The document analyzes the readiness of Indonesian mobile operator XL Axiata to transition from TDM-based voice interconnection to IP-based interconnection to support Voice over LTE (VoLTE) implementation. It finds that while XL Axiata currently uses TDM interconnects, it has deployed the necessary IP infrastructure including an IMS platform, LTE network, and IP transmission to support VoLTE and IP interconnects. The document calculates that IP interconnection would reduce bandwidth requirements for XL Axiata compared to TDM, with the reduction influenced by the codec used.
The document discusses mobility management for voice over IP (VoIP) in heterogeneous wireless networks. It summarizes that future wireless networks will integrate various wireless access networks. For seamless mobility between these networks, the application-layer Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a good candidate due to its transparency to lower network layers and scalability. However, SIP can introduce delays due to its application-layer message processing. The document reviews mobility management protocols and their performance challenges for VoIP in heterogeneous wireless networks.
Open Access Network (OAN) & Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC): Foundation for a ...Hedi Hmida (PhD)
Abstract— Today, the increasing adoption of internet applications is driving the demand for high bandwidth communication services to individuals, homes and business premises. Fiber to the home (FTTH) is a future-proof fixed access technology that supports high bandwidth applications to the end user; however its deployment typically requires heavy capital investments that make for a significantly long payback period. For this reason, there has been an increase in fiber access network sharing initiatives between Network Operators. Analysis has shown that sharing the infrastructure on a wholesale basis delivers savings in capital and operational expenses; subsequently shortening the RoI (Return of Investment) period, enabling the faster delivery of services to a greater number of subscribers. This model is known as OAN; a horizontally layered network architecture and business model that separates the physical access of the network from the actual service provision. This paper presents an overview of OAN models, the most commonly shared infrastructure globally, and draws conclusions from experiences in the region. The paper outlines strategic business models, provides guidelines to overcome technical and regulatory implementation challenges and presents a new business model based on the combination of OAN and FMC concept that would enable the future deployment of networks capable of providing broadband services from multiple services providers (retailers) simultaneously.
Unified Billing-Realization of convergent architecture for charging and billi...IDES Editor
4G is expected to get deployed by many telecom
companies in this year. Technologies employed by 4G being
tested and going to hit the commercial market soon. When
fully implemented, 4G is expected to offer high speed
transmission and provide seamless handoffs across multiple
high speed heterogeneous networks. These heterogeneous
networks on converged platform provide access to varied
services over an IPv6 core. Convergence & high speed would
provide opportunity to end user to use compounded services
from varied network providers; this will lead to big challenge
for accounting, Charging and billing. This paper in
continuation of our previous papers [7][21] discusses a
Convergent Framework Architecture (CFA) which provides a
unified bill to the user for all his compounded usage across
varied network operators. The CFA introduces a trusted third
party operator called the Convergent Network Operator
(CNO) to achieve a transparent charging, accounting and
unified billing provisions. The functionality of the CFA is
demonstrated with a prototype. We were able to realize unified
bill to end user for the usage of different type of service from
varied network providers. This concept and business model
will bring better Quality of service (QoS) not only at
competitive price but also provide independence and choice to
users to opt for specific services from Quality network
operators. These instructions give you basic guidelines for
preparing camera-ready papers for ACEEE’s conference
proceedings/Journal Publications.
The document discusses regulatory spectrum management challenges and actions needed for cellular IoT deployment in Suriname. It notes that some frequency bands assigned for mobile coverage have technology restrictions, and the regulator lacks visibility into spectrum usage. It recommends incentivizing IoT within existing licensing frameworks, following international harmonization, conducting spectrum monitoring, studying IoT technical aspects, and setting up a working group to facilitate IoT innovation. Actions include making spectrum provisions for licensed and unlicensed IoT, preparing for deployment, and identifying future demand bands.
5G networks will provide vastly increased capabilities over 4G networks. 5G is expected to deliver peak data rates of up to 10 Gbps, end-to-end latencies of 1 ms or less, connectivity for at least 1 million devices per square kilometer, and network energy efficiency improvements of up to 90%. However, 5G networks are still in development and large-scale commercial deployments are not expected until around 2020. In the meantime, 4G networks are being enhanced through technologies like LTE-Advanced, VoLTE, and WiFi calling to help meet some 5G requirements and enable new applications and use cases.
Navigating Complexity - The Quest for True IPXJann Yip
The document discusses the growing adoption of IPX networks by mobile operators to support increasing demand for mobile data and emerging services like LTE, VoLTE, and RCS. Some key points:
- Over half (56%) of surveyed operators are now connected to an IPX network, up significantly from one-third in 2011, as LTE rollouts have increased demand for roaming support.
- However, many operators are still 1-3 years away from fully deploying IPX services due to unclear definitions around what constitutes a true IPX connection from different providers and a lack of critical mass network coverage from any single provider.
- Voice remains the most common service running over IPX networks, but
The quality of service of the deployed LTE technology by mobile network opera...IJECEIAES
In this study, the real-world performance analysis of four Nigerian mobile network operators (MNOs), namely MTN, GLO, Airtel, and 9Mobile longterm evolution (LTE) cellular network, were analyzed and compared. The Nigerian MNOs utilize 5 MHz, 10 MH, and 20 MHz channel bandwidths based on third-generation partnership project’s (3 GPPs) recommendation. The presented analysis shows the uplink (UL), and downlink (DL) throughputs gaps in mobility condition as well as other LTE’s system quality of service (QoS) key performance indicators (KPI’s) of: Connection drop rate, connection failure rate, peak physical downlink throughput, minimum radio link control (RLC) downlink throughput threshold and latency are not strictly followed. The reason may be due to a lack of regulatory oversight enforcement. The comparative studies showed that MTN provides the best QoS. The introduction of novel LTE QoS metrics herein referred to as national independent wireless broadband quality reporting (NIWBQR) is the significant contribution of this study. The goal of this study is to show the quality of the network as it affects the user's experience. Important observation showed that all the MNOs are not adhering to the 3 GPPs specified user plane latency of 30 ms and control plane latency of 100 ms, respectively, which makes video streaming and low latency communication a near-impossible task.
