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The social context in 18th century English LiteratureMerve Özdemir
The document discusses the social context in 18th century Britain. It saw stability after religious and political divisions were resolved. The rise of the middle class and industrialization transformed society. Agriculture and industry modernized while the population boomed, straining living conditions in cities and towns. The working class endured long hours and unhealthy environments. However, new ideas from the Enlightenment began to spread and groups like the Methodists addressed social problems. Overall, the period marked major economic and social changes in Britain.
The document provides an overview of 18th century English literature. It was divided into two ages: the Age of Pope from 1700-1750 and the Age of Johnson from 1740-1800. The Age of Pope saw the rise of political parties and prose writing, with prominent authors including Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, and Joseph Addison. The Age of Johnson saw commercial and imperial expansion, as well as transitions including new philosophies and realism. Major authors of this time included Samuel Johnson, Oliver Goldsmith, and Edmund Burke. Across both periods, poetry, non-fiction, drama, and the novel emerged as major genres. Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, and Henry Fielding were among the pioneering novelists who helped
All selected artwork from before 2020 and Beyond.
Find your inspiration and anything that you like here
Just open, click, scroll, or flip through pages to start your journey.
The social context in 18th century English LiteratureMerve Özdemir
The document discusses the social context in 18th century Britain. It saw stability after religious and political divisions were resolved. The rise of the middle class and industrialization transformed society. Agriculture and industry modernized while the population boomed, straining living conditions in cities and towns. The working class endured long hours and unhealthy environments. However, new ideas from the Enlightenment began to spread and groups like the Methodists addressed social problems. Overall, the period marked major economic and social changes in Britain.
The document provides an overview of 18th century English literature. It was divided into two ages: the Age of Pope from 1700-1750 and the Age of Johnson from 1740-1800. The Age of Pope saw the rise of political parties and prose writing, with prominent authors including Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, and Joseph Addison. The Age of Johnson saw commercial and imperial expansion, as well as transitions including new philosophies and realism. Major authors of this time included Samuel Johnson, Oliver Goldsmith, and Edmund Burke. Across both periods, poetry, non-fiction, drama, and the novel emerged as major genres. Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, and Henry Fielding were among the pioneering novelists who helped
The document summarizes aspects of literature and history during the Restoration period and 18th century in England. It describes the weakening of the monarchy, beginnings of the Industrial Revolution, and advances in science during the Enlightenment. Major literary figures of the time like Dryden, Pope, Swift, and Defoe are discussed, along with genres like satire, odes, and heroic couplets that were popular. Neoclassicism was a dominant style that emulated classical models through order, balance, and rational thought.
The document discusses several topics from the 18th century including major events, changes resulting from the Industrial Revolution, religion, fashion, education, politics, inventions, and Romanticism. It also profiles Mary Shelley and analyzes themes in her famous Gothic novel Frankenstein, such as the struggle between good and evil and mysterious human and cosmic elements. Famous 18th century poets mentioned are Lord Byron, William Blake, and Alexander Pope.
The 18th century English society was characterized by a status-based hierarchy rather than distinct social classes. At the top were the nobility, consisting of a few hundred landowning families, followed by the gentry of around 15,000 families including baronets, knights and gentlemen of independent means. Below them were freeholders, tenant farmers, laborers and the urban poor. While social status was largely fixed, upward mobility was possible through professions and trade, with the aspiration of many in the middling ranks to acquire a landed estate. Property ownership, patronage and deference helped maintain stability in this open yet stratified social order.
This document discusses lessons about Ben Franklin and the First Great Awakening. It includes objectives and questions about the reasons for the American colonies, Ben Franklin's contributions to society and inventions, key figures in the First Great Awakening like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, and how the Great Awakening led to more religious toleration by emphasizing the individual over established church doctrine.
The document discusses Jonathan Edwards and the religious movement known as the Great Awakening that occurred between 1734-1750. It describes how Edwards sought to promote a "religion of the heart" that moved converts beyond moral duties to an ecstatic spiritual experience. While Edwards writing synthesized Puritan piety and Enlightenment philosophy, he wished to liberate humans from their senses rather than define them by senses. Edwards played a key role in revitalizing religious commitment through powerful sermons, but his dismissal from his church in 1750 showed the limits of the Awakening.
