Essay On Rwanda Genocide

The Rwandan Genocide: A Crime Against Humanity
The Rwandan Genocide was a genocidal mass slaughter of Tutsi and moderate Hutu in Rwanda by
members of the Hutu majority.
The Randwa genocide was very much of a crime against humanity in the sense that many innocent
lives were taken. It took place in a time that cause a majority of ethnic group to be killed, in Rwanda.
One must look deep into one of the darker times of humanity to really understand. From the history
behind it, to Canada's response, and to the effect of the people involved the Rwanda genocide is to be
looked at from a critical eye.
History is something that everyone has, it is the building blocks to events that are terrifying or
powerful, in the case of the Rwandan genocide it was terrifying. The first signs of tension came from
the Belgians,...show more content...
Canada merely ignored the cries of the Rwandan genocide as the canadian peacekeepers only saw
all the awful and unspeakable things had happened on Rwandan soil. "The imperative of saving
hundreds of thousands of lives clearly was not enough of a reason for Canada to engage halfway
around the world 15 years ago in Rwanda." In other words canada saw no effort to save people
from the genocide as it the amount of money, political ties, and economic and cultural difference
held Canada back. It made them see the genocide as just a mere argument and didn't really think
of the people who were victims and directly involved. The result of this action can be seen as a
way in which after the true calamity and end result of the genocide it because clear the Canada's
role, or rather not of was a great mistake that now still haunts canada in today's society. "One of the
most surprising discoveries we made ... is how vulnerable we are here in Canada to the indirect
consequences of events like the Rwanda genocide". This is something that made genocide a different
term in the eyes and minds of the western
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Essay on Genocide in Rwanda
Genocide in Rwanda
Raphael Lemkin coined the term "genocide" in 1944. According to Lemkin, genocide signifies the
destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group and implies the existence of a coordinated plan, aimed
at total extermination, to be put into effect against individuals chosen as victims purely, simply, and
exclusively because they are members of the target group. This coordinated plan is committed with
the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group. According to
the United Nations' definition of genocide in their 1948 declaration of the Convention on the
Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, genocide is a crime under international law
and classified as such:...show more content...
For instance, genocide has the tendency to occur in rural societies that are communal, divided, and
in the mode of inequality and problematic issues. It also has the tendency to occur when the
government says that it is okay to resolve those problematic issues using violence. An example in
which there was a combination of racism, power struggles, and violence that all led to genocide is
in the specific case of Rwanda between the Hutu and Tutsi populations. Before colonial rule, the
Tutsi were herdsmen and came from the Nile Valley. They brought concepts of power, monarchy,
and kingship to Rwanda. The Tutsi took grazing lands from the Hutu, who were farmers, and lived
among them. Gourevitch states that this was the original inequality: cattle were a more valuable
asset than produce…and the word Tutsi became synonymous with a political and economic
elite (p. 48). The Tutsi, who were the powers of Rwanda, also became the protectors of the Hutu
because they were armed with weapons and spears. Rwanda was certainly an unequal society, but the
ethnic boundary was permeable. Overtime, some Tutsi married Hutu. Also, Hutu farmers could, and
did, become wealthy Tutsi and acquired cattle as chiefs were incorporated into the ruling elite. Much
authority was given to Hutu chiefs and certain obligations were imposed on Tutsi administrators as
well.
Colonial rule, however, transformed this

Write An Essay On The Rwanda Genocide
In the end of the Boy in the Striped Pajamas, it says " Of course this happened a long time ago and
nothing like this could ever happen again." (Boyne, 2005, page 216). This statement is irony at its
best. Genocide is the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or
cultural group. This killing of entire groups of people has happened all through history, if you think
about how long humans have been on the earth, the holocaust which happened from 1933–1945, is
not that long ago, and there have been many genocides between then and present day, including
Cambodia 1975, Al–Anfal 1980, Rwanda 1990, and Bosnia 1991. For instance, the Darfur genocide
2003–20011 wasn't even 10 years ago. There are also many similarities...show more content...
If you are to look at many genocides throughout history, these are three of the main factors that
stay the same. A weak government after some type of conflict, A group of people blamed for
something they had no control over, and the government or other governments ignoring denying
that anything is happening. ". . .only the victims and survivors can truly comprehend the
awfulness of that time and place; the rest of us live on the other side of the fence, staring through
from our own comfortable place, trying in our own clumsy ways to make sense of it all." (Boyne,
2005, page). The quote from the boy in the striped pajamas is suppose to make people think about
but also understand that you can't fully know what happened to those people without being there.
Bruno dies in a gas chamber at the end of the Boy in the Striped Pajamas, along with the other in
the concentration camp. Bruno was wearing striped pajamas because of this no one knew who he
was. This shows that in the end there is no difference between Shmuel and Bruno, no difference
regardless of religion and race, they were just as human as each

