Présentation du professeur Jean-Michel Lecerf, chef du service nutrition de l'Institut Pasteur de Lille.
Les effets des acides gras saturés et de l’huile de palme sur la santé cardio-vasculaire.
Symposium Huile de palme et santé - 05 novembre 2013
Jean-Paul Jamet - Evaluation des propriétés fonctionnelles des huiles de palm...Huiledepalmesante
Présentation de Jean-Paul Jamet, ingénieur agronome, secrétaire général du Centre National pour la Promotion des Produits Agricoles et Alimentaires et membre de l'Académie d'Agriculture.
Évaluation des propriétés fonctionnelles des huiles de palme et palmiste.
Symposium Huile de palme et santé - 05 novembre 2013
Réduire la consommation de gras saturé pour les maladies cardiovasculaires : ...Health Evidence™
Health EvidenceTM a organisé un webinaire de 60 minutes afin d’examiner l’efficacité d’une réduction de la consommation de gras saturé sur les maladies cardiovasculaires.
Mme Lee Hooper, Maître de conférence en synthèse de la recherche, Nutrition et hydratation à la Norwich Medical School de l’Université East Anglia ont animé cette session et ont présenté les résultats de leur dernière revue systématique :
Hooper L., Martin N., Abdelhamid A., & Smith G.D. (2015). Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Art. No.: CD011737.
http://www.healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=28821
This document discusses the Sharpless epoxidation reaction for asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohols. It provides details on the reaction's discovery in 1980, its broad substrate scope and high enantioselectivity. The document also reviews modifications like using molecular sieves or polymer supports, and applications in natural product total syntheses like venustatriol and amphotericin B. Finally, it summarizes other methods for enantioselective epoxidation and recommends the best methods depending on substrate type.
Jean-Paul Jamet - Evaluation des propriétés fonctionnelles des huiles de palm...Huiledepalmesante
Présentation de Jean-Paul Jamet, ingénieur agronome, secrétaire général du Centre National pour la Promotion des Produits Agricoles et Alimentaires et membre de l'Académie d'Agriculture.
Évaluation des propriétés fonctionnelles des huiles de palme et palmiste.
Symposium Huile de palme et santé - 05 novembre 2013
Réduire la consommation de gras saturé pour les maladies cardiovasculaires : ...Health Evidence™
Health EvidenceTM a organisé un webinaire de 60 minutes afin d’examiner l’efficacité d’une réduction de la consommation de gras saturé sur les maladies cardiovasculaires.
Mme Lee Hooper, Maître de conférence en synthèse de la recherche, Nutrition et hydratation à la Norwich Medical School de l’Université East Anglia ont animé cette session et ont présenté les résultats de leur dernière revue systématique :
Hooper L., Martin N., Abdelhamid A., & Smith G.D. (2015). Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Art. No.: CD011737.
http://www.healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=28821
This document discusses the Sharpless epoxidation reaction for asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohols. It provides details on the reaction's discovery in 1980, its broad substrate scope and high enantioselectivity. The document also reviews modifications like using molecular sieves or polymer supports, and applications in natural product total syntheses like venustatriol and amphotericin B. Finally, it summarizes other methods for enantioselective epoxidation and recommends the best methods depending on substrate type.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Jean Michel Lecerf - Effets des acides gras saturés et de l'huile de palme sur la santé cardiovasculaire
1. Huile de palme et santé
Évaluation des risques sanitaires
ACIDES GRAS SATURES ET
HUILE DE PALME
EFFETS SUR LA SANTE
CARDIOVASCULAIRE
Docteur Jean Michel LECERF
Service de Nutrition – Institut Pasteur de Lille
1
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
Symposium - Huile de palme et santé
9. LES LIPIDES ALIMENTAIRES
LES ACIDES GRAS
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INSATURÉS
Monoinsaturés
Polyinsaturés
Oméga 6
Acide linoléique
Acide α linolénique
Acide gamma
linolénique (GLA)
EPA
Acide arachidonique
Acide oléique
Oméga 3
DHA
9
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
10. MATIERES GRASSES
PARTIELLEMENT HYDROGENEES
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H
I
C
I
H
C
α
β
C
I
H
C
C
H
I
C
H
I
C
I
H
C
! POINT DE FUSION
C
TRANS
! CLDL
" CHDL
! RISQUE CV
10
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
11. SATURE, HYDROGENE, CIS, TRANS
COMMENT S’Y RETROUVER ?
