Importance of reactive power in determining the cost of power system in future extension

1. TERM PAPER
TOPIC – Importance of reactive power in determining
the cost of power system in future extension
COURSE – ELE 519
Submitted To: - Submitted By:-
Miss Navita Name – Shubham Sachan
Reg. No. 11104846
Roll No. 02

2. Importance of reactive power in determining the
cost of power system in future extension
Authors Name: - Shubham Sachan
School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Lovely Professional University
Jalandhar, India
Abstract:
In this term paper it is defined that how the
reactive power is important as like real
power and how it affect the cost as if the
reactive power is more than our machine
will consume more power, as according to
Indian government policy if power factor is
less than 0.9 then there is penalty so to cope
up with this we need to use some
compensator. Here in this paper across
wind turbine real and reactive power is
measure.
Keyword: 3-phase load, transformer, wind
generator.
Introduction:
We in practice always reactive power to
improve the efficiency of the system .These
are acceptable to reduce to a certain extent.
If the system purely resistive or capacitive
make it a problem caused in the electrical
system AC system or consume two kinds of
power: Real power and reactive power. The
real power is valuable work, while the
reactive power support the voltage should
be checked for reliability. Reactive power
has a profound impact on the security of
energy systems, since it concerns voltages
throughout the system.
Find important discussion about what is the
importance of reactive power and how it is
useful to maintain the healthy system
voltage upright.
The rated reactive power requirements and
below the maximum limit reactive power
generation from the generators. Therefore,
the reduction in active power has to be
calculated by the field limit equation. From
field current limit equations,
𝑃𝑡 = (│𝐸𝑡│ │𝐸𝑞│/𝑋 ) sin 𝛿
Problem because of Reactive Power
Though reactive power is needed to run
many electrical devices, it can cause
harmful effects on appliances and other
motorized loads, as well as electrical
infrastructure. Since the current flowing
through electrical system is higher than that
necessary to do the required work, excess
power dissipates in the form of heat as the
reactive current flows through resistive

3. components like wires, switches and
transformers. Keep in mind that whenever
energy is expended, you pay. It makes no
difference whether the energy is expended
in the form of heat or useful work. We can
determine how much reactive power
electrical devices use by measuring their
power factor, the ratio between real power
and true power. A power factor of 1 (i.e.
100%) ideally means that all electrical
power is applied towards real work. Homes
typically have overall power factors in the
range of 70% to 85%, depending upon
which appliances may be running. Newer
homes with the latest in energy efficient
appliances can have an overall power factor
of 90%. Electric companies correct for
power factor around industrial complexes,
or they will request the offending customer
to do so, or they will charge for reactive
power. Electric companies are not worried
about residential service because the impact
on their distribution grid is not as severe as
in heavily industrialized areas. However, it
is true that power factor correction assists
the electric company by reducing demand
for electricity, thereby allowing them to
satisfy service needs elsewhere. Power
factor correction will not raise your electric
bill or do harm to your electrical devices.
The technology has been successfully
applied throughout industry for years.
When sized properly, power factor
correction will enhance the electrical
efficiency and longevity of inductive loads.
Power factor correction can have adverse
side effects (e.g. harmonics) on sensitive
industrialized equipment if not handled by
knowledgeable, experienced professionals.
Power factor correction on residential
dwellings is limited to the capacity of the
electrical panel (200 amp max) and does not
over compensate household inductive
loads. By increasing the efficiency of
electrical systems, energy demand and its
environmental impact is lessened.
The cost of Reactive power in Power
system
Determining reactive power pricing
structures in an open-access environment. It
is believed that reactive pricing and
management under open-access will
depend upon.
Two important developments:
1) The functional unbundling of facilities
that support the reactive power and voltage
control service, and
2) Grid rules to facilitate the coordination
Between generation and transmission
system for system operation.
In general, electric services can be
classified as: a) control area services, b)
transmission services, and c) power
services.

4. Simulation for measuring real and
reactive power
Fig: Simulink diagram
Fig: Simulink Output
In this wind turbine simulation I obtain real
and reactive power which is shown in
display screen where real power is in
positive and reactive power obtained is
negative.
Negative real power simply means that
power is flowing in the direction
opposite from convention. For a generator,
it would mean that power is
flowing from the grid/bus into the generator
to keep it spinning. This
happens when the engine/turbine is not
generating enough power to
overcome friction/windage losses and the
electrical bus has to supply
power into the generator to keep it spinning.
(it does NOT mean the
generator shaft has reversed its direction of
rotation)
Similarly, negative reactive power means
reactive power is flowing in
the direction opposite from convention.
Normally a generator supplies
reactive power to a bus to 'feed' the reactive
loads on the bus.
Convention is that inductive loads consume
'positive reactive power' and
capacitive loads are said to supply 'positive
reactive power'. You
could also argue that capacitive loads
supply 'negative' reactive power
which cancels out the 'positive' reactive
power of inductive loads.
Conclusion:
Voltage control is important in order to
reduce transmission losses and the system's
ability to resist and avoid voltage collapse.
Decrease in reactive power causes voltage
drop while the pressure to rise increasing
thereby.

5. The economic benefits for end-users reduce
energy costs, lower cable, transformer
losses and improvement are the state of
tension, while Extension courses system
capacity by improving the management of
reactive power.
In conclusion we can say is the reactive
power important to provide a real
achievement, without transformers,
induction motor is not in the absence of
field magnet, which is driven by the
reactive power to function.
Reference:
1). Reactive power support services in
electricity markets. Power System
Engineering Research Centre (PSERC)
Publication 2001
2). T. J. Miller. Reactive power control in
electric systems. New Jersey (USA): Wiley;
1982.
3). Reactive power support services in
electricity markets. Power System
Engineering Research Center (PSERC)
publication 2001.
4). M. L. Baughman, S. N. Siddiqi. Real-
time pricing of reactive power: theory and
case study results. IEEE Trans
Power Syst 1991;6(1):23–9.
5). K. Ro, “Calculation of reactive power
charges under competition of electric power
industries”, Springer, Electrical
Engineering, 2003, 85, pp. 169-175.