Genocide in Rwanda Essay
Genocide
War is not a necessary evil humans must endure. Although, war is not necessary, humans go to war
to try to gain power, fortune, and to spread their particular group's religions and beliefs. By
definition civilization is an advanced state of intellectual, cultural, and material development in
human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, the extensive use of record–keeping,
including writing, and the appearance of complex political and social institutions. The chaos of war
is reflected in the semantic history of the word war. War can be traced back to the Indo–European
root *wers–, "to confuse, mix up." In the Germanic family of the Indo–European languages, this root
gave rise to several words having to do with...show more content...
They also had begun organized slaughter, starting in the capital Kigali. They had killed nearly one
million Rwandans in 100 days time.
The first people to be killed were those most likely to resist the plan of genocide. Those people
included the Prime Minister, the Prisdent of the constitutional court, priests, leaders of the Liberal
Pary, etc. Also, those who did not immediately join the comapaign, like the governor of the south,
were removed from their political positions and some politicians were killed.
As the killing intensified, the international community deserted Rwanda. The US closed their eyes
to the problems going on in Rwanda and Burundi because it did not affect them. Western nations
landed troops in Rwanda or Burundi in the first week to evacuate their citizens, did so, and left.
The UN mission (UNAMIR), created in October 1993 to keep the peace and assist the governmental
transition in Rwanda, sought to intervene between the killers and civilians. It also tried to mediate
between the RPF and the Rwandan army after the RPF struck from Rwanda to protect Tutsi and
rescue their battalion encamped in Kigali as part of the Accord. On April 21, 1994, the United
Nations Security Council, at the behest of the United States–which had no troops in
Rwanda–Belgium, and others, voted to withdraw all but a remnant of UNAMIR. The Security
Council took

An Essay On The Rwandan Genocide
of the genocide. During this genocide, 11% of the Rwandan population was lost. This is the highest
casualty rate of a population in history from non–natural causes (Prunier 265). "Many of those
seeking refuge had been involved with either the armed forces of Rwanda or Hutu militia groups,
and some were fugitives of justice that had committed genocide" (Adelman). "Approximately 1
million Hutu refugees fled Rwanda to Zaire, which is now Dem. Republic of Congo, and another
half million fled to Tanzania" (Adelman). About 300,000 of the refugees leaving the country was
Hutu killer (Prunier 265). Even though this genocide had a main target group, it was also the killers
that were affected. After the Rwandan Genocide several militia leaders were tried in a court. "One
significant result was the establishment of a special international criminal tribunal to indict and try
perpetrators of the Rwandan...show more content...
It is disappointing that the history of Rwanda,..., may still repeat itself. I may not have the power
or influence to stop this tragedy, but I am not going to sit idly by and watch another tragedy
continue to unfold before my eyes" US House2 5). Genocide has been around for centuries and
unfortunately countries such as Rwanda had to witness the atrocities of genocide. Unlike the
holocaust, the Hutus main goal was to slaughter as many Tutsi as they could in as little as 100
days. It is equally important to remember those that suffered from this historical event will never
forget it. The Rwandan genocide was a 100 day massacre that was started by the Hutu President's
place accident, which was blamed on the Tutsi from previous political disputes. All in all, the
question still remains whether the Hutus shot their own president's plane down to start a war of
massacre or if the Tutsi were really trying to regain