Acide gras saturé (animal ou végétal !)
Acide gras issu d’une huile végétale partiellement
hydrogénée
Acide stéarique
C18:0
Pas de double liaison
H
Acide élaïdique
C18:1 trans 9
1 double liaison TRANS
H
Acide gras issu d’une huile végétale totalement
hydrogénée
H
Acide stéarique
C18:0
H
Acide oléique
C18:1 n-9
Acide gras monoinsaturé (animal ou végétal)
naturellement cis
H
Acide gras monoinsaturé issu de l’hydrogénation
partielle ruménale
H
Acide transvaccénique
C18:1 trans 11
Isomère de position de
l’acide élaïdique
11
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
12. HUILE DE PALME
1 ^^^^^
^^^^^
AG Saturés
AGCM et CC
0
Ac laurique (C12:0)
0
Ac myristique (C14:0) 0,5 - 2
Ac palmitique (C16:0) 39,5 - 47,5
Ac stéarique (C18:0)
3,5 - 6,0
AG monoinsaturés
Ac oléique
36 - 40 38 - 45
AG polyinsaturés
Ac linoléique
9 - 12 9 - 12
Ac αlinolénique < 0,5
2
3 ^^^^^
44 - 55
(le plus souvent en
position 1 et 3 sur
le glycérol)
47 - 57 (87% en position 2)
12
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
13. L’ABSORPTION
DES ACIDES GRAS EN POSITION 2
L’INCORPORATION
1 G
L
Y
C
É 2
R
O
3 L
^^^^^
^^^^^
^^^^^
1 ^^^^^
2
^^^^^
sur les triglycérides
est meilleure
=!
BIODISPONIBILITÉ
sur les phospholipides
Groupement
phosphoré
13
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
14. ACIDE GRAS
LA POSITION SUR LE GLYCEROL
TRIGLYCERIDE ALIMENTAIRE
MONOGLYCERIDE
1 ^^^^^
^^^^^
2
^^^^^
+ BIODISPONIBLE
3 ^^^^^
⊕ ^^^^^
LIPASE
⊕ ^^^^^
+
Ca++
SAVONS
INSOLUBLES
ELIMINES
14
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
15. POSITION SUR LE GLYCEROL
HUILE DE PALME
Acide palmitique
11 % en position 2
87 % en position 1 et 3 (externes)
PRINCIPALES REPARTITIONS
P
O
P
P
O
O
P
O
L
P
L
P
Acide oléique principalement en position 2
87% des AG en position 2 sont insaturés
BEURRE DE CACAO
P
O
S
S
O
S
S
P
O
P = Palmitique
O = Oléique
S = Stéarique
L = Linoléique
15
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
18. POINT DE FUSION
PARAMETRE PHYSIQUE
REFLET DE LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DU CORPS GRAS
TEMPERATURE A LAQUELLE IL DEVIENT LIQUIDE
ACIDES GRAS SATURES POINT DE FUSION ELEVE
ACIDES GRAS MONOINSATURES POINT DE FUSION INTERMEDIAIRE
ACIDES GRAS POLYINSATURES POINT DE FUSION BAS
A CHAINE TRES LONGUE
TRES BAS
EXEMPLE
GRAS DE BŒUF
+ 42 à 45 °
C
SAINDOUX
+ 36 à 40 °
C
HUILE DE PALME
+ 36°
C
BEURRE
+ 32 à 35 °
C
HUILE D’ARACHIDE
+ 8°
C
HUILE D’OLIVE
+ 5 à 7°
C
HUILE TOURNESOL
- 15 °
C
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
18
19. RÔLE DES LIPIDES
Structure des acides gras
Ac gras
saturés
Solides à température ambiante
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
Palmitique
Laurique
Butyrique
19
Stéarique Myristique
20. COMPOSITION DE L’HUILE DE PALME