56_5G Wireless Communication Network Architecture and Its Key Enabling Techno...EdisonAndresZapataOc
The document summarizes a proposed 5G wireless communication network architecture with an indoor/outdoor segregated design using cloud-based radio access networks (C-RAN). It aims to address challenges of 4G like higher data rates and network capacity by leveraging emerging technologies like massive MIMO, device-to-device communication, visible light communication, ultra-dense networks, and millimeter wave technology, which would be managed by software defined networking/network function virtualization through the C-RAN. The new 5G architecture separates indoor and outdoor networks to avoid penetration losses associated with current designs and allow indoor users to connect to dedicated indoor access points for improved quality of experience.
The document discusses mobility management for voice over IP (VoIP) in heterogeneous wireless networks. It summarizes that future wireless networks will integrate various wireless access networks. For seamless mobility between these networks, the application-layer Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a good candidate due to its transparency to lower network layers and scalability. However, SIP can introduce delays due to its application-layer message processing. The document reviews mobility management protocols and their performance challenges for VoIP in heterogeneous wireless networks.
Open Access Network (OAN) & Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC): Foundation for a ...Hedi Hmida (PhD)
Abstract— Today, the increasing adoption of internet applications is driving the demand for high bandwidth communication services to individuals, homes and business premises. Fiber to the home (FTTH) is a future-proof fixed access technology that supports high bandwidth applications to the end user; however its deployment typically requires heavy capital investments that make for a significantly long payback period. For this reason, there has been an increase in fiber access network sharing initiatives between Network Operators. Analysis has shown that sharing the infrastructure on a wholesale basis delivers savings in capital and operational expenses; subsequently shortening the RoI (Return of Investment) period, enabling the faster delivery of services to a greater number of subscribers. This model is known as OAN; a horizontally layered network architecture and business model that separates the physical access of the network from the actual service provision. This paper presents an overview of OAN models, the most commonly shared infrastructure globally, and draws conclusions from experiences in the region. The paper outlines strategic business models, provides guidelines to overcome technical and regulatory implementation challenges and presents a new business model based on the combination of OAN and FMC concept that would enable the future deployment of networks capable of providing broadband services from multiple services providers (retailers) simultaneously.
Unified Billing-Realization of convergent architecture for charging and billi...IDES Editor
4G is expected to get deployed by many telecom
companies in this year. Technologies employed by 4G being
tested and going to hit the commercial market soon. When
fully implemented, 4G is expected to offer high speed
transmission and provide seamless handoffs across multiple
high speed heterogeneous networks. These heterogeneous
networks on converged platform provide access to varied
services over an IPv6 core. Convergence & high speed would
provide opportunity to end user to use compounded services
from varied network providers; this will lead to big challenge
for accounting, Charging and billing. This paper in
continuation of our previous papers [7][21] discusses a
Convergent Framework Architecture (CFA) which provides a
unified bill to the user for all his compounded usage across
varied network operators. The CFA introduces a trusted third
party operator called the Convergent Network Operator
(CNO) to achieve a transparent charging, accounting and
unified billing provisions. The functionality of the CFA is
demonstrated with a prototype. We were able to realize unified
bill to end user for the usage of different type of service from
varied network providers. This concept and business model
will bring better Quality of service (QoS) not only at
competitive price but also provide independence and choice to
users to opt for specific services from Quality network
operators. These instructions give you basic guidelines for
preparing camera-ready papers for ACEEE’s conference
proceedings/Journal Publications.
The document discusses regulatory spectrum management challenges and actions needed for cellular IoT deployment in Suriname. It notes that some frequency bands assigned for mobile coverage have technology restrictions, and the regulator lacks visibility into spectrum usage. It recommends incentivizing IoT within existing licensing frameworks, following international harmonization, conducting spectrum monitoring, studying IoT technical aspects, and setting up a working group to facilitate IoT innovation. Actions include making spectrum provisions for licensed and unlicensed IoT, preparing for deployment, and identifying future demand bands.
5G networks will provide vastly increased capabilities over 4G networks. 5G is expected to deliver peak data rates of up to 10 Gbps, end-to-end latencies of 1 ms or less, connectivity for at least 1 million devices per square kilometer, and network energy efficiency improvements of up to 90%. However, 5G networks are still in development and large-scale commercial deployments are not expected until around 2020. In the meantime, 4G networks are being enhanced through technologies like LTE-Advanced, VoLTE, and WiFi calling to help meet some 5G requirements and enable new applications and use cases.
Navigating Complexity - The Quest for True IPXJann Yip
The document discusses the growing adoption of IPX networks by mobile operators to support increasing demand for mobile data and emerging services like LTE, VoLTE, and RCS. Some key points:
- Over half (56%) of surveyed operators are now connected to an IPX network, up significantly from one-third in 2011, as LTE rollouts have increased demand for roaming support.
- However, many operators are still 1-3 years away from fully deploying IPX services due to unclear definitions around what constitutes a true IPX connection from different providers and a lack of critical mass network coverage from any single provider.
- Voice remains the most common service running over IPX networks, but
The quality of service of the deployed LTE technology by mobile network opera...IJECEIAES
In this study, the real-world performance analysis of four Nigerian mobile network operators (MNOs), namely MTN, GLO, Airtel, and 9Mobile longterm evolution (LTE) cellular network, were analyzed and compared. The Nigerian MNOs utilize 5 MHz, 10 MH, and 20 MHz channel bandwidths based on third-generation partnership project’s (3 GPPs) recommendation. The presented analysis shows the uplink (UL), and downlink (DL) throughputs gaps in mobility condition as well as other LTE’s system quality of service (QoS) key performance indicators (KPI’s) of: Connection drop rate, connection failure rate, peak physical downlink throughput, minimum radio link control (RLC) downlink throughput threshold and latency are not strictly followed. The reason may be due to a lack of regulatory oversight enforcement. The comparative studies showed that MTN provides the best QoS. The introduction of novel LTE QoS metrics herein referred to as national independent wireless broadband quality reporting (NIWBQR) is the significant contribution of this study. The goal of this study is to show the quality of the network as it affects the user's experience. Important observation showed that all the MNOs are not adhering to the 3 GPPs specified user plane latency of 30 ms and control plane latency of 100 ms, respectively, which makes video streaming and low latency communication a near-impossible task.
56_5G Wireless Communication Network Architecture and Its Key Enabling Techno...EdisonAndresZapataOc
The document summarizes a proposed 5G wireless communication network architecture with an indoor/outdoor segregated design using cloud-based radio access networks (C-RAN). It aims to address challenges of 4G like higher data rates and network capacity by leveraging emerging technologies like massive MIMO, device-to-device communication, visible light communication, ultra-dense networks, and millimeter wave technology, which would be managed by software defined networking/network function virtualization through the C-RAN. The new 5G architecture separates indoor and outdoor networks to avoid penetration losses associated with current designs and allow indoor users to connect to dedicated indoor access points for improved quality of experience.