Essay On Rwanda Genocide
The Rwandan Genocide: Crime against humanity
Throughout history, human beings have revolutionized the world using technology and other
innovative means. However, it goes without saying on the opposite side of the coin that although
people are capable of creating phenomenal things, people are just as capable of destruction. For as
long as there has been differences amongst people in society, there has always been discrimination
against people in regards to a certain race, class, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and etc. In the
most extreme cases, differences of groups of people in society have resulted in mass persecution
through the systematic destruction know as genocide. In society, atrocious genocides aren't
uncommon events. Since the beginning of time, people have participated in horrific acts of injustice
against one another from the first modern genocide of "the 13th century, when heretics in Medieval
Europe were massacred during Albigensian Crusade" (History 1) to the most recent, the Rwandan
Genocide. The...show more content...
This made the Hutus alter their strategy completely and they decided to exterminate the Tutsis
completely to get ride of opposition, so that they will remain in power.
During the Rwandan genocide, systematic rape was also practiced "as a weapon of war" (End
Genocide). There was around 250,000 to 500,000 women raped and it was done to destroy the Tutsi
by emotional pain. The Hutus wanted the woman to "die of sadness" and to cripple them with health
problems. In most cases, the women were murdered after being raped. Eventually, in the span of 100
days, the RPF started to "make gains on both the battlefield and in the negotiations led by Tanzania".
In the beginning of July, the RPF gained authority over the majority of the country and many Hutus
left the

The Rwanda Genocide Essay
The world's history has been tainted by many instances of violence targeted at specific groups of
people due to either their ethnicity or beliefs. This paper will discuss the characteristics of the
Rwanda Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust. The Rwanda Genocide targeted the Tutsis because of
their ethnicity, while the Holocaust targeted the Jews because of their ethnicity and religion.
To really understand the Rwandan Genocide and the Final Solution, one must understand the
background of the two exterminated peoples. The Tutsis are an ethnic group that resides in the
African Great Lakes region. During the Europeans settlements in Rwanda, the colonists need an
identifier to separate the population of Rwanda. Belgium settlers defined "Tutsi"...show more
content...
(Hitler's Book "Mein Kampf") The Nazis claimed that the Jewish people and religion was the
source of their downfall, and the genocide of the Jewish people was their only option.
Propaganda for the Rwanda Genocide began when the RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) invaded
Rwanda in 1990. Thus, the Hutu Power Movement began. A group of government officers and
officials began a magazine called "Kangura", which spread anti–Tutsi propaganda. The Hutu Ten
Commandments, which were published in the Kangura, was an example of racist guidelines for the
Hutus if they ever came into contact with a Tutsi. By 1990, the Rwandan army began arming its
civilians with swords and clubs under the pretense of self defense. These weapons became the main
tools used in the genocide. After the ceasefire between the Rwanda government and the RPF in
1992, Hutu extremists in the Rwandan government and the army began to plot against the President
in fear of allowing the Tutsis to participate in governmental issues. The extremists began a new
radios station named "Radio TГ©lГ©vision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLMC), which broadcasted
racist propaganda against Tutsis. Hutu extremist leaders also staged or reported false events to
convince the Hutu population that the Tutsis were accomplices of the RPF. (Propaganda and
Practice) The Holocaust, on the other hand, utilized many more ways of propaganda.

Rwanda Genocide Sociology
The term genocide encompasses some of the darkest times in the history of the world. There is no
definitive answer as to what drives one sect of society to try and eliminate another based purely on
their cultural, racial, national or political affiliation either by birth or by choice. During World War
II, between six and eleven million Jewish people were systematically exterminated by the Nazis.
Although it was the most prolific of genocides, it was not the first or the last of this atrocity to
occur. In 1994, genocide occurred in the African nation of Rwanda. At the time it happened, the
world paid little heed while almost a million people were killed. After the incident, the reaction of
the United Nations came under scrutiny as researchers...show more content...
This had to do with the peacekeepers that were sent to Rwanda, and how long they should stay
there. The UN wanted to pull out troops, but they did not want to be hated. During the time the
plan was being approved President Clinton did not want to commit any forces to Rwanda.
Because of this, the US was scrutinized by the media and asked why they said no, but they did
try to help clean up the situation. Althorugh troops were sent, they did not arrive until the middle
of July. Though they were late, this did help to receive any other refugees to get away and to
clam the genocide. But only fifty US vehicles were really sent to help them get out, the extra
troops were sent by the UN Secretary General for peacekeeping duties along with 200 artillery
pieces for a thousand men. Thanks to all the plans that had been approved and suggested by
others to appease the situation thought many have died a few were saved thanks to UN efforts
and as all know thans to a certain owner of a hotel who convinced a UN officer to take refugees
out of Rwanda despite the risk of taking them out. There were many road blocks that were
swarming with Hutus trying to stop them , but it was too late and because of this many more
lives were saved so the UN sending peacekeepers actually saved lives CONCLUSION In
conclusion, the Rwandan genocide clearly stemmed from decades of feuds and led to the death of
over 800,000 people. Some people think the genocide could have been prevented if the United States
and the United Nations would have done more sooner. Looking at the history of Alexander

