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SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT
ON
FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS ON TATA MOTORS
Submitted in partial fulfillment of Post Graduate Diploma in
management(2014-2016)
PROJECT GUIDE SUBMITTED BY.
Mrs.Sapna jain Name-Shivam saxena
PGDM 2 YEAR
ROLL NO.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I take this opportunity to express my profound sense of gratitude and respect to
all those who have helped me to successfully complete my project.
I would like to thank my revered teachersMrs.Sapna jain who furnished our
theoretical &practical knowledge of the subject which made our project
completion easier.
I express my deeprevernence& regards to my respected respected parents Mr.
DeepakSaxena& Mrs. MeenuSaxena who’s affection andprayers have
always .
Been a source of inspiration & guidance of mine throughoutmy academic
achievement& exploration without which it would nothave beenpossible for
the presentwork to see the light of the day.
Aboveall I thank almighty godfor his manifold mercies to carry the studies
successfully.
SHIVAMSAXENA
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DECLARATION
I Shivam saxena ,Roll no. student of PGDM of institute of
management studies Noida ,hereby declare that the project report on
Fundametal analysis of automobile industry at Abhipra capital Ltd. Is
an original and authenticated work done by me.
I further declared that it has not been submitted else where by any other
person in any of the institute for the award of any degree or diploma.
Shivam saxena
18.may.2015-18.july.2015
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CONTENTS
S.NO TOPIC PAGE
NO.
1 Executive summary of the report
2 Introduction of the company
(a) Company profile
(b) Milestones and awards
(c) Organizational structure
3 Introduction of the topic
4 Need of the study
5 Objectives of the study
6 Literature review
7 Research methodology.
8 Ratio analysis
9 Key financial growth of the company
10 Future projections
11 Findings
12. Suggestion &limitations
13 Conclusion
14 Bibliography
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Success of the Indian auto components industry has attracted worldwide
attention. The industry has evolved frombeing strictly regulated to being an
important global outsourcing destination. D&B Industry Research Service’s report
on the Indian Auto Components Industry attempts to explore various facets of the
industry, to analyse the factors that influence its performanceand the likely
impact of such factors in future. Some of the emerging trends and concerns facing
the industry identified in the reportare listed below.
• Industry structure is fragmented, as more than 90% players arein unorganised
sector.
• Originalequipment manufacturers (OEMs) arethe major sourceof demand.
• Healthy demand prospects prevail in both domestic and export markets.
• Indian auto component manufacturers areramping up production capacities to
match growing domestic as well as export demand.
• Increased focus on developing R&D and design & engineering skills.
• Raw material costs surging, hence, margins are under pressure.
• Moremergers and acquisitions are taking place.
• Industry’s thrustis on increasing export turnover.
• Competition is intensifying.
• Companies are diversifying their businesses.
Section I - Industry Dynamics The Indian auto components industry has evolved
froma small, government-regulated and slow-growth-industry in early 1990s to a
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multi-segment, export-oriented industry that is witnessing rapid growth and high
competition due to changes in the government’s policy regime. The once-
protective governmentpolicies havebeen relaxed to a great extent now in a bid
to attract foreign capital and adopttechnology across borders so thata globally-
competitive industry is developed. The industry structurecomprises over 20,000
auto components that are classified under different segments — such as engine
parts, electrical parts, etc — based on the purposes they serve. The industry
domain has expanded rapidly over the years and in FY07 it accommodated over
10,000 players; allthis factors havelent supportto the highly fragmented
structureof the industry, with no company enjoying a major market share.
Another notable feature of this industry is cluster formation whereby
manufacturers basethemselves in proximity to OEMs for assured business. Even
the governmenthas been fostering development of such clusters apartfrom
promoting SEZs.