PRINCIPALES CARACTERISTIQUES PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES
NUTRITIONNELLES
≅ 50 % AG SATURES, majoritairement
PHYSIQUES
POINT DE FUSION ELEVE
acide palmitique
SOLIDE A TEMPERATURE AMBIANTE
≅ 40 % ACIDE OLEIQUE (AGMI)
≅ 10 % ACIDE LINOLEIQUE (AGPI)
≅ Ne contient pas d’acides gras trans
≅ Riches
en TOCOTRIENOLS
en CAROTENOIDES
Est dépourvue de cholestérol
STABLE A LA CUISSSON
PAS D’OXYDATION
PAS DE RANCISSEMENT
PERMET D’EVITER LE
RECOURS A
L’HYDROGENATION
PARTIELLE
20
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
22. Les effets des acides gras
Chol LDL
Chol HDL
TOTAL
TAILLE LDL
« Mauvais »
« Bon »
!
!
!
GRANDE
AG TRANS (industriels)
!!
"
!
AG MONOINSATURES
"
!
neutre
AG POLYINSATURES ω 6
"
#$ou
#$ "
"
AG SATURES*
•AG SATURES CHAINE COURTE EN MOYENNE
* STEARIQUE
OLEIQUE
C18 : 0
C18 : 1n-9
• MOINDRE EFFET SI CALCIUM
• AG TRANS DES RUMINANTS
" CHOLESTEROL
EFFET PROCHES
SAVONS (INTESTIN)
!CHOL HDL (femmes)
22
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
23. L’HUILE DE PALME
SA COMPOSITION
" 50% d’AG insaturés (oléique
surtout) (87% des AGI en sn-2)
" HAUTE TENEUR EN
. TOCOTRIENOLS
. CAROTENOIDES
"STABILITE AU CHAUFFAGE
RESISTANCE A L’OXYDATION
"POINT DE FUSION ELEVE
SES EFFETS
VARIABLES
Sur le C.LDL
SELON
. proche de ceux H olive
- Dose
H arachide
H tournesol oléique - Ac. linoléique
. moins ! que H de coco
- Cholestérol
Beurre – Lard
alimentaire
MGVPH
. plus ! que H tournesol
H soja
H olive
Sur le C.HDL
élévation constante
Sur les triglycérides
LECERF JM
. Plus bas que H olive
O.C.L. 2013, 20, 147-159
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
PERMET D’EVITER LE RECOURS AUX
GRAISSES PARTIELLEMENT HYDROGENEES
23
24. AUTRES EFFETS DE L’HUILE DE PALME
Pas de différence Oléine de palme / huile d’olive
- CRP ultra sensible à jeun ou post-prandial
- PAI1
- Homocystéinémie
- Cytokines de l’inflammation
- Insulinémie
Am J Clin Nutr 2011, 94, 1426-1432
Am J Clin Nutr 2011, 94, 1451-1457
Lipids 2011, 46, 381-388
24
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
25. AVANTAGES – INCONVENIENTS
DE L’HUILE DE PALME
AVANTAGES
INCONVENIENTS
RICHE EN ACIDES GRAS SATURES
Stabilité
cuisson
oxydation
Solidité
Qualités technologiques et
organoleptiques
Permet d’éviter recours aux MGVPH
AG TRANS
Riche en AGMI
Riche en tocotriénols
en caroténoïdes
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
25
26. EFFETS LIES A LA COMPOSANTE
NON LIPIDIQUE
TOCOTRIENOLS
$ Chez la souris apoE -/- , inhibent les lésions d’athérosclérose
$ # synthèse endogène cholestérol (HMG CoA Reductase
$ Effets anticancérigènes (animal) (# marqueurs pro angiogenèse)
#
CHEZ LE LAPIN ATHEROSCLEREUX
$ Huile de palme : faible progression
CHEZ L’HOMME
$ Tocotriénols: régression athérosclérose
CHEZ LE RAT