“Performance Analysis of an LTE-4G Network Running Multimedia Applications”IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the performance of an LTE 4G network running multimedia applications like VoIP and video conferencing. It discusses using the OPNET network simulator to study how these applications perform over LTE under static and mobile node conditions. The paper finds that multimedia applications experience less packet delay variation when nodes are mobile compared to static nodes, due to HARQ retransmission being given up under mobility. It also analyzes how varying network loads affect quality of service for multimedia applications sharing bandwidth with background data traffic.
Comparative analyisis on some possible partnership schemes of global ip excha...IJCNCJournal
IPX (IP eXchange) is GSMA’s proposal for IP interconnection model which supports multi services to offer
end-to-end QoS, security, interoperability, SLAs through a dedicated connection. It provides a commercial
and technical solution to manage IP traffic and follows the GSMA’s 4 key IP interworking principle such as
openness, quality, cascading payments, and efficient connectivity. In order to get global IPX reachability, it
is possible for an IPX provider to build partnership with other global IPX providers in business and
network configuration. There are some possible partnership schemes between IPX providers such as
peering mode, semi-hosted mode, full-hosted mode, or combination between these modes. The
implementation of the schemes will be case-by-case basis with some considerations based on (but not
limited to) IPX Provider’s network asset & coverage, services & features offer, commercial offer, and
customers. For an IPX provider to become competitive in IPX business and become a global IPX hub, some
value added should be considered such as cost efficiency and great network performance. To achieve it, an
IPX provider could implement some strategies such as build network sinergy between them and partners to
develop IPX Service as single offering, offer their customers with bundled access network and services. An
IPX provider should also consider their existing customer-based that can be a benefit to their bargaining
position to other potential IPX provider partners to determine price and business scheme for partnership.
IRJET- Performance Parameter of Spectrum Sensing MIMO- OFDM based LTE Tec...IRJET Journal
This document discusses performance parameters of spectrum sensing for MIMO-OFDM based LTE techniques. It begins with an introduction to LTE and OFDM technologies. It then discusses MIMO-OFDM systems and how they can significantly increase data throughput and spectral efficiency. The document presents simulation results on the probability of spectrum detection and relative mean square error for different SNRs and number of active subcarriers in a 2x2 and 4x4 MIMO system. It concludes that a MIMO-OFDM receiver can help cancel intercarrier and intersymbol interference for LTE systems and that spectrum sensing accuracy increases with fewer active subcarriers.
IDC: Peplink Adds Resilience to IoT NetworksEric Wong
In this whitepaper, IDC argues that diversification of Internet access WAN technologies, combined with secure VPN and central management is the best way to both guarantee IoT network availability and allow for rapid deployment of IoT networks anywhere.
Cellular networks are overloaded by mobile data traffic because of fast growth of mobile broadband services and the widespread use of smart phones. Application of smartphone, laptops internet etc. are increasing day by day. All this is causing congestion problem. Data revenue problem is a major problem for the network operators. One of the solutions to alleviate this problem is the offloading of mobile data traffic from the cellular access technology to the Wi-Fi access network. Wi-Fi access point is widely deployed by customers or by the operators so can be easily used for offloading technique. This paper reviews the models and architecture of offloading in between LTE network and Wi-Fi access network. Limitations of using Wi-Fi as alternative access network is also discussed in this paper and brief of ANDSF is provided in the paper.
J’son & Partners Consulting presents the results of the research “Equipment market and prospects of the implementation of new services based on the technology of transmitting multimedia content on the basis of the IP protocol (IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS)”
More reports available on our website: http://bit.ly/16Znqpx
Find video about J’son & Partners Consulting on Json TV: http://bit.ly/1432QJV
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
This document summarizes options for providing Voice over IP (VoIP) services over a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. It begins by providing background on VoIP, including how voice is converted to digital packets and transmitted over an IP network. It then describes the key components and benefits of LTE networks, which were designed to be all-IP networks for data transmission. Finally, it states that the paper will explore various options for supporting VoIP services over LTE networks and discuss the benefits of carrying voice over LTE using VoIP.
1) The document discusses the importance of infrastructure sharing among mobile network operators in Nigeria to reduce costs and optimize networks. It highlights challenges like high site rental costs, power issues, and security threats that increase operators' expenses.
2) Infrastructure sharing allows operators to share passive infrastructure like towers, buildings, and power supply to lower capital and operating expenditures while expanding coverage. It has led to cost reductions, revenue growth, and improved service quality in other countries.
3) However, infrastructure sharing has progressed slowly in Nigeria, with some operators reluctant to collaborate. The article argues that all Nigerian operators must see sharing as necessary for network optimization given the competitive market and constraints facing the industry.
The document is a project report on 4G technology that includes an introduction, literature review, and proposed study on measuring countries' "4G readiness." It summarizes that 4G aims to provide data rates of 100 Mbps for mobile applications and 1 Gbps for nomadic applications. It then reviews technologies like OFDM and MIMO that could enable 4G, compares standards like LTE and WiMAX, discusses ongoing trials and vendors, potential applications, and proposes a framework to rank countries based on their connectivity infrastructure, business/social/legal environments, consumer trends, and government policies to assess their ability to adopt 4G.
Optimization of Quality of Service in 4G Wireless NetworksIDES Editor
This document summarizes an article that discusses optimization of quality of service (QoS) in 4G wireless networks. It begins with an introduction to QoS and an overview of different QoS approaches in 4G networks, wireless networks, and connectivity networks. It then discusses related work on end-to-end QoS in 4G mobile networks and identifies several issues that need to be addressed to improve migration from current systems to 4G, including mapping between different standards and clear definitions of QoS parameters and thresholds. The document concludes by summarizing the key challenges in providing end-to-end QoS across heterogeneous networks.
Telcos prefer GPON over EPON for fiber networks due to technical and historical reasons. GPON was designed for phone networks to support both business and residential services. It also allows RF video signals to be transmitted over fiber. EPON is preferred by cable providers as it provides symmetrical bandwidth, important for cable applications. Ultimately the fiber network technologies are moving to all-IP transmission over point-to-point Ethernet connections.