SectionII – Global perspective As globalOEMs havecut production of vehicles,
owing to slowdown in automobile industry, auto componentplayers’
performances havebeen affected globally. Furthermore, costpressures arealso
taking a toll on the overseas auto components industry. Major automobile
markets like the US are witnessing a decline and profits of international auto
component players like Magna, Denso, Delphi, Robert Bosch and Johnson Control
are taking a beating from rising raw material prices, high employee costs and
sluggish demand. India and Chinese auto componentindustries have not faced
the bruntof this slowdown owing to their low-costadvantage, as overseas
companies are eyeing low-costmanufacturing destinations like them to outsource
components and to set up their own facilities. India has a miniscule sharein global
trade of auto components and was a net importer in FY07; however, the industry
players plan to increase exports and to take India’s sharein global trade to around
3% by FY16. Exports to OEMs constitute around 75 per cent of the total exports
and exports to replacement market makes up for the balance 25 per cent. India
generally exports low-end, low-costcomponents and majority of its exports go to
the European market followed by the US. However, as India’s engineering and
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technological skills haveadvanced over the years, it is looking at tapping
technology-intensiveproductmarkets also
SectionIII – Industry Performance During the five year period ending FY07, the
net sales of the industry havegrown at a CAGRof 16.6 per cent while its
operating and net profits have accelerated at 15 per cent and 26 per cent
respectively. Operating margins of the industry has been stable in the rangeof 14
– 15 per cent despite rising prices of raw material. Raw material expenses have
increased at a CAGR of 20.1 per cent for five years ending FY07. The industry has
been successfulin maintaining its operating efficiencies due to various cost
reduction strategies adopted by players like entering into long term contracts
with raw material suppliers. Thecompanies havebeen focusing on procuring bulk
orders for higher volumeof sales. III ExecutiveSummary Financialperformanceof
the industry is expected to be average in the coming years and growth is likely to
be volume-driven rather than realisation-driven. Exports turnover is expected to
augment much faster than domestic turnover, as rising raw material prices, which
has the largestshare in net sales, will continue to squeeze industry margins in
spite of handsomegrowth in net sales.
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Automobile industry in India is an emerging sector and has a potential to
improve it. The key players have framed the strategies to tap the sector
as per their features of the automotives. The increasing GDP and
economical resources have boost up during the last decade which has
increased purchasing power of the Indian peoples. The car segment in
India has emerged as one of the promising sector and has shown growth
trends in tremendous sales. Tata Motors has emerged as key player in
Indian automobile industry and its share in Commercial Vehicles
has 63.94%, Passenger Vehicles 16.45%. Tata Motors Limited is
India’s largest automobile company, with consolidated revenues of
USD 14 billion in 2008-09. It is the leader in commercial vehicles and
among the top three in passenger vehicles. Maruti Suzuki India Limited,
a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan, one of the India's
largest passenger car companies has grabbed a share for over 45% of the
domestic car market. Other key players in automobile segment of India
have contributed significantly and their existence in market has made
others players to act actively in India.
Despite economic slowdown, the Indian automobile sector has shown
high growth. The passenger vehicle market, which constitutes around
80% of automobile sales, has immense growth potential as passenger car
stock stood at around 11 per 1,000 people in 2008.
Anticipating the future market potential, the production of passenger
vehicle is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of around 10% from 2009-10 to
2012-13.
De-licensing in 1991 has put the Indian automobile industry on a new
growth track, attracting foreign auto giants to set up their production
facilities in the country to take advantage of various benefits it offers.
This took the Indian automobile production from 5.3 Million Units in
2001-02 to 10.8 Million Units in 2007-08. The other reasons attracting
global auto manufacturers to India
are the country’s large middle class population, growing earning power,
strong technological capability and availability of trained manpower at
competitive prices. These are the major findings of our new report,
'Indian Automobile Sector - A Booming Market” In 2006-07, the Indian
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automotive industry provided direct employment to more than 300,000
people, exported auto component worth around US$ 2.87 Billion, and
contributed 5% to the GDP. Due to this large contribution of the industry
in the national economy, the Indian government lifted the requirement
of forging joint ventures for foreign companies, which attracted global to
the Indian market to establish their plants, resulting in heightened
automobile production. The Indian automobile market is currently
dominated by two-wheeler segment but in future, the demand for
passenger cars and commercial vehicles will increase with industrial
development.Also, as India has low vehicle presence it possesses
substantial potential for growth.
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HISTORY OF TATA MOTORS
Absolute returns
TATAMOTORS SENSEX
1 Years -2.24% 9.31%
3 Years 75.00% 63.38%
4 Years 124.04% 52.02%
About the Company
Current price BSE 435.10
Current price NSE 434.60
Market Capitalisation 119074.39
Face value Rs. 2
EPS (TTM) Rs. 29.28
P/E 14.86
Sector Automobiles
No of shares 2736713122
BSE 52 week high 612.05
BSE 52 week low 418.00
NSE 52 week high 612.40
NSE 52 week low 417.25
BSE Sensex 27893.22
Nifty 8400.55
Average Volume BSE 614908.55
Average Volume NSE 7635073.00
BSE Code 500570
NSE Symbol TATAMOTORS
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Founded in 1945, Tata Motors Limited (“Tata Motors”or the “Company”) is
among the largest automobile manufacturing companies in the world by volume,
and has presence across a range of passenger and commercial vehicles.