$ Huile de palme : effet antiarythmique
26
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
27. ACIDES GRAS SATURES ET RISQUE
CARDIOVASCULAIRE
- Rôle physiologique
- Etudes cliniques sur les paramètres lipidiques
- Etudes écologiques et de migration
- Etudes prospectives
- Etudes d’intervention
27
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
28. LES ROLES DES ACIDES GRAS
AG
AG
AG
saturés
monoinsaturés
polyinsaturés
ROLE ENERGETIQUE
++
++
+
ROLE STRUCTUREL
++
+
++
ROLE FONCTIONNEL
+
±
++
NON
INDISPENSABLE
MAIS UTILE
INDISPENSABLE
Liés aux vitamines liposolubles A - E – D
+
au cholestérol ou aux phytostérols
dans les corps gras
Goût
28
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
33. TYPE D’ACIDES GRAS SATURES ET
MALADIE CORONARIENNE
NURSE’S HEALTH STUDY
ETUDE D’OBSERVATION – 80082 F – 34 – 69 ans – 14 ans
RR POUR ! 1% ENERGIE
P
C4 : 0 – C10 : 0
1,07 (0,94 – 1,23)
NS
C12 : 0 – C14 : 0
1,14 (1,01 – 1,29)
0,03
C16 : 0
1,03 (0,99 – 1,07)
NS
C18 : 0
1,19 (1,02 – 1,37)
0,02
C12 : 0 – C18 : 0
1,10 (1,00 – 1,23)
0,05
AJCN 1999, 70, 1001-8
33
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
34. L’ÉTUDE DE NI HON SAN
DE MIGRATION JAPONAISE
Japon
Hawaï
Etats-Unis
(Californie)
Lipides
(%)
15,1
33,3
37,5
Lipides saturés
(g/j)
(%)
16
6,7
59,1
23,3
66,3
26,4
Cholestérolémie
(mg/dl)
181
218
228
1,30
2,20
3,70
Mortalité coronarienne annuelle/1000
34
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
35. FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY
KANNEL WB, GORDON T 1968
Pas de lien entre AG saturés et cholestérol
KANNEL WB – Ann Int Med 1974
Pas de lien entre cholestérol et CHD chez les femmes
POSNER BM – Arch Inter Med 1991 16 ans de suivi
• Chez les sujets 45-55 ans - Association positive entre apport lipidique total
et apport en AGMI et incidence CHD
- Très faible association entre apport en AG saturés
et incidence CHD p = 0,085 ( /g)
p = 0,050 ( %)
• Chez les sujets 55 – 65 ans – Aucun lien entre apport en acides gras
et incidence CHD
35
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
36. WESTERN ELECTRIC STUDY
1900 HOMMES
SUIVIS 20 ANS NEJM 1981
% ASSOCIATION ENTE SCORE DE KEYS ET RISQUE DE DECES CORONARIEN
1er percentile
90ème percentile
1521
10,8
18
190
6162
23,5
161
2724
APPORTS
CALORIES 3183 ± 974
ALIMENTAIRES AGS (%) 16,7 ± 2,6
MOYENS
AGS (g) 59
INITIAUX
CHOL (mg) 763
1er tertile
RISQUE
DECES
CORONARIENS
AGS
Score KEYS
2ème
tertile
3ème
tertile
p
10,9
9,3
11,2
11,2
11,8
13,4
0,144
0,010
36
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
37. LA RELATION ENTRE CHOLESTEROL PLASMATIQUE
ET MORTALITÉ CORONARIENNE N’APPARAÎT PAS
DANS LES POPULATIONS AYANT
UNE ALIMENTATION MÉDITERRANÉENNE
-
(Etude des 7 pays)
Le suivi longitudinal (25 ans) de l’étude des 7 pays.