5G networks will require architectural changes to support new capabilities and use cases. Key changes include adopting a cloud-native architecture with network softwarization using NFV, SDN, and network slicing. This will allow the network to be controlled by software and separated into multiple virtual networks. The 5G radio access network architecture will also change with the introduction of cloud-RAN to replace distributed base stations and reduce small cell deployment costs. Network slicing will enable logical isolation of network resources to provide different services on the same physical network, such as enterprise, OTT, and MVNO services.
Development of the Wi-Fi Offloading Business Concept within the African Marke...Beneyam Haile
Offloading traffic to Wi-Fi networks is now becoming
an attractive way of alleviating congestion and extending
coverage without the need for significant additional investments for increased mobile network coverage and capacity. While Wi-Fi offloading technology standards are maturing and various vendor solutions being adopted by operators in developed economies, the offloading business models need to be reevaluated for Africa where the Wi-Fi adoption patterns and regulations are a rather different. In this study, we aim to analyze the Wi-Fi offloading business model for the African market context in a holistic manner by identifying plausible offloading scenarios, noting the critical success factors (or barriers) and evaluating the emerging value network configurations. Finally, we present an exemplary business model for an Offloading Service Provider based on an existing offloading vendor solution and using the STOF model as the theoretical framework.
A Review of Low Power Wide Area Technology in Licensed and Unlicensed Spectru...journalBEEI
There are many platforms in licensed and license free spectrum that support LPWA (low power wide area) technology in the current markets. However, lack of standardization of the different platforms can be a challenge for an interoperable IoT environment. Therefore understanding the features of each technology platform is essential to be able to differentiate how the technology can be matched to a specific IoT application profile. This paper provides an analysis of LPWA underlying technology in licensed and unlicensed spectrum by means of literature review and comparative assessment of Sigfox, LoRa, NB-IoT and LTE-M. We review their technical aspect and discussed the pros and cons in terms of their technical and other deployment features. General IoT application requirements is also presented and linked to the deployment factors to give an insight of how different applications profiles is associated to the right technology platform, thus provide a simple guideline on how to match a specific application profile with the best fit connectivity features.
4.5G: Integration of LTE and Wi-Fi networksPraveen Kumar
This document discusses the integration of LTE and Wi-Fi networks. It describes how 3GPP and Wi-Fi standards have become more interoperable, allowing cellular devices to take advantage of Wi-Fi networks. The Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF) plays a key role in allowing user equipment to discover and select Wi-Fi networks based on network policies. Seamless integration of Wi-Fi and LTE is important for offloading data traffic from cellular networks to Wi-Fi networks, which can help improve network capacity and performance.
4.5G: Integration of LTE and Wi-Fi networkseXplanoTech
With LTE-A getting ready to meet the IMT-Advanced requirements and fulfilling the role of promised "4G", we believe the next phase of evolution before 5G will be successful interworking of LTE and Wi-Fi networks. This whitepaper explores this feature, we call 4.5G, in detail.
This document discusses IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), which defines an all-IP wireless network as an alternative to traditional disparate voice, data, and signaling networks. IMS allows convergence of services like voice, video, messaging and provides a framework for developing innovative multimedia applications. The document outlines the IMS architecture and standards development timeline. It also discusses market strategies for IMS adoption, including focusing on network consolidation, migration approaches, and developing new revenue generating multimedia services.
Comparative analysis of LTE backbone transport techniques for efficient broad...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document provides a comparative analysis of LTE backbone transport techniques for efficient broadband penetration in a heterogeneous network. It discusses how IP/MPLS currently serves as the transport technique but suffers from failures that can cause delays and packet loss. As an alternative, IP/ATM is proposed which can dynamically allocate bandwidth and support varying QoS requirements. The paper aims to evaluate the performance of these two techniques through simulation to establish which better addresses the challenges of IP/MPLS. Simulation results showed IP/ATM had superior performance over IP/MPLS in terms of average bandwidth utilization, mean traffic drop, and mean traffic delay.
Long term evolution (LTE) is replacing the 3G services slowly but steadily and become a preferred choice
for data for human to human (H2H) services and now it is becoming preferred choice for voice also. In
some developed countries the traditional 2G services gradually decommissioned from the service and
getting replaced with LTE for all H2H services. LTE provided high downlink and uplink bandwidth
capacity and is one of the technology like mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and vehicular ad hoc network
(VANET) being used as the backbone communication infrastructure for vehicle networking applications.
When Compared to VANET and MANET, LTE provides wide area of coverage and excellent infrastructure
facilities for vehicle networking. This helps in transmitting the vehicle information to the operator and
downloading certain information into the vehicle nodes (VNs) from the operators server. As per the ETSI
publications the number of machine to machine communication (MTC) devices are expected to touch 50
billion by 2020 and this will surpass H2H communication. With growing congestion in the LTE network,
accessing the network for any request from VN especially during peak hour is a big challenge because of
the congestion in random access channel (RACH). In this paper we will analyse this RACH congestion
problem with the data from the live network. Lot of algorithms are proposed for resolving the RACH
congestion on the basis of simulation results so we would like to present some practical data from the live
network to this issue to understand the extent RACH congestion issue in the real time scenario.
The key elements of the Christian worldview are faith, love, forgiveness, and living in Christ. These elements are fundamental to Christ's teachings and reflect the author's own worldview. Living in Christ incorporates aspects like praise, prayer, and witnessing. However, the Christian worldview should focus more on redemption than reconciling the Bible with science. The overarching themes of the Bible can be summarized as creation, humanity, sin/fall, and redemption.
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions until needs are fully met, with a refund option for plagiarized content.
Contenu connexe
Similaire à Analysis Of Operator XL Axiata S Readiness On IP Based Voice Interconnection To Support Voice Over LTE Implementation
“Performance Analysis of an LTE-4G Network Running Multimedia Applications”IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the performance of an LTE 4G network running multimedia applications like VoIP and video conferencing. It discusses using the OPNET network simulator to study how these applications perform over LTE under static and mobile node conditions. The paper finds that multimedia applications experience less packet delay variation when nodes are mobile compared to static nodes, due to HARQ retransmission being given up under mobility. It also analyzes how varying network loads affect quality of service for multimedia applications sharing bandwidth with background data traffic.
