Historique et contextes de l'utilisation de la notion de facette en sciences de l'information / Historic overview and contexts of facet notion in information science

SimonCôté-Lapointe
Écoledebibliothéconomieetdessciencesdel’informationdel’Universitéde
Montréal,EBSI
EBSI-SISSymposium,January29,2016,McGillUniversity.
Historiqueetcontextesdel'utilisation
delanotiondefacetteensciencesde
l'information/Historicoverviewand
contextsoffacetnotionininformation
science
NOTEauxlecteurs:Toutaulongdudocument,cliquez
surl'icône quisetrouvedanslecoingauchesupérieur
pouraccéderautextelulorsdelaprésentation.

Presentationplan
2
1.Historyofthenotionoffacet
2.Contextsofthenotionoffacet
3.Facetanalysis,facetedstructureandfacetedsearch
interface
4.Conclusion
Introduction
Historicoverviewandcontextsoffacetnotionininformationscience–January2016S.Côté-Lapointe–

Intellectualperiod
4
Antiquity
•Aristotle’slogicaldivision
•Top-downanalysis
Late19th,beginning20th:precursors
•Sayers,Otlet,JuliusOttoKaiser
1924:Ranganathan
•Paradigmshift:1stbottom-upclassificationsystem
•5fundamentalcategoriestoanalysesubjectsorobjects
1.Historyofthefacetnotion

Institutional&technicalperiod
5
Institutional
1)1950-1968:Firstexperimentswithinformationretrieval
systems
2)1969-1979:Thesauraldevelopmentsandclassificatory
extensions
3)1980-1989:Revision,criticism,andautomation
Technical:computingenvironment
4)1990-1999:Databases,Interfaces,andRetrievalSystems
5)2000+:Facettheoryappliedontheweb
Source:LaBarre,2010,p.255-266).

Problemofdefinition
6
•Termineverydaylanguage
•Ambiguityofthenotion:
•Facetedclassification(processorstructure?),facetedsearch,
facetanalysis,etc.
•Applicationinvariousenvironments
•Severalfields:informationscience,linguistics,
computerscience,socialscience

Informationscience
8
Ranganathan
•1952:1stuseoftheterm“facet”
•designateasetofcharacteristics
Fundamentalcategories
•Generalruleofdivision
•Basisforfacetanalysis.
•Exampleoffundamentalcategories:
•PMEST(Ranganathan)Personality,Matter,Energy,Space,Time.
•CRG:13categories
Citation&notationorder
2.Contextsofthefacetnotion

Socialscience&linguistics
9
Socialscience
•Guttman(1960)
•SimilarconceptualizationwithIS
Linguistics
•FilmoreCasegrammarforlinguisticsanalysis
•SimilarnotionswithIS(semantics&semioticstoanalyze
facetsofsubjects)
•LinkswithIS(Maniez,Gnoli,etc.)

Computerscience
10
Broadermeaningofthefacetnotion:
Harter(1986)
Tunkelang(2009)
Dumais(2009)
RapprochementsbetweenISandcomputerscience
Spiteri(1998)
Vickery(2008)
Frické(2013)

Multipledefinitions
11
Broughton(2006):
1)bibliographicfields&metadata
2)listofobjectbasedontheirproperties
3)fundamentalcategoriesandfacettheory
LaBarre(2010):
1)subjectcomponent
2)generalmanifestationofasubject
3)groupsoftermsderivedbytakingeachterm
anddefiningit,pergenusetdifferentiam,withrespectforits
parentclass

Informationscience
12
Britishschool
(Traditionalview)
InseparablefromthefacetanalysisasseenbyRanganathanet
leCRG
Twomeanings:
1)Designatefoundamentalclassesextractedfrom
fundamentalcategories;
2)Setoftermsassociatedwithafundamentalclass.
NorthAmerican
school
Definitionderivedfromthetraditionalview,but
1)looser,general,practicalmeaninginspiredbythe
computerscienceview
2)donotnecessarilytakenintoaccountfundamental
categories,citationorderornotation.
Twoschoolsofthought

3.Facetanalysis,facetedstructureand
facetedsearchinterface

Modalitiesoffacets
14
3.Facetanalysis,facetedstructure
andfacetedsearchinterface

Facetanalysis
15
Analytico-synthesisprocessincompoundsubjects:
deconstruction(analysis)+reconstruction
(synthesis)
Facetdefinitionatthismodality
•Facetsaretheresultoftheanalysisofthedomainbased
onfundamentalcategories.

