
3. For every reaction, the neutrons produced will generate a chain reaction
4. Diagram of chain reaction

21. SECTION IV – DECISION MAKING (Paper 2 Section A – Question 8; Section C )
Question 1
Characteristics Explanation
Streamlined shape To reduce water resistance
High strength of metal To withstand high water pressure
Wide base cross section area So that ship can float / prevent from overturn //
ship more stable // ship not sink deeper
High volume of air space in the ship Increase buoyant force
Structure U Because it has streamlined ship, high strength of
metal, wide base cross section area, high volume
of air space in the ship.
Question 2 [Force and Pressure]
Specification Reason
Straight cut shape bottle Move faster/increase the speed
The body is streamline shape Reduce air friction
The angle of launching is 450 The rocket can achieve maximum distance
The volume of water 1/3 of the bottle To produce optimum momentum/speed
The rocket has functional fins Increase stability
The best water rocket is T,
because it has straight cut shape, body is streamline, angle of launching is 450 the volume of water is
1/3 of the bottle and the rocket has functional fins.
Question3 [Force and Pressure]
Specification Reason
With ABS To reduce jerking when it stopped immediately /
can be controlled if direction changes / does not
move side ways
Wide tyres Better support / more stable / safer when turn
Low mass Lighter, can move faster / low inertia
Low seat height Lower centre of gravity / more stable
C because it has ABS, wider tyres, low mass, low seat height.
Question 4
Specification Reason
High specific heat capacity The rate of temperature increased caused by
friction is low
High melting point Does not easily change in shape when the
temperature is high
Difficult to compress Pressure will be transmitted uniformly in all
directions.
Use ceramic Can withstand high temperature // less dust
produced
S because it has high specific heat capacity, high melting point, difficult to compress and use ceramic.
Question 5
Specification Reason
Size of the tyre is large Prevent backhoe from sinking into soft ground
Not easy compress compared to the gases // high
Fluids used in hydraulic system is liquid
power
Large mass Avoid backhoe from moving
Large base area Ensure that the backhoe will not collide
SULIT 21

22. Centre of gravity is low More stable
The most suitable backhoe is M.
Large tyre, fluids use in hydraulic system is liquid, large mass, large base area and the centre of gravity
is low.
Question 6 [Force and Pressure]
Specification Reason
A shape of cross section which is upper side is To produce the speed of airflow above the wings
higher Than the bottom//aerofoil to be higher than the speed of air below
Large area of the wing The larger the lift force
Low density of the wing material Less weight// produce more upward force
The higher the difference in speed of air The higher the difference in pressure
P was chosen because shape of aerofoil,large area of the wing,
Low density of the wing and the higher the difference in speed of air
Question 7[Force and Pressure]
Specification Reason
Produced bigger buoyant force / displaced more
Volume of the balloon is bigger
volume of air
Material used for balloon is nylon Stronger / does not break easily
Lighter / low mass / increase the time impact /
Material used for basket is rattan
reduce impulsive force
Reduce the density of air / reduce the mass of air
Temperature of air inside the balloon is higher
in the balloon / increase upward resultant force /
can carry more load
The best chosen is K because volume of the balloon is bigger, material used for balloon is nylon,
material used for basket is rattan and temperature of air inside the balloon is higher
Question 8[Heat]
Specification Reason
It will not easily change into gas when absorb heat
High boiling point
from the engine
It will not freeze during cold weather // can flow at
Low viscously
low temperature
It can absorb a big quality of heat with small rise in
High specific heat capacity
temperature
The metal parts of the engine will not corrode
A low ability to react with metals
easily
K because of its high boiling point, low viscosity, high specific heat capacity and low ability to react
with metals.
Question 9 [light]
Specification Reason
Type of objective lens is convex lens To converge the light and produce real image
Focal length of the objective lens is big To get higher magnification power
D < f0 + fe To get virtual and magnified image
More light can be captured, the image formed is
Diameter of the objective lens is large
brighter
Lens S because lens used is convex lens, focal length of the objective lens is big, D D < f 0 + fe and
diameter of the objective lens is large.
SULIT 22