$ Faible lien entre cholestérol et mortalité coronarienne dans les pays méditerranéens
37
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
38. LES ETUDES EPIDEMIOLOGIQUES
D’OBSERVATION
L’ETUDE DES 7 PAYS
- FINLANDE 1960 – 70
Risque cardiovasculaire ++
Apport en acides gras satures 24 % de l’AET
= Très excessif
- 25 ANS DE SUIVI
JAPON
PAS DE LIEN ENTRE CHOLESTEROL
MEDITERRANEE
ET MORTALITE CV
IL EXISTE DES FACTEURS DE PROTECTION
LES ETUDES ANGLO SAXONNES
AG SATURES : Très faible augmentation du risque cardiovasculaire
LRC FOLLOW UP STUDY
RR
1,11 (Mortalité coronarienne)
NURSES HEALTH STUDY
RR
1,17 (Maladie coronarienne)
BRITANNIQUE
RR
1,00*(H) (Mortalité coronarienne)
*après ajustement / alcool/tabac/act physique/social
38
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
39. LES APPORTS EN ACIDES GRAS SATURES NE SONT PAS ASSOCIES
A UN RISQUE ACCRU DE MALADIE CARDIOVASCULAIRE
21 études
Meta analyse
347 747 sujets
Suivi 5 – 23 ans
11006 cas
CHD
Stroke
CVD
RR
1,07
0,81
1,00
IC
0,94-1,19
0,62-1,05
0,89-1,11
p
0,22
0,11
0,95
39
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
AJCN 2010, 91, 535-46
40. LA SUBSTITUTION DES ACIDES GRAS SATURES PAR LES
GLUCIDES N’APPORTE PAS DE BENEFICE CORONARIEN SEULE LA
SUBSTITUTION PAR LES AGPI EST FAVORABLE
11 ETUDES PROSPECTIVES
344 696 SUJETS
SUIVI 4 à 10 ANS
Evènements coronariens
Décès coronariens
-13%
0,87 (0,77-0,97)
0,90 (0,77-1,12)
0,81 (0,81-1,01)
0,73 (0,53-1,01)
1,22 (0,84-1,77)
-26%
0,74 (0,61-0,89)
0,83 (0,61-1,13)
0,78 (0,54-1,12)
0,49 (0,29-0,85)
0,73 (0,48-1,11)
AGS $ AGMI
+19%
1,19 (1,00-1,42)
NS
AGS $ glucides
+7%
1,07 (1,01-1,14)
NS
AGS $ AGPI
Hommes < 60 ans
> 60 ans
Femmes < 60 ans
> 60 ans
JAKOBSEN
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
Am J Clin Nutr 2009, 89, 1425-32
40
41. LE RISQUE D’INFARCTUS LORS DE LA SUBSTITUTION DES ACIDES
GRAS SATURES PAR LES GLUCIDES DEPEND DE L’INDEX
GLYCEMIQUE
ETUDE PROSPECTIVE
53644 H+F
12 ANS
INDEMNES D’IDM INITIALEMENT
SUBSTITUTION
DES ACIDES
GRAS SATURES
RR
RISQUE
D’INFARCTUS IC
POUR UN ACCROISSEMENT DE 5%
GLUCIDES
IG BAS
GLUCIDES
IG HAUT
GLUCIDES
IG intermédiaire
0,88
0,72 – 1,07
1,33
1,08 – 1,64
0,98
(0,80 – 1,21)
+ 33 %
JAKOBSEN M.U. Am J Clin Nutr 2010, 91, 1764-68
41