Tata Motors, the first company from India's engineering sectorto be listed on the
New York StockExchange (September 2004), has emerged as an automobile
company of global repute, spanning 182 countries across six continents through
subsidiaries and associate companies. Tata Motors had 64 (direct and indirect)
subsidiaries (9 in India and 55 abroad) and 9 associate companies and 2 Joint
Ventures as at March 31, 2012.
The Company’s manufacturing base in India is spread across Jamshedpur
(Jharkhand), Pune (Maharashtra), Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), Pantnagar
(Uttarakhand), Sanand (Gujarat) and Dharwad (Karnataka). Through subsidiaries
and associate companies, the Company's operations are spread across the UK,
South Korea, Thailand, Spain and South Africa. Among its portfolio of brands is
the Jaguar Land Rover ("JLR"), a business comprising the two iconic British
brands that was acquired in 2008. JLR operates two state of the art engineering and
design facilities and three manufacturing plants (Solihull, Castle Bromwich &
Halewood) in the UK.
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The methodology used to find out the trends and the market share
of TATA motors .
The research takes into account the past & the current trends in an
economy.
Despite economic slowdown ,the Indian automobile sector has
shown high growth.
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OBJECTIVES OF THE
STUDY
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To study the Ratio analysis of Tata motors.
To analyse the trend of Tata motors automobile industry.
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To study the factors contributing to the growth of Tata
motors.
LITERATURE
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REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW
Every major shift in policies made by the Indian government, the
automotive industry has come out stronger and better. While the shift in
policies seems to have mostly been brought by chance events, the Indian
government has at least to be credited for making the right decisions and
implementing them correctly. It is paradoxical that the Indian middle
class, the most attractive feature for foreign investment in the
liberalization phase, was an outcome of the statist ideologies
in the regulatory phase. The product innovations of domestic firms like
Tata Motors and Bajaj Auto today are the fruits of indigenization and
protection policies of the regulatory phases . Buyer decision processes
are the decision making processes undertaken by consumers in regard
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to a potential market transaction before, during, and after the purchase of
a product or service. Consumers have to make different kinds of
decisions everyday according to their different needs.
Some of the decisions are playing critical roles in consumers’ daily life,
for example, purchasing a new home or purchasing a car, whereas
sometimes the decisions are made on a virtually
automatic basis. There are not a lot published research articles available
on the decision-framing process. Puto, C. proposed a conceptual model
of the buying decision framing process, This model focuses on the
information search phase which includes two reference
points: an initial which is internal to the company-expectations and
buying objectives, and a final one that takes into account the sales
message and justification/reward of the offer. These two
stages lead to the final choice
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The procedure adopted for conducting the research a lot of attention as it
has direct bearing on accuracy , reliability and adequacy of results
obtained it is due to this reason that research methodology ,which we
used at the time of conducting the research ,needs to be elaborated upon
,research methodology is a way of to systematically study ,he must
clearly state the methodology adapted in conducting the research so that
it may be judged by the reader whether the methodology of a work is
sound or not.
Research design
In the fundamental analysis of AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY industry
Quantitative exploration research design to be used to interpret the
financial position of the company.
A research design is the arrangement of condition for collection and
analysis data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research
purpose with economy procedure .research design is the conceptual
sturucture with in which research in conducted the blueprint for the
collection measurement and analysis the data
A research design is a framework for the study and is used as a guide in
collection and analyzing data the design is such studies must be rigid
and not flexible and most focus attention on the following
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Data collection
it is the most important part of any project for my project work I have
used secondary data as the main basic of my study these data are
collected from company and their website I had collected the data by
both annual report and balance sheet of the company that I had selected
for my project work for fundamental analysis the period of the study for
project work is of eight week from 18.may.2015-18.july.2015
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EPS (Earning per share)
Earnings per share (EPS) is the portion of a company’s profit that is allocated to
each outstanding share of common stock, serving as an indicator of the company’s
profitability. It is often considered to be one of the most important variables in
determining a stock’s value, and it comprises the “E” part of the P/E (price-
earnings) valuation ratio. EPS is calculated as:
Particulars FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Total Income
from
Operations
(Rs. Cr.)
70,938.85 92,519.25 1,23,133.3 1,65,654.5 1,88,817.63
Growth (%) - 30.42 % 33.09 % 34.53 % 13.98 %
PAT
(Rs. Cr.)