Essay On Genocide In Rwanda
Heartbreak and Loss Inside a Nation
Harmony turned power hungry. The Tutsis, tall warrior people, invaded the homeland of the Hutu
farmers. The Tutsis had fewer numbers. Yet, they still conquered the Hutus. There was a
compromise: if the Tutsis raised the crops the Hutus would in turn protect them. They lived as one,
spoke the same language, and intermarried. However, when Belgium withdrew their troops a power
vacuum spread rapidly throughout the rugged Rwandan plains. The Tutsis and Hutus civil war
turned into a mass genocide that lasted for months. Some 600 years after, the Hutus pushed aside the
Tutsi and finally regained their rightfully deserved control. Now, Rwanda is at peace, but concerned
with AIDS and other diseases. It is made lots...show more content...
Instead of confronting the Hutus with words or nonviolent protests, the Tutsis began a warfare. I
learned that no more than half of the Tutsi and Hutu groups can read and write in their native
language. Belgium and Germany must have seen this as an advantage. The Tutsis who held military
power inherited it from the colonia lpower and don't want to share fully with the Hutus. A news
reporter stated, "The German and Belgian invaders shrewdly manipulated the Tutsi and Hutu with
the age–old, highly effective "divide and rule" strategy." If the Tutsis and Hutus had been educated
they would have realized that. If they had a higher education they could have run for office, instead
of electing a king. They were smart enough to form an army, train children with deadly weapons,
and kill millions of people. The only difference between the two groups is economical, rather than
ethical. Once they began the assassinations they could not stop the slaughter. At first the Hutus were
victims of the atrocity, but once they regained power terror struck down on the Tutsis. All the unfair
distribution of resources such as, wealth, and education powered their fight. Segregation was also a
fuel that was ignited every time they were called "dark

Rwanda Genocide Essay
Imagine living a life of fear, turmoil, with death all around. Hearing gun shots being fired, death
chants, machete use, dead bodies everywhere. Afraid to close your eyes at night to rest, yet more
afraid to wake up in the morning. To sustain your life and the life of your loved ones you must
hide out, kill others, watch your neighbors be killed at the hands of the enemy. Knowing if you
are caught you could be forced to murder your own family, be raped, be held captive, be starved to
death, and most likely be killed. In 1994, this was the life many faced in Rwanda. "Rwanda has
become a synonym for one of the worst genocides of the 20th century (Lemarchand, (n.d.), p. 483).
Rwanda is a small country located near the center of Africa. Kigali is the capital which is located in
the center of the country. In 1991, the population of Rwanda was 7.7 million, according to the
national census. Rwanda was made up of three ethnic groups 90 percent of the population was Hutu,
9 percent was Tutsi, and 1 percent was Twa (Worldwithoutgenocide.org, 2013). A civil war broke out
between the two major ethnic groups the Hutus and the Tutsis, which led to a large–scale...show
more content...
Rwanda's colonial period, the Belgians chose the minority Tutsis over the Hutus which created a
legacy of tension that erupted into violence. In 1959, ethnic violence was directed against the Tutsi
chiefs erupted, killing hundreds of people, both Tutsis and Hutus. This violence ended rather quickly
with assistance from the Belgian troops. This was the beginning of the first phase of the Hutu–led
revolutionary process that forced over 200,000 Tutsis to depart from Rwanda. By 1961, the
victorious Hutus had banished Rwanda's Tutsi monarchy, declaring the country a republic. Rwanda
gained independence from Belgium in July of 1962 (History.com,

