Anatomy of the reproductive system. Mainly related to obstetrics

1. Embryology of Female Genital System
• Ovary from Coelomic Epithelium
• Uterus from Mullerian Ducts
• Portion of Vagina from Sinovaginal bulb

2. APPLIED ANATOMY -IMPERFORATE HYMEN

8. MANAGEMENT

9. ISTHMUS-
Narrow part between cervix & corpus of uterus.
Same histological structures as corpus of uterus incorporated
into cavity of uterus during pregnancy – isthmus opens up, so
anatomical internal os ceases to exist, only histological os
remains.

11. Hegar’s sign-
 At 6-10 wks.
 Seen in 2/3rd of cases
 Bimanual palpation
 Fingers of both hands approximate
,there is softening of isthmus with
gestational sac in the upper cavity and
empty lower cavity

12. Symphysio fundal height ( SFH ) in cm, after 24
weeks upto 36 weeks corresponds to number of
weeks
SFH can be used to clinically calculate the
estimated fetal weight using Johnson’s formula
Fetal weight = (SFH – n) x 155
n=12 if vertex is above ischial spine,
n=11 is vertex is below ischial spine

14. Arrangement of muscle fibres-
1.Outer longitudinal: hoodlike layer ,arches over fundus and extends
into various ligaments.
2. Middle layer: thickest and strongest, arranged in criss cross
fashion. Apposition of 2 double curve muscle fibres – fig of 8 form
which form the “ living ligatures”.
3. Inner circular: sphincter like fibres around fallopian tube orifices and
internal os of cervix.

15. • Muscle fibre undergoes elongation,
apposition of 2 double curves make
figure of 8 that contract to occlude
the blood vessels running in
between them.
• CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE :
occlusion of vessels during
contractions helps in reducing the
amount of blood loss postpartum