23. Question10 [Electricity]
Specification Reason
Thin diameter High resistance
Coil wire Increase length / resistance
Parallel arrangement If one panel not function, others still function
High melting point Withstand high temperature
G, because thin diameter, coil wire, parallel arrangement and high melting point.
Question 11
Characteristics Explanation
Curved shape Produce radial magnetic field
Soft iron Easily to magnetized and demagnetized
Can detect small current // more sensitive // can
Soft spring
measured small current
Uniform deflection // force produced directly
Linear scale
proportional to current.
T is chosen because curved shape, soft iron, soft spring and linear scale.
Question 12
Specification Reason
Low resistivity to reduce heat loss in the cables
Low density The cables will be lighter
Low rate of oxidation Not easily rust / corrode
Low rate of thermal expansion The cables will not expand under hot weather
Cable Q because it has low resistivity, low density, low rate of oxidation, low rate of thermal expansion.
Question 13
Specification Reason
Low density of the coil Lighter // less mass
The rate of change of magnetic field, more
High frequency of rotation
current induced
Use 4 diodes Full wave rectification to get a d.c
Heat capacitor in the circuit To smooth the direct current obtained
Circuit I because it has low density coil, high frequency of rotation, consist 4 diodes and has capacitor
in the circuit
SULIT 23

24. Question 14
Specification Reason
When it is doped, the conductivity of the
The valency of the intrinsic semiconductor is 4
semiconductor increases
Valency of 3 is used to produce hole as majority
charge carrier (P type) and valency of 5 is used to
The valency of the doping substance are 3 or 5
produce electron as majority charge carrier (N
type)
Can maintain the crystallize structure of the
Size of the atom of the doping substance is almost
substance / give good effect in the doping
same as the size of the substance
process
Substance T because the valency of the intrinsic semiconductor is 4, the valency of the doping
substance are 3 or 5 and the size of the doping substance is almost the same as the size of the
substance.
The type of pure semiconductor is silicon because it has greater power handling (not easy overheated.
Question 15 [radioactive]
Specification Reason
Gamma Has high penetrating power
Long half life Long lasting
Solid Easy to handle
Does not ionize healthy cells / does not cause cell
Low ionizing power
mutation
K is chosen because it radiated gamma ray, the half life is long, the state of matter is solid and has low
ionizing power.
uestion 16 [Radioactive]
Specification Reason
Type of ray is Alpha Stronger ionizing power
Long half life Long lasting
State of matter is solid Easy to handle / does not spill or evaporate
Logic gate: NOT To inverse input
L is chosen because type or ray is alpha, long half life, solid and use logic gate NOT
SULIT 24

25. SECTION V– CONCEPTUALIZATION (Paper 2 Section A – Question 5/6; Section B )
Question 1 [Force and Pressure]
1. Density of sphere A is less than B
2. Weight A is less than B
3. The weight of water displaced by A is less than B
4. The larger the weight of sphere, the bigger the weight of water displaced
5. Weight of water displaced = upthrust // When the weight of water displaced increase,
upthrust increase
Question 2 [Force and Pressure]
(a) Density is mass per unit volume
(b) i Level of the boat is higher in the sea than in the river.
ii Water displaced in the sea is less than in the river.
iii Density of sea water is higher than river water.
(c) i The lower the density of water, the greater the volume of water displaced.
ii Weight of the boat = Weight of the water displaced
(d) Archimedes’ principle
Question 3 [Heat]
(a)(i) The temperature of air increase
The volume of air increase
(ii) The mass of air constant
(b)(i) When the temperature increase the volume of air increase
(ii) Charles’ Law
(iii) Temperature increases, kinetic energy increases
The rate of collision between molecules and wall increases/ pressure increases
To keep the pressure constant, volume increases/expand
Question 4 [Waves]
(a) Length between the two crest / trough / consecutive wave front
(b) (i) Wavelength in Diagram 4.2 is greater than 4.1
(ii) Wavelength remains constant after passing through the gap
(c) Curvature of the wave pattern in Diagram 4.2 is greater
(d) The greater the wavelength, the more circular the wave pattern
(e) Diffraction
SULIT 25