Comparative analyisis on some possible partnership schemes of global ip excha...IJCNCJournal
IPX (IP eXchange) is GSMA’s proposal for IP interconnection model which supports multi services to offer
end-to-end QoS, security, interoperability, SLAs through a dedicated connection. It provides a commercial
and technical solution to manage IP traffic and follows the GSMA’s 4 key IP interworking principle such as
openness, quality, cascading payments, and efficient connectivity. In order to get global IPX reachability, it
is possible for an IPX provider to build partnership with other global IPX providers in business and
network configuration. There are some possible partnership schemes between IPX providers such as
peering mode, semi-hosted mode, full-hosted mode, or combination between these modes. The
implementation of the schemes will be case-by-case basis with some considerations based on (but not
limited to) IPX Provider’s network asset & coverage, services & features offer, commercial offer, and
customers. For an IPX provider to become competitive in IPX business and become a global IPX hub, some
value added should be considered such as cost efficiency and great network performance. To achieve it, an
IPX provider could implement some strategies such as build network sinergy between them and partners to
develop IPX Service as single offering, offer their customers with bundled access network and services. An
IPX provider should also consider their existing customer-based that can be a benefit to their bargaining
position to other potential IPX provider partners to determine price and business scheme for partnership.
IRJET- Performance Parameter of Spectrum Sensing MIMO- OFDM based LTE Tec...IRJET Journal
This document discusses performance parameters of spectrum sensing for MIMO-OFDM based LTE techniques. It begins with an introduction to LTE and OFDM technologies. It then discusses MIMO-OFDM systems and how they can significantly increase data throughput and spectral efficiency. The document presents simulation results on the probability of spectrum detection and relative mean square error for different SNRs and number of active subcarriers in a 2x2 and 4x4 MIMO system. It concludes that a MIMO-OFDM receiver can help cancel intercarrier and intersymbol interference for LTE systems and that spectrum sensing accuracy increases with fewer active subcarriers.
IDC: Peplink Adds Resilience to IoT NetworksEric Wong
In this whitepaper, IDC argues that diversification of Internet access WAN technologies, combined with secure VPN and central management is the best way to both guarantee IoT network availability and allow for rapid deployment of IoT networks anywhere.
Cellular networks are overloaded by mobile data traffic because of fast growth of mobile broadband services and the widespread use of smart phones. Application of smartphone, laptops internet etc. are increasing day by day. All this is causing congestion problem. Data revenue problem is a major problem for the network operators. One of the solutions to alleviate this problem is the offloading of mobile data traffic from the cellular access technology to the Wi-Fi access network. Wi-Fi access point is widely deployed by customers or by the operators so can be easily used for offloading technique. This paper reviews the models and architecture of offloading in between LTE network and Wi-Fi access network. Limitations of using Wi-Fi as alternative access network is also discussed in this paper and brief of ANDSF is provided in the paper.
J’son & Partners Consulting presents the results of the research “Equipment market and prospects of the implementation of new services based on the technology of transmitting multimedia content on the basis of the IP protocol (IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS)”
More reports available on our website: http://bit.ly/16Znqpx
Find video about J’son & Partners Consulting on Json TV: http://bit.ly/1432QJV
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
This document summarizes options for providing Voice over IP (VoIP) services over a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. It begins by providing background on VoIP, including how voice is converted to digital packets and transmitted over an IP network. It then describes the key components and benefits of LTE networks, which were designed to be all-IP networks for data transmission. Finally, it states that the paper will explore various options for supporting VoIP services over LTE networks and discuss the benefits of carrying voice over LTE using VoIP.
1) The document discusses the importance of infrastructure sharing among mobile network operators in Nigeria to reduce costs and optimize networks. It highlights challenges like high site rental costs, power issues, and security threats that increase operators' expenses.
2) Infrastructure sharing allows operators to share passive infrastructure like towers, buildings, and power supply to lower capital and operating expenditures while expanding coverage. It has led to cost reductions, revenue growth, and improved service quality in other countries.
3) However, infrastructure sharing has progressed slowly in Nigeria, with some operators reluctant to collaborate. The article argues that all Nigerian operators must see sharing as necessary for network optimization given the competitive market and constraints facing the industry.
The document is a project report on 4G technology that includes an introduction, literature review, and proposed study on measuring countries' "4G readiness." It summarizes that 4G aims to provide data rates of 100 Mbps for mobile applications and 1 Gbps for nomadic applications. It then reviews technologies like OFDM and MIMO that could enable 4G, compares standards like LTE and WiMAX, discusses ongoing trials and vendors, potential applications, and proposes a framework to rank countries based on their connectivity infrastructure, business/social/legal environments, consumer trends, and government policies to assess their ability to adopt 4G.
Optimization of Quality of Service in 4G Wireless NetworksIDES Editor
This document summarizes an article that discusses optimization of quality of service (QoS) in 4G wireless networks. It begins with an introduction to QoS and an overview of different QoS approaches in 4G networks, wireless networks, and connectivity networks. It then discusses related work on end-to-end QoS in 4G mobile networks and identifies several issues that need to be addressed to improve migration from current systems to 4G, including mapping between different standards and clear definitions of QoS parameters and thresholds. The document concludes by summarizing the key challenges in providing end-to-end QoS across heterogeneous networks.
Telcos prefer GPON over EPON for fiber networks due to technical and historical reasons. GPON was designed for phone networks to support both business and residential services. It also allows RF video signals to be transmitted over fiber. EPON is preferred by cable providers as it provides symmetrical bandwidth, important for cable applications. Ultimately the fiber network technologies are moving to all-IP transmission over point-to-point Ethernet connections.
5G networks will require architectural changes to support new capabilities and use cases. Key changes include adopting a cloud-native architecture with network softwarization using NFV, SDN, and network slicing. This will allow the network to be controlled by software and separated into multiple virtual networks. The 5G radio access network architecture will also change with the introduction of cloud-RAN to replace distributed base stations and reduce small cell deployment costs. Network slicing will enable logical isolation of network resources to provide different services on the same physical network, such as enterprise, OTT, and MVNO services.
Development of the Wi-Fi Offloading Business Concept within the African Marke...Beneyam Haile
Offloading traffic to Wi-Fi networks is now becoming
an attractive way of alleviating congestion and extending
coverage without the need for significant additional investments for increased mobile network coverage and capacity. While Wi-Fi offloading technology standards are maturing and various vendor solutions being adopted by operators in developed economies, the offloading business models need to be reevaluated for Africa where the Wi-Fi adoption patterns and regulations are a rather different. In this study, we aim to analyze the Wi-Fi offloading business model for the African market context in a holistic manner by identifying plausible offloading scenarios, noting the critical success factors (or barriers) and evaluating the emerging value network configurations. Finally, we present an exemplary business model for an Offloading Service Provider based on an existing offloading vendor solution and using the STOF model as the theoretical framework.