International Response To Rwanda Genocide
The international response to this crisis was absolutely abysmal. Despite having had clear
knowledge of the events occurring in Rwanda, the international community, namely the United
States and the United Nations, remained unresponsive, allowing the genocide to proceed unabated.
In late April 1994, amid urgent calls for an increase of forces, the United Nations Security Council
passed resolution 912, which, despite their stated, 'deep concern' for the Tutsi people, withdrew 90%
of UN troops from Rwanda, leaving only 270 soldiers in the country to protect civilians from
genocide. NSA declassified documents clearly show how the United States willfully chose to be
bystanders to the conflict that decimated the Tutsi population of Rwanda, having

Introduction When the Belgian colonizers entered Rwanda in 1924, they created an ethnic
classification between the Hutu and the Tutsi, two tribes who used to live together as one. After
independence in 1962, there was a constant power struggle between the two tribes. Former Canadian
Prime Minister, Jean–Pierre ChrГ©tien described the situation as "tribalism without tribes."
(Destexhe, 1995) There were many signs leading towards genocide, yet the nations in power chose to
ignore them. From April 6, 1994 until mid–July, a time spanning approximately of 100 days,
800,000 people were murdered when the Hutu attacked the Tutsi. No foreign aid came to the rescue
until it was too late. Ten years after the genocide the United Nations was still...show more content...
In 1993 the Hutu president, Habyarimana started to use radio broadcasts to try and create a feeling
of hatred amongst the Hutu against the Tutsi. One example was, "The grave is only half full. Who
will help us fill it?" or in 1994, "By 5 May, the country must be completely cleansed of Tutsis."
(Destexhe, 1995) President Habyarimana issued threats on two levels. Publicly, the Tutsi race was
threatened of annihilation. Yet the radio broadcasts also made the Hutus feel as if they were under
threat, and must attack the Tutsis.
When on April 6, 1994 Hutu President Habyarimana died after his plane was shot down, Rwanda's
extremist Hutu immediately sent out an order for Rwanda's mayors, militias, and death squads to
start killing the Tutsis. From there, the Interhamwe (those who attack together), an unofficial militia
group of about 30,000 fighters, was organized. (Gale, 2010) Those in power started to create death
lists, hunt down the Tutsi on these lists and kill them. Radios broadcasted the command for all
Hutus to join the campaign to kill the Tutsis. The speed and level of violence shocked many as Hutu
gangs armed with swords, spears, and machetes attacked the Tutsis. The Tutsis hid in hospitals and
churches until the Hutu police came, tearing down doors and killing more. It was estimated that
20,000 people were murdered per day.
The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a group of exiled Tutsis and sympathetic Hutus that formed in
1988 came into action. They had to

Rwandan Genocide Essay
The formation of the United Nations in 1945 was marked by an international outcry to 'never again'
idly bear witness to the genocidal atrocities capable of man, as so harshly revealed in the nature of
the Holocaust. In doing so, all member states actively sought to facilitate discussion in the United
Nations as a world forum, in order to achieve both international and intra–national security. While the
United Nations has achieved various successes in the international community, the international
entity and its' member states are subject to various legal and moral flaws, weakening response to
conflicts in the contemporary era of international relations. These failures are exemplified tragically
in the response to the Rwandan genocide in...show more content...
The genocide was partly founded in ethno–politics, as a group of exiled Hutus, the Rwandan
Patriotic Front, invaded Rwanda from Uganda in order to reclaim their power within Rwanda from
the Tutsi peoples.
The turbulent relationship between the two groups was founded in pre–colonial, colonial,
post–colonial and modern relationships and frameworks. The pre–colonial ethnic distinctions of
Hutu, Tutsi and Twa, defined by social and economic organization were furthered by colonization,
during which rigid segregation continued to plague political and social Rwandan frameworks. These
distinctions were hypothesized and glorified by the academic community during colonization as the
Hamitic hypothesis began to gain prominence. The theory was based upon the idea of a scientific
racial supremacy separating the three tribes, praising the Tutsi pastoralists as being naturally
destined to be the ruling group (Codere 1962, 48). Further, the premise was of distinguishable,
observable traits between the two groups, in a practice often conceptualized as scientific racism. As
decolonization became a more common shift in the international realm, the second colonizers of
Rwanda, the state of Belgium, began to maintain authority over the territory. The Rwandan
Revolution of 1959, saw a dramatic switch in the Rwandan power structure, as the Hutu majority
suddenly rose to prominence and the Tutsi were excluded from government with active