26. Question 5 [Electromagnetism]
(a) Diagram 5.1 has less number of turns compare to Diagram 5.2
Deflection of pointer in Diagram 5.1 is smaller than Diagram 5.2
(b) P = North Q = South
(c) The larger the number of turns, the higher the induced current produced
(d) Faraday’s Law
(e) Increase the speed of the relative motion between the coil and the magnet //
Use a stronger magnet
(f) Direct Current Generator (D.C. Dynamo) //Alternating Current Generator (A.C. Dynamo) // Moving
coil microphone // Transformer
Question 6 [Force and Motion]
(a) The energy an object has because of its position.
(b) Load in Diagram 6.1 is higher than in Diagram 6.2.
Gravitational potential energy in Diagram 6.1 is higher
Work done in Diagram 6.1 is greater
The higher the position of the load, the greater the work done
The greater the work done, the greater the gravitational potential energy //
Work done = gravitational potential energy
Question 7 [Force and Motion]
1. Mass of the coin is greater than the leaf
2. Both objects reach the ground at the same time
3. The falling position of both objects is the same
4. Gravitational acceleration is the same
5. Gravitational acceleration does not depend on mass
Question 8 [Force and Pressure]
1. Reading of spring balance in the oil/Diagram 8(c) is greater than in the water/Diagram 8(b)
2. Weight lost in the water/Diagram 8(b)is greater than in oil/Diagram 8(c) // vise versa
3. Density of water is greater than density of oil
4. The greater the density of liquid, the greater the weight lost
5. The greater the density of liquid, the greater the buoyant force
SULIT 26

27. Question 9 [Force and Pressure]
1. Density of air in Diagram 9(a) is higher than in Diagram 9(b)// vice versa
2. The number of load in Diagram 9(a) is greater than in Diagram 9(b)// vice versa
3. The height of the balloons in both Diagram 9(a) and Diagram 9(b) are equal
4. When the density of the air increase, the buoyant force increase
5. As the density of the air increase, the weight of the load carried increased// .
As the density of the air decrease, the weight of the load carried also decreased
Question 10 [Force and Pressure]
1. The mass of the fish is the same
2. The volume of the fishing net immersed in the water is the least in Diagram 10.3 and the largest in
Diagram 10.1
3. When the weight of water displaced is smaller, the force needed is greater
4. Buoyant force is equal to weight of water displaced
5. The greater the weight of water displaced, the greater the buoyant force
Question 11 [Light]
1. Density of glass block in Diagram 11(a) is smaller than density of glass block in Diagram 11(b)
2. Refractive index of glass block in Diagram 11(a) is smaller
3. Angle of refraction in Diagram 11(a) is greater than angle of refraction in Diagram 11(b)
4. The higher the density, the smaller the angle of refraction
5. The higher the refractive index, the smaller the angle of refraction.
Question 12 [Light]
1. Lens K is thicker than lens J
2. Light ray refracted more in lens K than lens J.
3. Focal length of lens K is shorter than lens J.
4. The thicker the lens, the greater the light refracted
5. The thicker the lens, the shorter the focal length
SULIT 27

28. Question 13 [Light]
1. Distance between the double-slit and screen, D, i n Diagram 13.1(a) is smaller
2. Distance between two successive bright fringes, x, in Diagram 13.1(b), is smaller
3. The number of fringes in Diagram 13.1(b) is bigger
4. The width of fringes in Diagram 13.1(b) is smaller
5. When the distance between the double-slit and screen, D, increases, the distance
between two successive fringes, x, increases
Question 14 [Waves]
1 . Number of oscillations in Diagram 14(a) is greater than in Diagram 14(b)
2. The amplitude of the wave in Diagram 14(a) is the same as in Diagram 14(b)
3 . The diameter of guitar string in Diagram 14(a) is smaller than diameter of
the string in Diagram 14(b)
4. When the diameter of the string increases , the frequency of the wave decreases
5. The higher the frequency , the higher is the pitch//
As the frequency of the sound decreases, the pitch of the sound also decreases
Question 15 [Electricity]
1. Diagram 15.1 connected in series and Diagram 15.2 connected in parallel
2. The reading of ammeter in Diagram 15.2 is greater than in Diagram 15.1
3. The reading of voltmeter is the same
4. The effective resistance in Diagram 15.2 is smaller than in Diagram 15.1
5. When the effective resistance increases, the current flow decreases.
6. When the circuit is in parallel connection, the effective resistance is smaller
Question 16 [Electromagnetism]
1. The N-pole in Diagram 16(a) moved into the solenoid, the N-pole of the magnet in Diagram
16 (b) moved away from the solenoid.
2. The galvanometer pointer in Diagram 16(a) deflects to the right, the galvanometer pointer in
Diagram 16(b) deflects to the left.
3. When N-pole is moved into the coil, the top of the coil is a N-pole, and tends to repel the
magnet
4. When the N-pole is moved away from the coil, the top of the coil is a S-pole, and thus attracting the
receding N-pole.
5. Lenz’s Law which states that the direction of the induced electromotive force acts in such a way as
to oppose the action which produces it
SULIT 28