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
42. LA CONSOMMATION D’ALCOOL MODULE L’EFFET DES
ACIDES GRAS SATURES
620 SUJETS D’ORIGINE ETRANGERE (Asie Australie, Europe)
VIVANT AU Canada DEPUIS PLUS DE 5 ANS
+ 10 g
AG saturés
EPAISSEUR INTIMA MEDIA (mm)
+1g
AG trans
P/S
+ 0,03 mm
P = 0,01
+ 0,03 mm
P = 0,02
- 0,06
P < 0,01
PAS D’ALCOOL
β = 0,0066
P < 0,001
ALCOOL
β = 0,0001
P < 0,79
AJCN 2008, 87, 168-174
42
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
43. ETUDE PROSPECTIVE CHEZ LES FEMMES CORONARIENNES
E.R.A TRIAL (Mozaffarian AJCN 2004)
235 femmes ménopausées suivies 3 ans avec CHD (≥ 1 sténose ≥ 30 %) sans THS
≥
2243 segments coronariens analysés
Quartiles AG
saturés (%)
1
3,5-7,0
2
7,1 – 8,6
3
8,7 – 10,5
4
10,6 – 16,0
Total Fat
18
22
27
32
Glucides
67
61
56
48
Protides
16
17
17
18
Energie
1716
1553
1708
1646
AGPI
5
5
6
6
AGMI
7
9
11
13
AGT
1,0
1,5
1,7
2,2
FIBRES
25
21
20
17
43
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
44. RESULTATS
Changement moyenne diamètre minimum de la lumière
coronarienne
0
Q1
Q2
Q3
-0,05
Q4
0,00
0,07
-0,1
0,10
-0,15
-0,2
-0,25
0,22
AJCN 2004, 80, 1175-84
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
44
45. LES GLUCIDES STIMULENT LA SYNTHESE HEPATIQUE
D’ACIDES GRAS SATURES ET DE TRIGLYCERIDES
Acétate
HEPATIQUES (VLDL)
Glucose
Alcool
ACETYL CoA
Acetyl CoA
Carboxylase
MALONYL CoA
GLANDE
MAMMAIRE
C4
C6
C8
Hélice DE WAKIL
VOIE LYMPHATIQUE
C10
C12
Cytoplasme
C14
ACIDE PALMITIQUE
Reticulum
endoplasmique
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
C16:0
élongation
ACIDE STEARIQUE
C18:0
45
46. CHEZ L’HOMME UN REGIME HYPERLIPIDIQUE
RICHE EN GRAISES SATUREES
ENTRAINE
• UNE REDUCTION COMPENSATRICE DE LA TENEUR
EN ACIDES GRAS SATURES DES TRIGLYCERIDES DES
VLDL GRACE A UNE DIMINUTUION DE LA SYNTHESE
ENDOGENE HEPATIQUE D’ACIDE PALMITIQUE
(LIPOGENESE)
• DONT LE MARQUEUR EST L’ACIDE PALMITOLEIQUE
LIPIDS 2009, 44, 297-309
LIPIDS 2010, 45, 947-62
46
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
47. UN REGIME HYPERLIPIDIQUE N’ENTRAÎNE PAS
D’AUGMENTATION DES AG SATURES CIRCULANTS
8 HOMMES
POIDS STABLE 30 kg/m²
2500 Kcal
Glucides 12%
86g AGS
TG
Taille LDL
AG saturés des TG circulants
Acide palmitoléique plasmatique
Contenu phospholipides
8-iso PGF2α urinaire
α
47g AGS
%
!
↔
%
!
