This document summarizes the evolution of external memory storage technologies from floppy disks to modern solutions. It begins with floppy disks in the 1970s-1980s, which were the first portable storage medium but had limited capacity. USB drives emerged in the 1990s-2000s with higher storage capacity and faster transfer speeds. Flash memory technology further improved with solutions like SSDs and microSD cards. Cloud storage gained popularity in the 2010s by allowing online access and storage. Future trends may include quantum computing providing unprecedented storage capabilities.

1. EXTERNAL
MEMORY
BY
Sanjeevlu Buggargani
Yashwanth Reddy Kondakindi
Krishna Vamshi Damarla

2. 1. Introduction
2. Evolution of Floppy Drives
3. Evolution of USB Drives
4. Transition of Flash Memory
5. Cloud Storage
6. Future Trends
7. Conclusion
Contents
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3. INTRODUCTION
• External Memory refers to storage device
outside the computers CPU and Main
memory(RAM).
• External Memory is also called as Secondary
Memory, It is a device which is used to store
the data and retrieves the data
Example : Hard Disk , SSD, Floppy Disk, USB
Drive and Pendrive
What is External Memory?
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4. 4
Evolution
Floppy Disks: (1970s-1980s) :
• First Floppy disk was invented by IBM
engineer Alamn Shugart.
• Floppy disks were the primary portable
storage medium during the early days of
personal computing. They were convenient
but had limited storage capacity ( usually
1.44MB for the 3.5-inch floppy)

5. SEGUE BLUE
5
Evolution
USB Drives (USB Flash Drives( 1990s -2000s)
• First USB Drive was invented by Singaporean company named Trek 2000 international
• USB Drives also known as thumb drives or flash drives started becoming popular in 90’s
and 20’s.
• They used flash memory to store data, making them faster, more reliable and more portable
than floppy disks
Advantages:
USB Drives offered higher storage capacity, faster data transfer and more durable than floppy
disks
Capacity:
USB Drives initially started with a few MBs of storage but quickly advanced to GBs and
later TBs.

6. USB 1.0(1996):
Introduced with a data transfer rate of 1.5 Mbps.
USB 2.0(2000):
Significantly transfer with a data transfer rate of up to 480 Mbps.
USB 3.0(2008):
Further improvement with data transfer rates up to 5 GBPS improved efficiency.
USB 3.1 and USB 3.2:
Subsequent versions with faster data transfer rates and improved efficiency.
USB-C:
A reversible and versatile USB connector that became widely adapted, allowing for
faster data transfer and power delivery
Evolution of USB

7. NAND Flash Technology :
The key innovation driving the evolution from USB drives to modern storage solutions was the
development of NAND flash memory technology.
Solid-State Drives (SSDs):
SSDs, using NAND flash memory, became standard for internal storage in laptops and desktops.
They are faster and more reliable than traditional hard disk drives (HDDs).
MicroSD Cards:
Compact storage solutions for mobile devices, cameras, and other electronics,
utilizing NAND flash technology.
Transition of Flash Memory

8. 2010s-2020s:
With the advent of high-speed
internet, cloud storage services
gained popularity. Users could
store and access their data online,
reducing the reliance on physical
storage devices.
Advantages:
Accessibility from anywhere with
an internet connection, automatic
backups, and collaborative
features.
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CLOUD STORAGE

9. NVMe SSDs:
NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) SSDs provide even faster data
transfer speeds, making them ideal for high-performance computing
tasks.
3D NAND:
Stacking memory cells vertically, creating multiple layers, increases
storage density and reduces costs, leading to higher-capacity and more
affordable storage devices.
Quantum Computing:
Although in the experimental stage, quantum computing holds the
potential to revolutionize data storage and processing, offering
unparalleled speed and capabilities.
Future Trends:

10. This evolution from floppy disks to USB drives and then to flash
memory, along with advancements in data transfer technologies and
the rise of cloud storage, has significantly transformed how we store,
access, and share data in the digital age.
In summary, the evolution from floppy disks to USB drives and flash
memory signifies a remarkable progression in data storage technology.
This journey has ushered in higher capacities, faster speeds, and
enhanced reliability. As we anticipate future advancements like
quantum computing, we are poised for a future where data storage is
not just efficient but transformative.
Conclusion:

11. Thank You