(2,465.00) 2,516.89 9,220.79 13,573.91 9,862.49
Growth (%) - (202.11 %) 266.36 % 47.21 % (27.34 %)
Earnings Per
Share –
Basic (Rs. )
(11.38) 9.73 31.05 42.58 31.02
Earning Per
Share -
Diluted
(Rs. )
(11.38) 8.93 28.97 40.71 30.94
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This compares assets which will become liquid within approximately twelve
months with liabilities which will be due for payment in the same period and is
intended to indicate whether there are sufficient short –term liabilities
.recommended current ratio is 2:1 .Any ratio below indicates that the entity may
face liquidity problem but also ratio over 2:1 as above indicates over trading that is
the entity is under utilizing its current assets.
1)Current ratio=current assets/current liabilities Rs.In crore
2013-14 2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10
Currentassets 9,680.36 12,041.84 14,969.54 14,350.14 12,329.48
Current
liabilities 16,042.24 18,781.24 23,881.64 19,538.96 19,672.73
Ratio (times)
0.60 0.64 0.62 0.73 0.62
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Interpretation- It can be observed that current ratio of tata motors varied
between 0.62:1 and 0.73:1 during the period from 2012-13 to 2013-14.Usually , a
current ratio 0.60 is considered to the standard to indicate sound liquidity position
and current ratio of tata motors in 2009-10 is 0.60 which is quite good for this
point of view but it is considerably fluctuating from the consecutive five years
which is serious matter of thinking for management . In 2013-14 current liabilities
Is decreased in comparisonto previous year.
9,680.36
12,041.84
14,969.54 14,350.14
12,329.48
16,042.24
18,781.24
23,881.64
19,538.96 19,672.73
0.00
5,000.00
10,000.00
15,000.00
20,000.00
25,000.00
30,000.00
1 2 3 4 5
Current assets
Current liabilities
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2.QUICK RATIO
This shows that , provided creditors and debtors are paid at
approximately the same time, a view might be made as to whether the
business has sufficient liquid resources to meet its current liability . A
company in the service industry will not have inventories as such current
ratio will not significantly be different from the current ratio.
This ratio should ideally be 1, for companies with a slow inventory
turnover . For companies with a faster inventory turnover , a quick ratio
can be less than 1 without suggesting that the company should be in cash
flow trouble . Both current and quick ratio offer an indication of the
company ‘s liquidity position , but the absolute figures should be 2:1 for
the current ratio and 1:1 for quick ratio but these should only be used as
a guide . Different business operate in very different ways.
2 Quick ratio-current assets-inventory/current liability Rs In
crore
2013-2014 2012-2013 2011-2012 2010-2011 2009-10
Quick assets
5817.83 7586.81 10381.31 10458.75 9393.89
Quick
liabilities 16,042.24 18,781.24 23,881.64 19,538.96 19,672.73
Ratio (times)
0.36 0.40 0.55 0.53 0.47
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Interpretation- Currentassets minusinventory arequick assets and on an
average , it has been maintained at Rs.0.36 in 2013-14for every rupeeof -
quick liabilities . The currentratio and quick ratio of TATA motors reflect that
short – term liability and solvency is in safety and it of couse determined how
the short-term financial obligation of the firm would be met under under such
Sound financialposition .The combined interpretation of these two ratios
reflects that the interest of short –term creditors is at all protected by
adequate solvency and liquidity of far from money assets.
5817.83
7586.81
10381.31 10458.75
9393.89
16,042.24
18,781.24
23,881.64
19,538.96 19,672.73
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
1 2 3 4 5
Quick assets
Current liabilities
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3. INVENTORY TURNOVER RATIO
The ratio is aimed at checking how vigorous the entity is trading .It
measures approximately the number of times an entity is able to acquire
the inventories and coinvert them into sales . A lengthening inventory
turnover period from one accounting year to the next indicates:
1) A slow down in trading; or
2) A build in inventory levels ,perhaps suggesting that the investment
in inventories is becoming positive.
The higher turnover ratio is good for the firm , but several aspects of
inventory holding policy have to be balanced .
1) Lead times
2) Seasonal fluctuations in orders
3) Alternatives use of warehouse space
4) Bulk discounts.
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Interpretation- It indicates extremely is bad bad. The ratio indicates
how slow inventory is sold . A low ratio is bad from the viewpoint of
liquidity and vice-versa . Inventory turnover ratio decreses from 12.80
times in 2011-12 to 8.24 times in 2013-14.the trend shows inventory
turnover ratio decreases . However , on overall analysis , it may opined
that inventory management is not satisfactory.