29. Question 17 [Electronic]
1 The bulb in Diagram 17.2 does not light up while the bulb in Diagram 17.1 lights up
2. In diagram 17.2 the negative terminal of the cell is connected to the anode.
3. When the anode of the diode is connected to the positive terminal of a cell, the bulb lights up
4. When the diode is in forward bias connection, the current flow
5. Diode allows current to flow in one direction only
Question 18 [Radioactivity]
(ii). Difference:
Nuclear fission involves the fission of heavy nucleus.
Nuclear fusion involves the combination of light nuclei
Similarities:
Decrease/loss of mass after the process occurs.
Neutrons are produced.
E = mc2 // loss of mass/ mass defect directly proportional to the energy released .
Question 19 [Radioactivity]
1. Exponential graph
2. The time taken for the activity to become half of its initial value is constant
3. The time taken for the activity of P to be half of its initial value is constant //5 hrs
4. The time taken for the activity of Q to be half of its initial value is constant //100 s
5. Half-life
VI – PROBLEM SOLVING [QUALITATIVE] (Paper 2 Section A: Question 7; Section B
Question 9/10 )
QUESTION 1
Suggestion Reason
Thermometer is made from transparent
It is not easily broken
glass that is strong
The capillary tube is made narrow and
It is more sensitive
thin
The shape of the thermometer is
It has a magnifying effect
round/streamline
It can measure very low temperature/ not freeze at low
The liquid has low freezing point
temperature
Thin glass bulb’s wall Absorb / transfer heat faster
SULIT 29

30. QUESTION 2
Suggestion Reason
Aerodynamic shape / stream line/ Reduce air resistance
torpedo
Low density material // Lighter //
Strong material// high boiling point Does not break easily// does not melt easily
Boosting combustion // supply oxygen for combustion
Has liquid oxygen
Retro rocket /Has several stages that To decrease mass
can slip/strip off
Increase the size of combustion
More space for the fuel to be burnt
chamber
QUESTION 3
Suggestion Reason
Strong material Do not break easily
Low density Small mass / lighter //o increase the acceleration
Streamline javelin To reduce air resistance
The athlete runs with high speed /has to
To increase kinetic energy/energy/force/ momentum
increase his speed/acceleration
Throw at an angle of 45o / Throw with
To get maximum horizontal distance of throwing
a great force
QUESTION 4
Suggestion Explanation
Shape of the shuttle – conical shape /oval
Allow for better / fast air flow//produce more lift force //
/diagram / aerodynamic
reduce air resistance
Material used for shuttle – feather / small Light// high velocity/ acceleration //further distance
mass/ low density travelled//reduce inertia // smaller mass
Material used for base of the shuttle – Light// high velocity/ acceleration //further distance
cork/ small mass/ low density travelled//reduce inertia // smaller mass
Material used for the string of the racquet –
Not easily broken //withstand high force
strong/ low elasticity
High tension Short time impact// high impulsive force
SULIT 30

