The document discusses motivation from a psychological perspective. It defines motivation as a feature that arouses individuals to act towards goals and sustain goal-directed behaviors. Motivation has roots in physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and social areas, and can originate from basic needs or inner drives. Theories of motivation discussed include drive reduction, drive induction, hedonism, incentive theory, and humanism. Motivation is important in education as it can direct behavior towards goals, increase effort and persistence, and improve performance. Motivation is key to success as it helps people get started, keep moving forward despite obstacles, do more than necessary, and make the journey towards success an enjoyable one.

1. SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY-
MOTIVATION

2. Motivation
is a psychological feature that arouses an
individual to act towards a desired goal
and elicits, controls and sustains certain
goal directed behaviors.
 arousal of interest that directs the
learner towards a goal.
 The process that gives behavior purpose
and direction.
 The general energizer for behavior.

3. Motivation
 Motivation has been shown to have roots in
physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and
social areas. Motivation may be rooted in a
basic impulse to optimize well-being,
minimize physical pain and maximize
pleasure. It can also originate from
specific physical needs such as eating,
sleeping or resting, and sex.
 Motivation is an inner drive to behave or
act in a certain manner. These inner
conditions such as wishes, desires, goals,
activate to move in a particular direction in
behavior.

4. MOTIVATION
LEARNING
MEMORY
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENTAL
PSYCHOLOGY
EMOTION
SENSORY
PSYCHOLOGY
PERCEPTION
MOTIVATION

5. Motivation is a very important construct in educational
psychology. Its is generally defined as the intervening
variable involved in arousing, directing, and sustaining
behavior.
 It is a hypothetical construct. It cannot observe
directly. Rather, it is inferred from a person’s
observable behavior. As in inference, it is subject
to change and is a rich area of investigation.
 It is not the only factor that determines
behavior. For behavior is complex and has
multiple causes. Poor academic performance
cannot be attribute to poor motivation. It could
result from interplay of motivation with low
mental capacity and lack of or absence of
environment support.

6. Behavior cont.
 Motivational behavior is selective and
directional. Having direction,
attention of the individual is focused
to a particular goal.
 Motivation leads to persistent
behavior. The learner persists to
reach a perceived goal.

7. Motivation is of particular interest to educational
psychologists because of the crucial role it plays in student
learning.
Motivation in education can have several effects on how
students learn and how they behave towards subject
matter. It can:
 Direct behavior toward particular goals
 Lead to increased effort and energy
 Increase initiation of, and persistence in, activities
 Enhance cognitive processing
 Determine what consequences are reinforcing
 Lead to improved performance.
 Controls and directs human behavior
 Inculcates spiritual and moral values in the minds of
the young
 Gives satisfaction and happiness to the individual

8. CLASSIFICATION OF MOTIVES
 Biological and
physiological Drives >
innate inborn stimuli
such as desires for
food, water etc.
 Psychological Drives>
required, learned or
derives, such as
security, safety and
belongingness
 Creativity or self-
actualization Drives>
general or consious
drives/motives
> desire to do
something exceptional
for good of humanity

9. TYPES OF MOTIVATION
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
 occurs when people are
internally motivated to
do something because it
either brings them
pleasure, they think it
is important, or they
feel that what they are
learning is significant.
 comes into play when a
student is compelled to
do something or act a
certain way because of
factors external to him
or her (like money or
good grades).

10. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
 DRIVE REDUCTION:
The Drive Reduction Theory grows out of the concept
that people have certain biological drives, such as
hunger. As time passes the strength of the drive
increases if it is not satisfied (in this case by eating).
Upon satisfying a drive the drive's strength is
reduced. When preparing food, the drive model
appears to be compatible with sensations of rising
hunger as the food is prepared and after the food has
been consumed, a decrease in subjective hunger.
Claims you are motivated to do things to restore a
sense of balance in your life. Your motivation is a
combination of your environment and experience, as
well as your biology. Biological needs are called
"primary drives," while learned needs are known as
"secondary drives."