Essay On Rwanda Genocide
The Rwandan Genocide Genocide is the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially
those of a particular ethnic group or nation. The Hutu extremists did not like the Tutsi because of
the last few years under oppressive Tutsi rule; they believed many of the Tutsi citizens supported the
rebel group Rwandan Patriotic Front. From April to July 1994, over 800,000 Tutsi and thousands of
Hutu moderates were killed all within a period of 100 days during the Rwandan Genocide.
During the 1990's the Tutsi and Hutu were already in a bad place after recently being under
oppressive Tutsis rule. The Hutu extremist blamed all their country's social and economic problems
on the Tutsi people. A civil war was caused after a group of Rwandan exiles formed the Rwandan
Patriotic Front: a Tutsi–dominated rebel group, and had attacked Rwanda from their home base in
Uganda. The invasion caused tension levels between the two sides to skyrocket
On April 6th, 1994 President Juvenal Habyarimana's plane was shot down, killing everyone on
board after flying back from delivering speeches in neighboring countries. Despite the negotiations
to keep peace, President Juvenal Habyarimana's death sparked a wide spread of violence....show
more content...
High political leaders who could challenge the Hutu were killed off almost immediately, and
anyone suspected of being a Tutsi or having ties to a Tutsi was killed. Tutsi were killed in their
own homes and as they tried to escape the country. Whole Tutsi families were killed all at the same
time. Women were beaten and brutally raped. More than 67% of the women raped during the
genocide were infected with HIV and

Case Study: Rwanda Genocide Essay
Case Study: Rwanda
The conflict in Rwanda is probably the most well known and documented case of genocide since the
holocaust. Through years of discrimination based on ethnic and class based differences, the
population of Rwanda has been constantly entrenched in periods of fighting, refuge and genocide. In
the following essay we will explore the background of the conflict. Specifically the historical
implications, the parties involved the reasons for the fighting and the result of conflict. Next we will
try to investigate some of the theories related to the conflict and discuss views of prominent authors
who have attempted to define the reasoning behind this most incomprehensible conflict.
Historical Background
The origin of the...show more content...
The identity cards remained in use into the post–independence era, and unfortunately also provided
central assistance to the crazed militias who would later carry out the atrocities on the Rwandan
population.
After World War II, the trend of decolonization was sweeping Africa and the pacific and it was then
that the Tutsis would lead a campaign for independence from the Belgians (Cook, 2006). With the
opportunity for independence, Rwandans like in any other country fighting for independence at the
time, divided into parties vying for the lead role in government. While the Tutsis historically had
privilege to this position, before decolonization occurred the Belgians began switching out Tutsi
representatives for Hutus out of fear that a majority Hutu party would come out victorious (Rwanda,
2008). The Belgian suspicion of a Hutu overthrow came to fruition when the Hutus took control of
Rwanda in 1959 (Rwanda, 2008). After the overthrow, vengeful Hutu militias murdered about
15,000 Tutsis, and more than 100,000 Tutsis fled to bordering countries, primarily Uganda and
Burundi (Cook, 2006). The Tutsis remaining in Rwanda were stripped of their possessions and
positions of power under the regime of JuvГ©nal Habyarimana, who came to power in 1973
(January, 2007).
Background Post–Independence/Parties
During Habyarimana's rule as president an estimated one