31. QUESTION 5
Suggestion Reason
To create sufficient buoyant force due to greater
Balloon should be large size
1 weight of surrounding air displaced.
Balloon material is made of light weight The total weight of the balloon is less than the
2
material like nylon buoyant force//reduce weight
Balloon material should also have a high
3 It will not disintegrate when exposed to hot air
melting point.
The part of the balloon (the skirt) near the
4 burner must be fire resistant /coated with fire So that it doesn’t catch fire easily
resistant material
5 The burner burns (liquefied) propane/gas Warms up the air in the balloon
6 A large fan is needed initially To blow enough air into the balloon
The basket must be made off light and Prolong the collision time between basket and
7 flexible/safe material (e.g. rattan or cane ground// reduce impulsive force when basket hits
woven) the ground
Best times to launch the balloon are early
9 morning and late afternoon when the air is Cool air is denser, providing more buoyant forc
cooler
QUESTION 6
Suggestion Reason
Specific heat capacity of the wok is low Heat up faster / temperature increase faster
Thermal conductivity of the wok is high Can conduct heat faster
Melting point of wok is high Can withstand high temperature
Specific heat capacity of the oil is low Heat up faster
Will not change to vapour easily // cooking at higher
Boiling point of oil is high
temperature
SULIT 31

32. QUESTION 7
Suggestion Reason
Put ice in the cointainer Ice absorbs heat out from the packet drinks.
Add a little water to the ice Heat transfer is faster through the heat conduction.
Container has high specific heat capacity Heat up slower.
White container Does not absorb heat
Insulator // low density Avoid absorb heat from outside into the container // lighter
QUESTION 8
Modification Reason
Sunlight ray will converge / focus to the tank // absorb more
Concave mirror
heat
Reflect more light /focus light at shorter distance// reduce
Radius of curvature is smaller
energy lost
Black Absorb more heat
Low specific heat capacity The temperature rise up faster
Bigger size Receive/collect more light
QUESTION 9
Suggestion Reason
Convex mirror The image formed is virtual, upright an diminished
Large diameter Wider field view
strong Withstand change in weather / does not break easily
Less thickness Avoid multiple image formed / clearer image
At the sharp corner Can reflect the light from opposite direction
SULIT 32

33. QUESTION 10
Suggestion Reason
Longer wavelength/ diffraction easier
Frequency of signal is low
no blocking / capture more signal
The location of transmitter higher
the number of transmitter is more / increase the strength of signal/ increase energy of signal /
many reduce energy lost during transmission
have more energy / can move further
The strength of signal is higher
The distance between two transmitter
increase the strength of signal/ increase energy of signal
is closer
QUESTION 11
Suggestion Reason
Attach switch for each lamp To allows each lamp to be switched on and off independently
Connect the metal fitting lamp to the
To flows electron (extra) to earth to avoid lethal shock
earth wire/cable
Voltage across both bulbs is 240 V / if one bulb blows another
Parallel
bulb can still function.
Using only 240 V light bulb To ensure the bulbs light up with normal brightness
Step down transformer / adapter Reduce the voltage from 240 V to 12 V.
QUESTION 12
Suggestion Reason
Soft spring Give a greater sensitivity/ can detect small changes
Small density Small mass / light
Radial magnetic field, create uniform strength of magnetic
Curve in shape of the magnet
field around the coil
copper coil To reduce energy loss / Low resistance material of the coil
Place the seismometer in direct
to convert very small motions of the earth into electrical signals
contact with the earth
SULIT 33

34. QUESTION 13
Suggestion Reason
OR gate The gate's output is ON if either one sensor is ON
Thermistor Resistance decrease when temperature increase
Base voltage increase, when the temperature increase.
At R1 and R2 Base current flows, collector current flows. Alarm will
triggered.
It converts the electrical signal into sound energy/ Alarm
Replace the lamp or at the collector circuit
triggered when collector current flow.
Relay switch To switch on the alarm which is use a greater voltage
QUESTION 14
Component Function
Filament To heat up the cathode
Cathode Emits electrons
Controls the number of electrons//
Control Grid
control the brightness of the image
on the screen
Focusing anode Focuses the electrons into a beam
Accelerating anode To accelerate electrons to towards the screen
Y-plates To deflect the electron beam vertically
To deflect the electron beam
X-plates
Horizontally
QUESTION 15
Suggestion Reason
Use forcep/robot The distance between the source and the body is far
Wear a mask/goggle The radiation does not penetrate our eyes
Use a lead box/container with thick
To prevent radiation leakage to surroundings
concrete
Keep the exposure time as short as
The body is not exposed to the radiation for a long time
possible
Wear a film bandage To detect the amount of radiation exposed
Put radiation symbol on the storage box To inform the users of dangerous contents of the box
Wear coat lined with lead To protect the body from the radiation
SULIT 34