%
%
! AA
↔
←% glucides
→ pas d’augmentation Σ
acide palmitique
% lipogénèse
%
! EPA – DHA
Pas d’augmentation du
%
stress oxydatif (AA)
47
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
FORSYTHE LIPIDS, 2010, 45, 947-62
48. UN REGIME HYPERLIPIDIQUE A UN EFFET PLUS FAVORABLE QU’UN REGIME
HYPERGLUCIDIQUE SUR LES PARAMETRES DU SYNDROME METABOLIQUE
A COURT TERME
40 sujets 18 – 55 ans – IMC > 25 kg/m²
12 semaines
1500 Kcalories
DIET
PARAMETRES METABOLIQUES
Glucides lipides
%
HIGH FAT
%
12
59
AGS
LOW FAT
AGS
Insulinorésistance
Poids
Adiposité
TG
C-HDL T/CHDL
-55%
-10%
-14%
-55%
+13%
-14%
-19%
-18%
-5,5%
-9%
-19%
_
-3,7%
+4,2%
abdominale
SMALL
LDL
34g
56
24
12g
Teneur en AG saturés des TG et CE diminuée dans groupe
HF riche en SFA
Concentration plasmatique d’acide palmitoléique, marqueur
de lipogénèse, diminuée dans groupe HF
48
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
VOLEK, LIPIDS, 2009, 44, 297-309
49. VARIABILITE INDIVIDUELLE DE LA
REPONSE AUX APPORTS LIPIDIQUES
LEFEBVRE
AJCN 2005, 82, 957-63
Essai contrôlé, randomisé de 3 périodes
en cross-over (121 H 22 – 64 ans)
AAD
STEP I
STEP II
Lipides
37 %
28 %
24 %
AGS
14 %
9%
6%
LDL
- 6,8 %
- 11,7 %
HDL
- 7,5 %
- 11,2 %
TG
+14,3 %
+ 16,2 %
AGMI
14 %
11,5 %
AGPI
8%
+ faible réduction du CLDL avec %
de MG, IMC et insulino-résistance
(57 % de réduction du CLDL en
moins chez ceux ayant INS élevé).
8%
49
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
50. TAILLE DES LDL ET RISQUE ATHÉROGÈNE
PHENOTYPE A
PHENOTYPE B
PETITES ET
DENSES
ATHÉROGÈNES
LDL
LDL
N
CHOL
Apo B
LDL
N
Apo B N
Apo B !
Risque faible
Apo B/LDL
Risque élevé
50
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
55. LE PHENOTYPE B DES LDL (PETITES ET DENSES) EST CORRELE A L’APPORT EN
HYDRATES DE CARBONE MOINS FORTEMENT APRES PERTE DE POIDS
KRAUSS AJCN 2006, 83, 1025-31
55
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
56. ETUDE D’INTERVENTION - DES DISCORDANCES
DUREE
LOS ANGELES
VETERAN
ADMINISTRATION
846 H
DIET
8 ANS
1969
FINNISH
MENTAL
HOSPITAL
676 H
591 F
6 ANS
1972
EXP
T
CHOL
T
AGS
AGMI
AGPI
P/S
39 %
8%
16 %
17 %
2,1
40%
19 %
15%
5,5%
0,3
- 13 %
T
AGS
AGMI
AGPI
P/S
33 %
9%
12 %
14 %
1,5
34%
18 %
11 %
4,5%
0,25
-15 %
- 13 %
' IDM, MORT SUBITE, AVC
1973
' MCV
METHODOLOGIE INACCEPTABLE
CLUB ANTI
CORONARIEN
NEW YORK
1960
MINNESOTA
CORONARY
SURVEY
&Décès non CV (S)
& mortalité totale + 1,2 %
& décès cancer
&MORTALITE TOTALE
4393 H
4664 F
4,5 ANS
T
AGS
AGMI
AGPI
P/S
38 %
9%
14 %
15 %
1,6
39 %
18 %
16 %
5%
0,3
- 14,5 %
269 décès groupe EXP
206 décès groupe témoins
PUBLIE 16 ANS APRES
&DECES CHD NS
56
Huile de palme et santé
05/11/2013
57. ETUDE D’INTERVENTION
DES BIAIS METHODOLOGIQUES
DUREE
DIET
3-4 ANS
85 g HUILE DE
SOJA
P/S 2,0
- 16 %
'12 % récidives
coronariennes
Pas de réduction décès
CV
OSLO DIET HEART
STUDY
5 ANS
+ HUILE DE SOJA
+ HUILE DE
POISSON