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There are many platforms in licensed and license free spectrum that support LPWA (low power wide area) technology in the current markets. However, lack of standardization of the different platforms can be a challenge for an interoperable IoT environment. Therefore understanding the features of each technology platform is essential to be able to differentiate how the technology can be matched to a specific IoT application profile. This paper provides an analysis of LPWA underlying technology in licensed and unlicensed spectrum by means of literature review and comparative assessment of Sigfox, LoRa, NB-IoT and LTE-M. We review their technical aspect and discussed the pros and cons in terms of their technical and other deployment features. General IoT application requirements is also presented and linked to the deployment factors to give an insight of how different applications profiles is associated to the right technology platform, thus provide a simple guideline on how to match a specific application profile with the best fit connectivity features.
4.5G: Integration of LTE and Wi-Fi networksPraveen Kumar
This document discusses the integration of LTE and Wi-Fi networks. It describes how 3GPP and Wi-Fi standards have become more interoperable, allowing cellular devices to take advantage of Wi-Fi networks. The Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF) plays a key role in allowing user equipment to discover and select Wi-Fi networks based on network policies. Seamless integration of Wi-Fi and LTE is important for offloading data traffic from cellular networks to Wi-Fi networks, which can help improve network capacity and performance.
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With LTE-A getting ready to meet the IMT-Advanced requirements and fulfilling the role of promised "4G", we believe the next phase of evolution before 5G will be successful interworking of LTE and Wi-Fi networks. This whitepaper explores this feature, we call 4.5G, in detail.
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Long term evolution (LTE) is replacing the 3G services slowly but steadily and become a preferred choice
for data for human to human (H2H) services and now it is becoming preferred choice for voice also. In
some developed countries the traditional 2G services gradually decommissioned from the service and
getting replaced with LTE for all H2H services. LTE provided high downlink and uplink bandwidth
capacity and is one of the technology like mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and vehicular ad hoc network
(VANET) being used as the backbone communication infrastructure for vehicle networking applications.
When Compared to VANET and MANET, LTE provides wide area of coverage and excellent infrastructure
facilities for vehicle networking. This helps in transmitting the vehicle information to the operator and
downloading certain information into the vehicle nodes (VNs) from the operators server. As per the ETSI
publications the number of machine to machine communication (MTC) devices are expected to touch 50
billion by 2020 and this will surpass H2H communication. With growing congestion in the LTE network,
accessing the network for any request from VN especially during peak hour is a big challenge because of
the congestion in random access channel (RACH). In this paper we will analyse this RACH congestion
problem with the data from the live network. Lot of algorithms are proposed for resolving the RACH
congestion on the basis of simulation results so we would like to present some practical data from the live
network to this issue to understand the extent RACH congestion issue in the real time scenario.
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Analysis Of Operator XL Axiata S Readiness On IP Based Voice Interconnection To Support Voice Over LTE Implementation
1. Journal of Physics: Conference Series
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Analysis of Operator XL Axiata’s Readiness on IP Based Voice
Interconnection to Support Voice over LTE Implementation
To cite this article: Gunawan Wibisono et al 2019 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1175 012110
View the article online for updates and enhancements.
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
1st International Conference on Advance and Scientific Innovation (ICASI)
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1175(2019) 012110
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1175/1/012110
1
Analysis of Operator XL Axiata’s Readiness on IP Based
Voice Interconnection to Support Voice over LTE
Implementation
Gunawan Wibisono, M. Suryanegara, Ajib S, Ihsan Ibrahim and Farianto
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Kampus Baru UI
Depok, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
Abstract. Indonesian cellular operators have deployed Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology
to improve data services to users. To provide voice service, LTE operators introduce Voice
over LTE (VoLTE) with better quality than Voice over IP (VoIP) service because it has low
latency and larger capacity. VoLTE technology with an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
platform is an IP based technology that will work best when interconnecting between IP
telecommunication operators using IP protocols such as SIP or SIP-I session protocol.
Currently, interconnection of telecommunication operators in Indonesia is sti ll time-based
division multiplexing (TDM) interconnection. This research will discuss mobile operator
infrastructure readiness to migrate interconnection from TDM-based network to IP and will
calculate bandwidth requirement for IP interconnection network. With data from XL Axiata
operator it was found that IP interconnection caused a decrease in bandwidth requirements of
XL Axiata operator compared when using TDM-based interconnects. The value of bandwidth
requirement reduction is strongly influenced by the type of codec used. It appears that the
G.723 codec provides significant bandwidth reduction but has a low mean opinion score
(MOS).
1. Introduction
The increasing number of smartphone usersworldwide and the increasing average volume of data
usage, especially video content services, has triggered an increase in global mobile data traffic, which
grew by around 50% within 2015 - 2016 1,2. Long Term Evolution technology is predicted to become
a radio network access technology for dominant mobile broadband services and by the end of 2022
its users are estimated to reach 4.6 billion subscribers worldwide1,2. The continuation of the data
service on the 4G LTE network, to accommodate voice services on the LTE network operators to
deploy voice over LTE (VoLTE) with one of the advantages is the ability of high definition (HD) voice
service. With VoLTE, LTE operators can compete with Over-The-Top (OTT) players as well as
other voice over IP (VoIP) voice call service providers. VoLTE generally has lower delayed
characteristic and greater capacity than OTT or VoIP services which are only best effort. In addition,
VoLTE has better voice quality compared to VoIP which is expressed by high mean opinion score
(MOS) and low speech path delay3,7.
VoLTE implementation by an operator can go through different stages depending on the
capabilities of each operator such as the factors of voice service development strategy, technology
3. 1st International Conference on Advance and Scientific Innovation (ICASI)
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1175(2019) 012110
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1175/1/012110
2
architecture, business objectives, market conditions and so on. VoLTE voice service at the beginning
of LTE network development is implemented with circuit switched fall back (CSFB), then implement
single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) when IMS platform has been developed followed by
developing LTE network coverage [4].