35. SECTION VII– PROBLEM SOLVING [QUANTITATIVE] (Paper 2 Section C Question 11/12 )
1. (i) impulse = mv – mu
= 1.5 ( -35-40)
= 112.5 kg ms-1
(ii) Impulsive force = mv-mu
t
= 140.625 N
2. (i) 900 N
(ii) F – 900 N = 1000 (2)
F = 2 900 N
3. (i) v = 18 x1000 = 5 ms-1
60 x 60
a =v – u
t
=5 –0
10
= 0.5 ms-2
(ii) F = ma
= ( 202) (0.5)
= 101 N
4. (i)Spring constant P , k =F = 6N
x 12 cm
= 0.5 Ncm-1
Spring constant Q, k = F = 3N
x 12 cm
= 0.75 N cm-1
5. (i) Buoyant force = weight of the boat
ρV g = 250 (10)
V = 0.25 m-3
(ii) Weight of the boat + weight of the load = buoyant force
2500 + WL = 1000 (4) (10)
SULIT 35

36. WL= 40 000 – 2500
= 3 7500 N
Mass of load = 3 750 kg
6. (i) F = 500 x 40
= 20 000 N
(ii) Resultant force = 20 000 – 800 (10)
= 12000 N
(iii) F = ma
a = 12 000
800
=15 ms-2
7. (i) F1 = F2
A1 A2
F2 = 6N ( 1.2)
0.2
= 36 N
(ii) V1 = V2
A1h1 = A2h2
h2 = 1.2 (0.2)
1.2
= 0.2 cm
8. (i) F = ρVg
= 1020 (2)(10)
= 20 400 N
(ii) Buoyant Force = weight of the boat + weight of the box
20 400 N = 15 000 + W
W = 5 400N
9. (i) Mass,m =ρV
= 800 x 0.004
= 3.2 kg
(ii) Pt = mc
2 500 (t) = 3.2 (2 000) (130)
t = 332.8 s
SULIT 36

37. 10. (i) 1/f = 1/u+1/v
1/-15 = 1/20 + 1/v
v = - 8.6 cm
(ii) Magnification = v/u
= 8.6 / 20
= 0.43
(iii) virtual, upright and diminished
11. (i) 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
1/5 = ½ +1/v 2
v = -3.33 cm
2
(ii) m = v/u
=3.33/2
= 1.67 times
sin 𝑖 1
(i) 𝑛=
12. sin 𝑟 1
sin 𝜃 1
1.5 =
sin 30 𝑜 1
sin  = 0.75 1
 = 48.6o
1
(ii) 𝑛=
sin 𝑐
1
1.5 =
sin 
 = 41.8 oC
sin 𝑏
(iii)1.5 =
sin 40 𝑜
sin b = 0.9642
b = 74.6o
β = 15.4o
2
13. (i) 4 cm 1
(ii) 5 Hz 2
(iii) 20 cm s-1
14. (i) Np= Vp
SULIT 37

38. Ns Vs
= 240
12
= 20
Ratio = 20 : 1
(ii) P = IV
I = 60 /12
=5A
(iii) 80 = Po x 100
Pi
80 = 60x 100
Ip (240)
Ip = 0.3125A
15. eV = ½ me v2
1.6 x 10-19 (3 x 103) = ½ (9.0 x 10-31) v2
v = 3.27 x 107 m s-1
(i)
16. (i) 1 ½ ¼ 1/8
(ii)
(iii) 3T½ = 3 X 8 days
= 24 days
(ii) 32 days = 32/8
= 4 T½
20 mg 10 mg 5 mg 2.5 mg 1.25 mg
or
(½)4 X 20 = 5/4
= 1.25 mg
SECTION VIII A – Paper 3 Section A
Question 1
a (i) Angle of incidence / i
(ii) Angle of refraction / r // sin r
(iii) Refractive index of the glass block
(b) & (c)
i sin i r sin r
15o 0.2588 11o 0.1908
SULIT 38