The document discusses the First Great Awakening, a religious revival in American Protestantism that occurred in the 18th century. It notes key leaders like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield who preached to large crowds and traveled throughout the colonies. Their preaching helped spread the Great Awakening and convert people. The document also discusses the Methodist movement founded by John and Charles Wesley and how the Great Awakening divided people into groups like the "Old Lights" who opposed the revivals and the "New Lights" who supported them. The Great Awakening increased religious diversity and tolerance in the colonies.
The Great Awakening was a religious revival movement that originated in the 1730s and 1740s in Britain and its American colonies. It arose in response to a perceived loss of piety due to the Enlightenment and a lack of traditional church structure on the frontier. The movement emphasized emotional religious experiences and justification by faith alone rather than good works. It promoted the idea that salvation was open to all and challenged the emphasis on predestination. The Great Awakening had consequences such as disputes over religious practices, the splitting of some churches, and a new vision of expanded religious liberty for individuals.
The document summarizes the agricultural revolution that occurred between the 17th and 18th centuries in England, the Netherlands, and France. It discusses the shift from open field systems to enclosed fields and new farming techniques like crop rotation which increased food production. This resulted in population growth and forced many peasants off the land, contributing to the rise of cottage industries and migration to cities. The enclosure movement commercialized farming but hurt the poor and reduced economic opportunities for women.
The industrial revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century, driven by new inventions and technologies. Water power and steam power allowed factories to mechanize production using machines instead of manual labor. This led to a shift from small cottage industries to large factories. While factories improved productivity, they also subjected many workers, including women and children, to long hours in dangerous conditions for low wages. This led to social unrest and the rise of labor unions seeking better conditions. Debates emerged around appropriate roles for government and capitalism in addressing these social issues.
1) The document discusses debates around modern urban planning approaches championed by Le Corbusier and their critique of traditional urban forms.
2) Le Corbusier advocated for straight, efficient street grids and separating functions into high-rise towers with green space in between, while critics argued this ignored how people naturally interacted in cities.
3) Brasilia, built upon Corbusian principles, is presented as a large-scale example of this vision but is critiqued for being inhuman in scale and not adapting to local contexts.
The document discusses Victorian artists and the Victorian Era from 1837-1901 in England. It provides biographical information on five Victorian artists - Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Charles Burton Barber, Frederic Leighton, William Holman Hunt, and Sophie Anderson. It describes the Victorian Era as a time of high fashion, wealth, strict etiquette and decorative styles which were reflected in the artistic works of the time, with a focus on the use of light and color. Examples of works by each artist are listed.
The document summarizes major art movements in the 19th century, including Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Pre-Raphaelism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Pointillism, and Art Nouveau. It provides examples of influential artists and their works for each movement, such as Jacques-Louis David's The Death of Socrates for Neoclassicism, J.M.W. Turner's Snow Storm for Romanticism, and Gustav Klimt's The Kiss for Art Nouveau. Each movement is accompanied by a brief slogan about its focus, such as "Emotions rule!" for Romanticism and "Capturing the moment rules!"
Elements of headstone and cemetery monument design (according to Australian Standards AS 4204 Headstones and cemetery monuments & AS 4425 Above-ground burial structures)
1) The document discusses American imperialism in the late 19th/early 20th century, when factors like global competition, economic interests, and beliefs in cultural superiority motivated the US to expand its territory and influence.
2) It provides examples of US expansion like the acquisition of Alaska from Russia in 1867 and the annexation of Hawaii in 1898 after American business interests overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy.
3) The annexation of Hawaii faced some opposition from President Cleveland, who wanted Hawaiians to vote on the issue, but his successor McKinley pushed it through Congress without Hawaiian approval.
This presentation summarizes aspects of medieval Britain such as some of its kings from 1100-1461 AD, clothing, food, weapons, and castles. It profiles several kings including Henry I, Henry II, Richard I, John, Henry III, Edward I, Edward II, Edward III, Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. It also briefly describes medieval clothing for different social classes, foods, weapons like the crossbow, and castle architecture. The presentation was submitted to the Department of English at Premier University by five students.