To support the VoLTE implementation plan, operator readiness is required in interconnection with
other operators. Current interconnection between operators is still dominated by the form of legacy
time division multiplexing (TDM) using ISUP signaling and G.711 codecs because it has a good
redundancy mechanism. For the development of LTE network, VoLTE, and HD voice interconnection
based on TDM less optimal result due to limitations of ISUP protocol, so IP interconnection is needed.
With IP interconnection between operators it is expected that all services can occur at IP level end-to-
end. The use of VoLTE will bring some implications for regulatory changes and pricing models. The
combination of VoLTE and the change of TDM-based interconnection to IP is a huge change in
interconnection for mobile networks in more than two decades [6]. Both regulators and operators need
to extensively review both technical, commercial, financial implications (CAPEX and OPEX) as well
as roaming and regulatory issues in transition to VoLTE implementation.
XL Axiata as one of the cellular operators in Indonesia has tested LTE technology in 2014 and
launched this service commercially in 2015. XL has also tested phone calls through its internal
network using VoLTE in 2016 in Surabaya and Denpasar, a commercial VoLTE service in 2017. This
VoLTE service will run on top of the IMS platform that is also being developed. Up to the fourth
quarter of 2016, XL has a total of 84,484 Base Station 2G, 3G and 4G, consisting of 37,549 BTS (2G),
38,731 NodeB (3G) and 8,204 eNodeB (4G). Currently, XL divides its operational areas into 6 regions
namely Central (Java), North (Kalimantan), Jabotabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, Bekasi), East
(Sulawesi, Bali, Lombok, Papua) and West (Sumatra). Interconnect with other operators and use TDM
as the main media. XL has 96 PoI with 2,921 E1. The huge amount of E1 circuits become a problem
faced by XL operators in developing LTE network expansions and future VoLTE service
implementation plans. VoLTE services and NGN networks are generally All-IP based technologies and
will work optimally if supported by IP networks as well. IP interconnection will result in more
efficient bandwidth usage, improved speech quality, reduced costs and is an appropriate step for full
multimedia services. Therefore, this research will evaluate the readiness of XL Axiata as one of mobile
operator in Indonesia towards IP based voice interconnection. In addition, it will review the bandwidth
requirements calculation on IP interconnection networks and compare them with TDM-based
interconnects.
2. Operator’s Readiness Towardsip Interconnection
IP interconnection is principally an expansion of TDM- based interconnection, in which TDM is known
for point of interconnection (PoI) and point of charge (PoC). PoI is the physical location of the
interconnection and is the limit of authority and responsibility for provision, management and
maintenance of telecommunication networks of each party [18]. In TDM interconnections, the PoI
setting is static, while on IP networks that allow technically to connect at any location. The
determination of the PoI should be open to operators who will conduct interconnection to be able to
propose interconnection at different points along with the development of its network. In Indonesia
itself there are currently several conditions related to the arrangement of the number and location of
the PoI, among which are [20]: the number of interconnection points stipulated as mutual agreement
among operators of network providers; the number of PoIs varies for each operator; and Mobile
operators are granted the freedom to self-determine the number of PoIs in accordance with the
technical design of each provider's network, taking into account the number of subscribers, traffic
volume and routing.
IP interconnection has considerable effect on network structure, investment cost, interconnection
service, tariff, technical implementation and so on. IP technology enables bundling of services and
infrastructure to make transmission-related costs less dependent on distance. Consequently, the amount
of PoI required for IP interconnection is less in number compared to TDM-based interconnections [21].
4. 1st International Conference on Advance and Scientific Innovation (ICASI)
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1175(2019) 012110
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1175/1/012110
3
Each mobile operator has different characteristics regarding the availability of transmission
network infrastructure, backbone network configuration, the protocol used, the point of network access
point (NAP) for connectivity to the IP network and so on. In Indonesia there are 4 mobile operators and
one public telecommunication switch operator network (PSTN). Mobile technologies owned by
operators include 2G, 3G, 4G LTE, and VoLTE technologies. To see operator-based interconnection
readiness in Indonesia, it is necessary to evaluate the availability of IP technology. The operator has to
have some equipments criteria on a network of both mobile telecommunications operators and PSTN
(IMS based) that are considered to be ideal and ready to implement IP interconnects, then these
equipments that being owned by operator are checked. Table I shows the availability of XL, Indosat
(Isat), Telkomsel (Tsel) and Tree operators in conducting IP interconnection services.
Table 1. Availability Of Ip-Based Infrastructure Of Telecommunication Operators In Indonesia
No. Equipments XL Isat TSel Three
1 2G Technology
Access IP x x x -
Core netowrk NGN √ √ √ √
Protocol H.323 √ √ √ √
Transmission IP √ √ √ √
2. 3G Technology
Access IP √ √ √ √
Core network IMS √ √ √ √
Protocol SIP √ √ √ √
Transmission √ √ √ √
3. 4G LTE Technolovy
Access IP √ √ √ √
Core network IMS √ √ √ √
Protocol SIP/SIP-I √ √ √ √
Transmission √ √ √ √
From Table I it can be seen that technically all cellular operators are ready to migrate towards IP as
well as interconnection.
3. IP Based Voice Interconnection Of XL Axiata Sumatra Region
Although the infrastructure of Indonesian telecommunication operators is ready to migrate to IP
network, but in fact because of the lack of IP interconnection regulation, the interconnection is still
TDM based. In general, the calculation of bandwidth requirements for VoIP services depends on the
amount of traffic distributed and the type of codec used. The calculation and conversion phases from
TDM to IP are generally shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Calculation process of conversion bandwidth requirement from TDM to IP
5. 1st International Conference on Advance and Scientific Innovation (ICASI)
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1175(2019) 012110
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The conversion from TDM to IP is determined by the codec used, the header on layer 2 and IP, the
packet frequency, and the payload size used. The selection of codecs will determine the quality of the
conversation that results in the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) value. Some commonly used codecs are
G.711, G.722, G.723, G.729. Header Layer 2 of the OSI protocol (Data Link Layer). For Ethernet
Layer 2, Frame Header 802.3, Frame Control Sequence (FCS), preamble, Cyclic Redundancy Check
(CRC) and InterFrameGap (IFG) are 18 bytes. For IPv4, the header for the IP protocol is 20 bytes,
UDP 8 bytes and RTP 12 bytes, totaling 40 bytes (octet). The packet frequency is measured by packet
units per second (pps). This parameter shows the number of packets that must be sent every second to
reach the bit rate codec. The packet frequency value is represented by
Fpacket=bit rate/payload (1)
The process of encapsulating digital voice into IP format is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Encapsulation of digital voice into IP
Based on Figure 2., the total packet size is given by
Tpacket=Ethernet header + IP header + UDP header + RTP eader + payload (2)
Then the required ethernet bandwidth is given by
BWethernet=Fpacket x Tpacket (3)
A. PoI and PoC
West Region covers the region of Sumatra which is divided into North and South regions. This
region is divided into 38 PoC and 8 PoI. The busy hour amount of traffic from each PoI of XL on
February 2017 can be seen in Table 2.