39. 30o 0.5000 20o 0.3420
45o 0.7071 29o 0.4848
60o 0.8660 36o 0.5878
75o 0.9659 41o 0.6561
(d) Draw graph sinr against sin i corecltly
(e) sin i is directly proportional to sin r
Question 2
QUESTION ANSWER MARK
a) (i) d increases as t increase 1
1
 Draw a dotted line at t = 0.4 s
(show on the
graph)
a) (ii)
 d = 0.46 m
1
(answer + unit)
 Draw a tangent line at t = 0.5s
 Draw a big triangle (shown on the graph)
1
5
PQ 1.64 - 0 1
b) (i)
Gradient, m = =
QR 0.7 – 0.31
1
(shows the
working)
-1
= 4.2051 ms
1
2m (2)( 4.2051) 1
(substitution)
b) (ii) a = =
T 0.5 (correct answer
+ unit; 2 to 4
1
d.p.)
c) (i) Velocity 1
(answer + unit)
-2
= 16.8204 ms
c) (ii) Velocity increases as time increase 1
SULIT 39

40. QUESTION ANSWER MARK
Avoid parallax error by making sure the eye is perpendicular to the scale of
d) 1
metre rule when measuring displacement
TOTAL 12
SULIT 40

41. SECTION VIII B– EXPERIMENT (Paper 3 Section B)
Question1 [Force and Motion]
No Answer
Inference The force affects the acceleration
(a)
(b) Hypothesis The greater the force, the greater the acceleration
(c) i. Aim To investigate the relationship between the force and the acceleration
ii. Variables
Manipulated variable : Force. F (weight of the load)
Responding variable : acceleration, a
Fixed variable : Mass of the trolley, m
iii. List of apparatus
and materials
A trolley, runway, ticker- timer, ticker-tape, power supply,metre rule and
wooden block
States the workable arrangement of the apparatus
a.c power supply
Set up
Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
States the method of controlling the manipulated variable
Use load of F = 0.5 N to pull the trolley down the runway.
States the method of measuring the responding variable
Switch on the power supply and release the trolley.
Cut the ticker tape into 5-tick strips and a tape chart for the motion of the trolley
is made.
v u
Calculate the acceleration of the using a  and record the data.
t
SULIT 41

42. No Answer
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
Repeat the experiment by using F = 1.0 N, 1.5 N, 2.0 N, 2.5, N and 3.0 N.
Tabulating of data
Force, F/ N acceleration , a /cms-2
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
State how data will be analysed
Plot graph of acceleration against Force
a/cms-2
F/N
SULIT 42

43. QUESTION 2 (FORCE AND MOTION)
No Answer
(a) Inference The mass affects the acceleration
(b) hypothesis The greater the mass, the smaller the acceleration
(c) i. Aim To investigate the relationship between the mass and the acceleration
ii. Variables
Manipulated variable : mass. m
Responding variable : acceleration, a
Fixed variable : Mass of the trolley, m
A trolley, runway, ticker- timer, ticker-tape, power supply,metre rule and
wooden block
iii. List of apparatus
and materials
States the workable arrangement of the apparatus
a.c power supply
Set up
the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
Use load of F = 0.5 N to pull the trolley down the runway.
States the method of controlling the manipulated variable
Use trolley with the mass, m = 500 g
States the method of measuring the responding variable
Switch on the power supply and release the trolley.
Cut the ticker tape into 5-tick strips and a tape chart for the motion of the trolley
is made.
v u
Calculate the acceleration of the using a  and record the data.
t
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
SULIT 43