Facetedstructures
16
Characteristics
•Standardizedtermsschema(Vickery,1960)
•Expresssemantic&syntacticrelationships
•Postcoordinatedstructure
•Manyforms
Facetdefinitionatthismodality
•«denoteanycomponentofacompoundsubject—beitabasic
subjectoranisolate—andalsoitsrankedforms,terms,and
numbers»(LaBarre,2010,p.270)

Facetedsearchinterface
17
Adaptationoftheclassificationstructuretoaninterface
Ersatzfacets(Frické,2013)
•Focusonobjetspropertiesratherthanaspects
•Booleanrelationbetweenterms(orderhaveno
impactonsearchresult)
Attention:facetsaremorethanfilters

18
Ersatzfacetsexample
Geographic
subdivisions
Archivestypes
Languages
Facetedsearchinterface

Definitionssummary
20
Contexts
•Generalmeaningoffacets
•Modalities:
•Facetanalysis(IS&linguistics)
•Facetedclassification(IS)
•Facetedsearchinterface(ISetcomputerscience)
Definitionstilltoclarify...
4.Conclusion

Sourcesanalyzed
22
•Beghtol,C.(2008).FromtheUniverseofKnowledgetothe
UniverseofConcepts:TheStructuralRevolutionin
ClassificationforInformationRetrieval.Axiomathes,18(2),
131-144.doi:10.1007/s10516-007-9021-0
•Broughton,V.(2006).Theneedforafacetedclassificationas
thebasisofallmethodsofinformationretrieval.Aslib
Proceedings:NewInformationPerspectives,58(1/2),49-72.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00012530610648671
•Dumais,S.FacetedSearch.(2009).DansL.LiuetM.T.Özsu
(dir.),EncyclopediaofDatabaseSystems(p.1103-1109).
Springer.
•Foskett,D.J.(2009).FacetAnalysisDansEncyclopediaof
LibraryandInformationSciences,ThirdEdition(p.1818-
1822).NewYork:Taylor&Francis.

Sourcesanalyzed
23
•Frické,M.(2013).Facets:ersatz,resourceandtag.Information
Research,18(3).
•Gnoli,C.(2008a).Facets:AFruitfulNotioninManyDomains.
Axiomathes,18(2),127-130.doi:10.1007/s10516-008-9032-5
•Godert,W.(1991).Facetclassificationinonlineretrieval.
Internationalclassification,18(2),98-109.
•Hjørland,B.(2013).Facetanalysis:Thelogicalapproachto
knowledgeorganization.InformationProcessing&
Management,49(2),545-557.doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2012.10.001
•LaBarre,K.(2010).Facetanalysis.AnnualReviewof
InformationScienceandTechnology,44,243–284.
•Maniez,J.(1999).Desclassificationsauxthésaurus:dubon
usagedesfacettes.Documentaliste,36(4-5),249-260.
•Mills,J.(2004).Facetedclassificationandlogicaldivisionin
informationretrieval.LibraryTrends52(3),541-570

Sourcesanalyzed
24
•Spiteri,L.(1998).Asimplifiedmodelforfacetanalysis.
CanadianJournalofInformationandLibraryScience,23,1-30.
•Tunkelang,D.(2009).Introduction:WhatareFacets?Dans
Facetedsearch(p.3-9).SanRafael,Californie:Morgan&
ClaypoolPublishers.
•Vickery,B.(2008).FacetedClassificationfortheWeb.
Axiomathes,18(2),145-160.doi:10.1007/s10516-007-9025-9

Historique et contextes de l'utilisation de la notion de facette en sciences de l'information / Historic overview and contexts of facet notion in information science

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Historique et contextes de l'utilisation de la notion de facette en sciences de l'information / Historic overview and contexts of facet notion in information science