Issues In Rwanda Genocide
The absence within the literature of the central pillars and their composed themes creates problems
when trying to address current and future contention between the international community and
Rwanda. By relying largely on the genocide guilt card, issues important to Rwanda are sometimes
either overlooked or plainly forgotten. The result is miscommunication and misunderstandings that
complicate a delicate situation. For example is the previously mentioned debate on term limits for
President Kagame. Despite the thesis not discussing the third term debate except for the mention in
Chapter Two, it is an important event that will help continue the trend of howRwanda views the
actions and decisions by international actors.
The debate on whether...show more content...
The issue of abandonment will be brought to the forefront but not in terms of the genocide guilt
card. Rwandan officials will believe that the same states that abandoned Rwanda before and during
the genocide have little ability to criticise the continuation of the only person who did not leave the
country during its darkest periods. President Kagame as leader of the RPF led the campaign to put
an end to the massacres in response to international abandonment of the genocide. This might be
easily misinterpreted as Rwanda promoting genocide guilt to deflect criticism of electing Kagame
for more terms than the current Constitution allows. But at the heart of the issue is the distrust of the
international community. They rather listen to and trust Kagame who did not abandoned the
country rather than the countries that did. How he ended the genocide and led the nation into wars
with the DRC is met with the other two themes. Unlike the international community, which seems to
disappoint Rwanda by not properly combating the FDLR , Kagame is credited for promoting the
security of Rwandans by fighting the FDLR and other extremist groups bent on harming Rwanda.
These military campaigns are all through a central belief that Rwanda needs to be self–reliant for its
own protection and development. Since the 2012 M23 allegations and aid withdrawal by donors,
Rwandans are increasingly accepting President Kagame's call for self–reliance. As discussed in
Chapter Six, his rhetoric campaigns against foreign aid, Kagame continues to instruct Rwandans to
trust that economic development has to come from within Rwanda rather than continual acceptance
of foreign aid. Ronal Nkusi commented how the reduction of aid went beyond just the realm of
rhetoric to include it as a belief to be held by all government officials. This

Genocide in Rwanda Essay
Genocide is "the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, ethnic, political, or cultural group".
In Rwanda for example, the Hutu–led government embraced a new program that called for the
country's Hutu people to murder anyone that was a Tutsi (Gourevitch, 6). This new policy of one
ethnic group (Hutu) that was called upon to murder another ethnic group (Tutsi) occurred during
April through June of 1994 and resulted in the genocide of approximately 800,000 innocent people
that even included women and children of all ages. In this paper I will first analyze the origins
/historical context regarding the discontent amongst the Hutu and Tutsi people as well as the
historical context as to why major players in the international...show more content...
The Belgians also decreed that Tutsis should be the only ones in power and thus removed Hutus
from positions of power and excluded them from higher education (Arraras). "By assuring the Tutsis'
monopoly of power the Belgians set the stage for future conflict in Rwanda" (Arraras). The Tutsis
were enjoying their status as being superior to the Hutus but all that changed in 1959 with the
Hutu revolution and so in 1960 and 1961 the Hutus won the elections. Since then, ethnic tensions
had always been brewing between the Hutus and the Tutsis. However the tensions escalated when
Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana, a Hutu, was shot down above Kigali airport on April
6, 1994. I consider this to be a form of political violence because someone or a group that opposed
this President which represented only the political interests as well as the viability of the Hutus had
to be killed in order for another group possibly the Tutsis to fill the vacuum of power left by the
Hutu president. The Hutus blamed the assassination of their president on the Tutsis and in turn
sparked an all out massacre waged on to the Tutsi people. Although it is sometimes viewed that
major players in the international community did not get involved in the conflict between the Hutus
and the Tutsis I argue that in some form or fashion they did. For example, prior to the genocide of
1994 the United States had formed an alliance with the Tutsis, they even gave Paul Kagame,
co–founder of the

Causes And Effects Of The Rwandan Genocide
History Assignment Tim Human 24 October
Rwanda Genocide
Introduction:
For my research task on the Rwandan Genocide I will be discussing the causes and effects of the
Rwandan Genocide and I will be stating the events prior to the genocide. My research will be
focused on three main questions, what caused the Genocide?What were the events prior to the
Genocide? And what effects did the Genocide have on the countries involved?I will be talking about
belgium and their colonialism as well as the Tutsis and the Hutu's.
Historical Context:
The two groups (the hutus and the tutsis) lived in peace with one another. Tutsis being landowners
and Hutus being workers of the land because of their traditional grouping. Their relationship was
disrupted by the Belgians when they colonised Rwanda.
Analysis:...show more content...
Rwanda was inhabited by two main groups, the Hutus and the Tutsis. The Hutus were traditionally
crop growers whereas the Tutsis were herdsmen. This division of labour meant that the Hutus far
outnumbered the Tutsis. This meant that the two groups were separated not literally but
figuratively in their roles of labour. When Rwanda was colonised by Belgium, a wedge was
forced in between these two groups fully separating them. This was because the practice of the
colonial administrators was to select those who were more privileged or educated as factors for the
decision of who would run the country and who would be run. The belgians chose the Tutsis; tall,
landowners and to the Europeans eye they were more political by appearance and nature. THis
introduction of classification brought an unbalance to Rwanda. Some Tutsis began to behave like
aristocrats and the Hutu to feel like they were peasants or