11.  DRIVE INDUCTION: AROUSAL
The arousal theory of motivation suggests
that people take certain actions to either
decrease or increase levels of arousal.
When arousal levels get too low, for
example, a person might watch and
exciting movie or go for a jog. When
arousal levels get too high, on the other
hand, a person would probably look for
ways to relax such as meditating or
reading a book. According to this theory,
we are motivated to maintain an optimal
level of arousal, although this level can
vary based on the individual or the
situation.

12.  HEDONISTIC THEORY
focus on pleasure as the primary
motivation. According to Frued,
human nature is motivated toward
pleasure and away from pain, he
termed this as “pleasure principle.”
( pupils are pleased to work at their
own pace and appreciate the
elimination of public embarassment
over making mistake).

13.  INCENTIVE THEORY
The incentive theory suggests that people
are motivated to do things because of
external rewards. For example, you
might be motivated to go to work each
day for the monetary reward of being
paid. Behavioral learning concepts such
as association and reinforcement play
an important role in this theory of
motivation.Need is probably the
greatest source of motivation and the
desire to satisfy the needs is the
strongest motive.

14.  Humanistic Theory
The humanistic theory of motivation
subscribes to the idea that you are
motivated to develop yourself into the
best person possible. This theory is based
on the theories of humanists, who believe
that people naturally "seek the frontiers
of creativity, the highest reaches of
consciousness and wisdom," explained
Janet A. Simons in "Psychology --- The
Search for Understanding." In other
words, you are motivated to do your best
in everything simply because you are
human.

15. MOTIVATION TECHNIQUES
(CAGE and BERLINER)
 Use verbal praise
 Use tests and grade
judiciously
 Capitalize on the
arousal value of
suspense, discovery,
curiosity and
exploration
 Occasionally do the
unexpected
 Whet the appetite
 Use familiar materials for
example
 Use unique and
unexpected contexts when
applying concepts and
principles
 Require use of what has
been previously learned
 Use situations and games
 Minimize the unpleasant
consequences of student
involvement.

16. Why Is Motivation Important?

17. Everyone wants to be successful. But to be successful, there
is an important thing you must have and that is motivation.
Here are four reasons why motivation is important for
success.
Motivation helps you get started.
Have you noticed the difference
between working on something you like
and working on something you don't
like? I'm sure you can feel the
difference. When you're motivated
about something, you can work on it
effortlessly. Nobody needs to force
you to work. Nobody needs to tell you
to move. In fact, you are waiting for
the opportunity to work. Since getting
started is perhaps the most difficult
part of getting things done, being
motivated is tremendously helpful for
you.

18. Motivation helps you keep moving.
Getting started is one thing but keep
moving is another thing. Whatever you do,
there are always obstacles along the way
that can hinder you from achieving
success. If you don't have motivation, it's
easy to get discouraged when you meet
such obstacles. That's why motivation
often makes the difference between
winners and losers. Winners are those
who can go through challenges and
difficulties, thanks to their motivation.
Losers, on the other hand, are those who
can't go through challenges and
difficulties since they lack the necessary
motivation.

19. Motivation makes you do more than
necessary.
If you are motivated about
something you will voluntarily
do more about it than what is
required from you. You will
naturally go further and dig
deeper than other people since
you love to do it. While other
people will only do what is
necessary, you do more than
that. In such situation, there is
a good chance that you will be
more successful than others.

20. Motivation makes the journey fun.
People who don't have
motivation will think that the
journey to success is long and
difficult. Those who are
motivated look at it differently.
The journey is still long, but it's
an enjoyable journey. Not only can
they endure it, they actually have
fun along the way. Of course,
there are always times when
things aren't good, but motivation
enables you to endure such
difficult times.

21. PreparedandPresentedby:SHARON
FAJILAGUTAN-GEROQUIA