44. No Answer
Repeat the experiment by using m = 1000 g, 1500 g, 2000 g and 2500 g
Tabulating of data
Mass, m/ g acceleration , a /cms-2
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
State how data will be analysed
Plot graph of acceleration against Mass
a/cms-2
m/g
Question3 [Force and Motion]
No Answer
(a) Inference The speed affects the position of the driver when the car stops suddenly
(b) Hypothesis The greater the speed, the longer the distance to stop
(c) i. Aim To investigate the relationship between the speed and the distance
ii. Variables Manipulated variable : the height , h (the more the height, the greater the
speed)
Responding variable : the distance, s
Constant variable : the mass, m
iii. List of apparatus runway, load, trolley, ticker timer and ticker tape, power supply, metre rule.
and materials
SULIT 44

45. No Answer
Labeled diagram:
Inclined plane
s
h
Measure the height, h =10.0 cm of the inclined plane from the surface.
Let the trolley moves down the inclined plane.
h
Calculate the speed of the trolley, v from the ticker tape obtained.
s
Measure the forward distance of the load, s
Repeat the experiment with h = 15.0 cm, 20.0 cm, 25.0 cm, 30.0 cm and 35.0
cm.
height, h / Forward distance, s
speed, v (cms-1)
cm (cm)
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
The graph(axis) of s against v or h is drawn
TOTAL
Question 4 [Force and Motion]
No Answer
(a) Inference The compression of the spring affects the vertical distance of the projectile
(b) hypothesis The greater the compression of the spring, the greater the vertical distance of
the projectile
(c) i. Aim To investigate the relationship between the compression of the spring and the
ii. Variables vertical distance of the projectile
Manipulated variable : compression of the spring. x
Responding variable : vertical distance of the projectile, a
Fixed variable : Mass of the ping pong ball, m
iii. List of apparatus
and materials A spring, ping pong ball,metre rule
SULIT 45

46. No Answer
States the workable arrangement of the apparatus
Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
States the method of controlling the manipulated variable
Compress the spring, x = 1.0 cm with the ping pong ball
States the method of measuring the responding variable
Release the ping pong ball
Measure the maximum distance of the ping pong ball, h using metre rule.
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
Repeat the experiment by using x = 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm, 2.5, cm and 3.0 cm.
Tabulating of data
Compression of vertical distance of the projectile ,
the spring, x/ cm h /cm
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
State how data will be analysed
SULIT 46

47. No Answer
Plot graph of h against x
h/cm
x/cm
Question 5 [Force and Pressure]
No Answer
(a) Inference State a suitable inference
The pressure exerted on the surface depends on the area of contact.
Hypothesis State a relevant hypothesis
(b) When the area decrease, the pressure increases
(i) Aim State the aim of experiment
To investigate the relationship between the area of contact and
pressure (depth of hole).
(ii) Variables State the suitable manipulated variables and responding variable (Quantity
that can be measured)
(c) ( Manipulated variable : Area of contact object.
i Responding variable : pressure exerted (depth of hole)
)
State the constant variable
Force applied (using 1 kg load)
(iii) List of State the complete list of apparatus and materials
Apparatus and
Materials Vernier caliper, soft plasticine, ruler, Load 1 kg, the object with different surface
area but same weight.
Draw the functional arrangement of the apparatus
SULIT 47

48. No Answer
State the method to control the manipulated variable
2
Measure the bottom area of the wooden block with vernier caliper/ruler, A 1 cm .
Place the wooden block on the plasticine.
Place the 1 kg load on the top of the wooden block.
State the method to measure the responding variable
Remove the load and wooden block. Measure the depth of hole using vernier
caliper and record it.
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times with the values
Procedure 2 and Procedure 3 are repeated using A2,A3,A4,and A5
(Note : Based on SPM standard , at least five manipulated values required.)
State how the data tabulated with the title MV and RV
2
Area of contact/ cm Depth,x /mm
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
State how the data is analysed, plot a graph RV against MV
Depth,x/mm
2
(v) Area of contact,A/ cm
Question 6 [Force and Pressure]
No Answer
Inference State a suitable inference
(a) The pressure of liquid is depends on the depth
(b) ypothesis State a relevant hypothesis
The pressure of liquid increases as its depth increases.
(c) (ii) Aim State the aim of experiment
To investigate the relationship between the pressure and depth.
(ii) Variables State the manipulated variable and the responding variable
Manipulated : Depth, h
Responding : The pressure of liquid, P (difference of length of the liquid in
SULIT 48