Essay On The Rwanda Genocide
DAYSTAR UNIVERSITY
School of Arts and Humanities
Department of Theology and Biblical Studies
ETH 202: Ethics of War and Peace
Assignment: Credo II
A discussion on the Rwandan Genocide and Kenyan Post Election Violence
Presented by: K. Ntinyari Mbogori 15–1658
Presented to: Reverend Steven Nduto
Date: 29|09|17
1.What was the main reason that triggered the Rwandan Genocide on April 7, 1994?
The country of Rwanda comprises an old kingdom that spanned several hundreds of years,
established, ruled and ran by a people who spoke the language Kinyarwanda. Within its years, these
people split into two groups namely the Hutu and the Tutsi. It is unclear why, but it is speculated that
it may have been because of the different occupations they took; the Hutu being farmers and the
Tutsi raising cattle. The Tutsi, despite...show more content...
What possible benefits did the Kenyans got from the 2007/2008 PEV?
Post– election violence occurred following similar ethnic frustrations to the Rwandan Genocide.
Once again, the perceived marginalization of one community economically, politically and socially
led to an uprising that devastated the country. Prior to this, Kenya had been considered the most
stable and the most successful democracies in East Africa following the landslide victory that
overthrew Daniel Arap Moi.
Following the announcement of the election victor on December 27th 2008 and the subsequent
clandestine swearing–in ceremony of the announced winner Mwai Kibaki, violence erupted around
the country with tribes of the western part of Kenya namely the Luo and Kalenjin rising up against
the Kikuyu and the latter's retaliation. The violence spread and lasted until February the next year
after which followed the peace, power–sharing and mediation talks conducted by Kofi Anan the
former UN Secretary General. By this time, an estimated 1500 Kenyans had been killed and
thousands others displaced, doomed to live several years in Internally Displaces Person's

Research Paper On Rwanda Genocide
Rwanda Genocide
The Rwanda genocide is one of the worst genocides in human history. Genocide is a mass murder
of a group of people depending on their race or religion. Rwanda is in Eastern part of Africa near
the equator. There were many terrible causes and people who contributed to the outcome of this
terrible genocide. There are several causes to this genocide, but it happened very fast. It was April
6th, 1994 when the president, Habyarimana's plane was shot down with a ground to air missile
when it was just about to land at Kigali airport. It was believed that Hutu extremists shot down the
plane, but it was never proven. When it started it was within 24 hours when road blocks started
going up and checkpoints were people were getting killed. When people went to these road blocks
and if they were Tutsis their ID was seized and they were poled out of their car and killed with
machetes, but some taller and thinner Hutus were thought to be Tutsis and were also killed. These
road blocks...show more content...
The first person arrested was the past mayor of Taba, Jean–Paul Akayesu in 1998 who was convicted
of genocide. Over 120,000 people are jailed. A day after Jean Paul Akayesu the prime minister of
Rwanda Jean Kambanda with multiple convictions of genocide and crimes against humanity and
conspires. After the genocide it is believed that 750,000 Tutsis, 50,000 moderate Hutus and 10,000
to over 100,000 Hutus were killed. In 2002 the Rwanda government released a statement saying
that 1,074,017 people were killed. Now the RPF controls the government, but they have turned a lot
of blind eyes on RPF soldiers that did inhumane actions. The economy is having a tough time
growing thanks to the genocide and loses of land. Rwanda is getting back on its feet and even
though it's facing hard times it is still trying to

Essay On Rwanda Genocide

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