This document provides a summary of key topics from a social science presentation, including: - The lithosphere refers to the hard, rocky surface of Earth including the land masses. - The large land masses above sea level are called continents, of which there are seven. - Oceans are vast stretches of water that extend thousands of kilometers, with five major oceans. - The biosphere includes the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere, collectively known as the living world.

1. Social &
Science Presentation
by
J.S Yuvan
2nd Feb’2020

2. Lithosphere
Lithosphere refers to hard and rocky
surface of the earth. It has been
derived from Latin word lithos which
means rock. The land we live on is
all apart of the lithosphere.
Our earth is not only a piece of land
but it is also connected with ocean of
river.
Northern hemisphere is more than
the southern hemisphere
( : land mass)1
3
2
3

3. Continents
The large masses of land that we see above the see
level are called continents
There are 7 continents in the world,
 North America
 South America
 Africa
 Europe
 Asia
 Australia
 Antarctica

4. Oceans
Oceans are the vast stretches of
water that extents for thousands of
kilometer. Water in the oceans has
different temperature , locations
,depths , density and salinity.
There are five big oceans.
They are
 The pacific ocean
 The Atlantic ocean
 The Indian ocean
 The Arctic ocean
 The Antarctic ocean

5. Biosphere
The collective unit of lithosphere,
hydrosphere and atmosphere can be
called “Biosphere”. It means the living
world. The word “bios” means the life which
has been originated from the Greek word.

6. Hazards of waste Accumulation
 Accumulation of waste is dangerous for
environment as well as for the public
people.
 Accumulated waste causes soil , water and
air pollution and harm plants and animals.
 Sewage, insecticide, chemical fertilizers
and chemical to the soil and water and
pollute them.
 Generation of too much of carbon dioxide
causes green house effect .
 The Ice caps to melt faster.
 CFC(chlorofluorocarbon )used in
refrigerators and AC are responsible for
depletion of ozone layer in the atmosphere
leads to increase solar radiation and UV
rays on the earths surface.

7. Rest and motion
The rest and motion are
relative terms because they
depend upon the observer
who is observing the object.
For example , two persons
seated in a moving train, for
each them the other is at rest
while the train itself is in
motion
But for the person seated on
the platform finds the
passengers to be moving in a
train. From this we can
conclude that rest and motion
are relative terms

8. Period and random motion
Period motion Random motion
The motion that repeats itself after
intervals of time is called period
motion.
Example ;motion of moon
revolving around the earth, rocking
chair, swing in motion.
The motion in which the body do
not have fixed patterns of following
specific direction
Example ;birds flying, motion of
fish, football players playing in the
field.

9. Thermometer
The measurement of an amount
of heat in the body is known as
temperature. Usually body
temperature is measured by
using a thermometer.
Thermometer show body
temperature in either degree
Fahrenheit or degree Celsius.