Urbanization in late 19th to early 20th century America led to distinctive architectural developments in major cities like Chicago and New York. In Chicago, pioneers like Jenney, Sullivan, Burnham, and Wright designed innovative skyscrapers and other buildings that experimented with new uses of steel and functional floor plans. In New York, while less innovative than Chicago, distinctive skyscrapers like the Singer and Woolworth Buildings rose from the growing financial district, while infrastructure like Grand Central Terminal was constructed. However, urbanization also brought overcrowded and unsanitary tenement housing that exacerbated public health issues in immigrant neighborhoods across large cities.
The document provides an overview of the medieval ages in Europe, covering major periods and events between the 11th and 15th centuries. It discusses factors that led to peace and prosperity like the revitalization of the Church and rise of feudalism. Significant events included the Crusades, outbreak of the bubonic plague that killed up to half of Europe's population, and the development of knighthood, monasticism, and universities. The document also examines the power struggle between the Church and kings, witch hunts, agricultural advances, growth of trade and cities, architectural achievements, and the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
The tribe members would gather in a circle around the fire to eat meals consisting of roasted meats and vegetables. Food preparation and storage involved the use of organic materials like wood, shells, and bones. Common hunting and fishing techniques included deadfalls, traps, and spear fishing with bone tipped spears. Food was preserved through drying, smoking, and enclosing it in animal fat.
The Renaissance Slide Study is a presentation on the Renaissance period in Europe. It covers topics such as the rise of humanism, developments in art and architecture, and changes in science and philosophy during the 14th through 17th centuries. In particular, it highlights how the Slide Study uses images of art, architecture, manuscripts, and other artifacts to illustrate the major cultural and intellectual transformations that occurred during the Renaissance.
The spice trade was a major economic activity in the Middle Ages. Valuable spices like pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves were imported from Asia and Africa to Europe and the Middle East. This lucrative trade encouraged European powers like Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, and England to explore new maritime routes and establish overseas colonies to gain control of the production and trade of these highly valued commodities.
The tribe members would gather in a circle around the fire to eat meals consisting of roasted meats and vegetables. Food preparation and serving utensils were made from natural materials like wood, shells, and plant husks. Tribes preserved excess food through drying, smoking, and storing it in animal fat. Hunting techniques included deadfalls, traps, and spears tipped with bone for fishing.
The Renaissance Slide Study is a presentation on the Renaissance period in Europe. It covers topics such as the rise of humanism, developments in art and architecture, and changes in science and philosophy during the 14th through 17th centuries. In particular, it highlights the shift from medieval traditions to new forms of intellectual and artistic expression that emphasized secular and human concerns over religious themes.
The spice trade was a major economic activity in the Middle Ages. Valuable spices like pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves were imported from Asia and Africa to Europe. Traders would transport these spices along routes like the Silk Road, generating large profits and stimulating economic growth in places along the routes.
This document discusses various aspects of medieval Europe such as Charlemagne and his empire in the 8th century, the effects of the Black Death plague in 1347-1351, characteristics of medieval cookery and cuisine, and notable medieval chefs such as Taillevent and Chiquart. It also references sources for further information.
This document discusses antiquity and references Archestratus and Athenaeus. It focuses on various aspects of antiquity mentioned repeatedly throughout.
This document discusses the Neolithic period and Egyptian civilization. It mentions Neolithic six times and Egyptian eight times, focusing on these two topics from prehistory and ancient history. The document provides high-level references to these time periods and cultures without providing additional context or details.
La familia viajó a varias ciudades en Italia como Roma, Lucca, Venecia, Ferrara y Cortona, visitando sitios históricos como el Coliseo, la Fontana de Trevi y la Basílica de San Marcos. Luego pasaron tiempo en Assisi antes de regresar a Roma y viajar a Amsterdam, visitando el museo Van Gogh y el zoológico.
The document summarizes key biological molecules and their importance. It discusses how water makes up 60% of the human body and its roles as a solvent, temperature regulator, and lubricant. It also describes the structures and functions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and their monomers. Acids, bases, and buffers are explained in relation to biological systems. Overall, the document provides an overview of major macromolecules and how they contribute to life.