Table 2. Busy Hour Traffic Of Xl On February 2017
No. PoI Interconnection Partner Traffic
(Erl)
Isat Tsel Three
1 Aceh - 5,533 - 5,533
2 Batam 810 1,523 - 2,332
3 Jambi 1,148 - - 1,148
4 Lampung 3,045 - 2,517 5,563
5 Medan 8,709 3,018 - 11,727
6 Padang 921 - - 921
7 Palembang 8,387 - 5,572 13,958
8 Pekanbaru 267 1,118 - 1,385
Total Traffic
(Erlang)
23,286 11,192 8,089 42,567
It is shown from Table III that that for the West area (Pulau Sumatera) XL has 7 (seven) PoI with
Indosat, 5 (five) PoI to Telkomsel and 2 (two) PoI to the operator Three. Of the total PoI, the highest
number of traffic is found in PoI Palembang which ranks first and consists of interconnection traffic
with Indosat and Three. PoI Medan ranks second highest traffic consisting of interconnection traffic
6. 1st International Conference on Advance and Scientific Innovation (ICASI)
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1175(2019) 012110
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towards Indosat and Telkomsel. Based on the traffic measurement results in Table 4.2, where
Palembang and Medan have the highest traffic, the two cities are proposed as candidates for the new
PoI point for Sumatra region for IP interconnection. PoI Medan can be an interconnection point for the
northern part of Sumatra and Palembang for the south. Figure 3. shows the proposed XL
interconnection scheme in Sumatra region.
Figure 3. Proposed redundancy traffic scheme in Sumatra region
From Figure 3. it appears that the two cities' elections are also based on the need for redundancy for the
regional region of Sumatra, where if there is one interconnection link broken into one city, then links in
other cities will become backup. The division of Sumatra into northern and southern regions has also
been applied to existingnetwork core networks so that it becomes synchronized with the proposed two
PoI points for IP interconnection.
B. Interconnection Bandwidth Requirement
The bandwidth requirement for IP interconnection of XL Axiata operator in Sumatra region can be
calculated using equation (3). Required data is the amount of current traffic to each destination (other
operators). Table 3. shows the results of bandwidth requirements for interconnection between XL and
Indosat using 2 (two) different codec types.
Table 3. Peak Traffic Interconnection Between XL - ISat
No PoI
No. of
E1
No.
of
DS0
Traffic
(Erl)
IP Bandwidth
(Mbps)
G.711 G.729 G.723
1 Batam 6 186 33.36 3.02 1.15 .87
2 Pekanbaru 4 124 12.5 1.13 .43 .33
3 Medan 56 1736 631.17 57.06 21.71 16.48
4 Jambi 8 248 45.46 4.11 1.56 1.19
5 Lampung 9 279 107.43 9.71 3.70 2.80
6 Padang 4 124 43.02 3.89 1.48 1.12
7 Palembang 26 806 255.93 23.14 8.80 6.68
11
3
3,503 1,129 102.05 38.83 29.47
From Table 4.3 it can be seen that for the total traffic of 1,129 Erlang in all interconnection points
of Sumatra region between XL Axiata and Indosat required 103 Mbps bandwidth using G.711, 39
Mbps codec using G.729 and 30 Mbps codec using G.723 codec.
By using Table 4.3 it can also be compared the need of IP bandwidth with the number of E1 that
exist today. Using the results from the table, it can be concluded for the total number of TDM
interconnections totaling 113 E1 equivalent to 226 Mbps of bandwidth can be selected three codec
usage options that will determine the required IP bandwidth and the resulting sound quality
consequences (using MOS values). With the G.711 codec, the bandwidth efficiency obtained is the
smallest of 54% with the best voice quality (MOS = 4.1). With the G.726 codec, the bandwidth
7. 1st International Conference on Advance and Scientific Innovation (ICASI)
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1175(2019) 012110
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efficiency gained is that of 83% with good voice quality (MOS = 3.92). With G.723 codec, the highest
bandwidth efficiency is 87% with good voice quality (MOS = 3.9). It is shown from the table that the
bandwidth requirement is depend on the codec type. The operator able to select the type of codec that
will be used to determine the amount of IP bandwidth required and the voice quality to be generated
based on the MOS value. This bandwidth requirement is only based on current traffic and does not
take into account the prediction of future needs and backup capacity if there is an outage or link failure.
C. Inter Access Technology
Since 4G network are still being developed in phases by most of operators in Indonesia, some part
of the regions currently still operates in legacy 2G or 3G network or combination of it. For voices
services, in core network part mostly still being served by Mobile Switching System (MSS) entity
instead of IMS since it is also under deployment stage. These situations bring difference types of voice
call handling from network point of view.
Operators equipped either with MSS or IMS platform in the core network are basically ready for IP
based voice interconnection. IMS is using Border Gateway Function (BGF) and Media Gateway
component to interconnect with TDM (E1) interface and using Interconnection Border Control Function
(IBCF) subsystem to interconnect with IP protocols. MSS and PSTN Switch needs additional
component called Session Border Controller (SBC) to be able to interconnect with another operator
using IP interface and protocols.
4. Conclusions
The readiness evaluation of XLAxiata operator shows that the operator is ready to migrate to IP-based
interconnects. It can be seen from the results that with IP- based interconnection for voice services has
reduced the need for bandwidth significantly. By using G.711 codec obtained bandwidth requirement
of 103 Mbps with MOS 4.1, whereas when used G. 723 codec requires bandwidth of 30 Mbps but with
MOS 3,9. For the case of XL Axiata operator, migration to IP-based interconnection is one of the
strategies to support VoLTEdeployment.
Acknowledgement
Our thanks to Ministry of Research and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia for partially funding
this research under the National Strategy Grant 2017 and PITTA 2017 Universitas Indonesia.
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