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P/E Ratio (price earning ratio)
The price-earnings ratio indicates the dollar amount an investor can
expect to invest in a company in order to receive one dollar of that
company’s earnings. This is why the P/E is sometimes referred to as the
multiple because it shows how much investors are willing to pay per
dollar of earnings. If a company were currently trading at a multiple
(P/E) of 20, the interpretation is that an investor is willing to pay $20 for
$1 of current earnings.
REMEMBER
are anticipating higher growth
in the future.
-25 times earnings.
The price-earnings ratio can be calculated as:
Market Value per Share / Earnings per Share
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FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Majorfindings and conclusions drawn fromthe study arelisted below
- 1. 71 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards low
engine capacity cars to get higher fuel efficiency. It shows that in future only
cars giving higher fuel efficiency will be preferred by Indian consumers.
2. 73percent of the respondents have shown their preference toward small
cars as due to increased traffic and congestion on roads. As vehicle
population is increasing continuously and size of city roads started appearing
narrow, it can be concluded that small cars will prove sustainable in the
future.
3. 74 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards small cars
due to parking convenience of roads. In cities due to phenomenal increase in
number of vehicles, parking is proving to be a big problem. Parking of small
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cars is a bit easy and therefore, in future people are likely to prefer small
cars. 211
4. In recent past car manufacturers have launched a number of models of
small cars with comparable features of big cars, consequently small car
owners can now enjoy all these features in small cars also. In all 73 percent
of respondents have expressed their happiness due to this reason endorsed
the purchase of small car.
5. In India still personal disposable income of majority of respondent is not
so high that they can afford to buy a big car and therefore, 71 percent of the
total respondents have expressed their opinion that their disposable income
permit them to buy only a small car and thus small cars are going to be
sustainable in Indian car market.
6. In India due to increase in literacy rate and also desire to lead a
comfortable life have induced the people to observe small family norm,
which can easily be accommodated in small cars, the of choice people is,
therefore, shifting towards small cars. 70 percent of total respondents have
expressed the view that small car is good for them as they have small family.
7. 70 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that they
prefer the small cars as repair facility is available easily and next to their
doorfor the repair of the same
. 8. In past few years the number and percentage of women in employment is
increasing staidly. Such women employee prefers the small cars due to
variety of reasons. 76 percent of the total respondents have expressed their
agreement to the fact that increased women employment has boostthe sale
of small cars. As this trend is going to persist, the future of small car is
bright.
9. Increased affluence and easy availability of loans and finance facilities
have led to many two wheeler users to buy their first car which is normally a
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small car. This has made the small cars sustainable in Indian car market. 78
percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact.
10. In past few years urban as well as rural affluence has increased. This has
boosted the trend of urbanization. This in turn induces the people to buy 212
cars. In all 77 percent respondents are of the opinion that growing urban
population has boostthe market of small cars in India.
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From this study one fact has come out clearly that, currently many
models with many variances in each model, are available for a buyer
. It is therefore recommended that in selecting a car the buyer
should carefully evaluate the technical specifications, and match,
the same with his needs.
(ii) There are different schemes with different auto finance
organizations. With a careful study of the schemes available at the
time of car purchase, substantial saving in car financing can be
obtained.
(iii) Tata Motors Nano car is not favored by majority of the
respondents, due to their perceptions, related to safety, stability,
status symbol etc. However the manufacturer is continuously
working to rectify these concerns. For the buyers having low
disposable income, it is therefore recommended that at least
considering the very low price of this car, the current model
available at the time of purchase can be once again technically
evaluated
(iv) The government policies for protection of environment are
also influencing the engine type and the fuel used in a car. It is
therefore 220 recommended that buyer should select a model
which is having futuristic technology engine.
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Whenever you're thinking of investing in a company it is vital that you
understand what it does, its market and the industry in which it operates.
You should never blindly invest in a company.
One of the most important areas for any investor to look at when
researching a company is the financial statements. It is essential to
understand the purpose of each part of these statements and how to
interpret them. The industry has recorded phenomenon growth during
the last decade. A market trend is growing at a faster rate. According to
CAGR the market will further grow in years to come. The opening of
the Indian automobile market for foreign companies the competition is
expected to enhance further. The opportunities can be grabbed through
the diversification of export basket in untouched foreign destinations.
Thus strict quality standards, services and use of latest technology can
provide an edge over competitors across the globe.