P/S 2,4
- 14 %
' 25 % événements CV
majeurs
ROSE
2 ANS
+ HUILE DE MAIS
-
& Événements
coronariens
5 ANS
ARRET TABAC
+ HUILE SOJA
+ POISSON
- 13 %
' 47 % événements
coronariens
BRITISH MEDICAL
RESEARCH SOY OIL
OSLO DIET HEART
TRIAL
CHOL
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58. L’ÉTUDE D’OSLO (HJERMANN)
1232 HOMMES 40 - 49 ANS
- Hypercholestérolémiques (2,90 à 3,80 g/l)
(5 ans et 8,5 ans)
- Normotendus
Groupe
Expérimental
- Riche en huile de soja + poisson
8,2 %
18, 3 %
AGPI
8,3
7,1
AGMI
11,4
18,7
Lipides totaux
27,9
44,1
289 mg
527 mg
P/S
- Réduit en AG saturés
AG saturés
Cholestérol
Régime expérimental (+ tabac)
Groupe
Témoin
1,01
0,39
Réduction de 13 % du cholestérol plasmatique
Réduction de 47 % des événements coronariens (dont 60 % attribué à la nutrition
et/ou baisse du cholestérol et 25 % à la diminution du tabagisme)
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59. ETUDES D’INTERVENTION
P/S
LOS ANGELES VETERAN ADMINISTRATION
2,1
% MCV ! décès non CV
MINESOTA CORONARY SURVEY
0,5/1,7
! décès coronariens (NS)
BRITISH MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL SOY OIL
2,0
% Récidive – Pas de diminution
de décès CV
! mortalité totale
NEW YORK ANTICORONARY CLUB STUDY
FINNISH MENTAL HOSPITAL
0,25/1,5
% 36%
OSLO DIET HEART STUDY
2,4
% 25%
OSLO DIET HEART TRIAL (HJERMANN)
0,39/1,01
Mauvaise
méthodologie
Soybean oil + fish
% 47%
+ stop smoking
! décès cardiaque
après intervention
STRANDBERG
!
ROSE
!
! évènements CV
SYDNEY DIET HEART STUDY
!
! mortalité toute cause et
coronarienne
Malgré une baisse moyenne du cholestérol (-14%), une augmentation trop importante
59
du rapport P/S n’entraîne pas de résultats favorables sur la mortalité
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60. UNE ETUDE D’INTERVENTION AVEC UNE
AUGMENTATION DU RAPPORT P/S (FINLANDE)
Augmentation des décès cardiaques après
l’arrêt de l’essai
JAMA 1991, 266, 1225-9
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60
61. THE SYDNEY DIET HEART STUDY
458 hommes de 30 – 59 ans
Évènement coronarien récent
Étude randomisée
Remplacement des graisses saturées par de
l’acide linoléique
Groupe contrôle : conseils alimentaires non
spécifiques
Mortalité toute cause et mortalité coronarienne
En intention de traiter
83 mois de suivi
PLUS HAUTE MORTALITE DANS LE GROUPE
INTERVENTION
61
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BMJ 2013
62. META-ANALYSE DES ETUDES D’INTERVENTION
SEULES LES ETUDES COMPORTANT UN APPORT
D’AGPI ω3 ET ω6 SONT BENEFIQUES
Risque de décès coronarien
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Risque de cédès cardiovasculaire
BMJ 2013
62
63. PREVENTION POPULATION GENERALE
WOMEN’S HEALTH INITIATIVE JAMA 2006, 295, 655-656
48 835 F 62,3 ans 2 groupes – 8,1 ans
ACTIF
TEMOIN
OBJECTI
F
INITIA
L
OBSERV
E
Idem
INITIAL
20 %
37,8 %
28,8 %
37,8
AGS
12,7 %
9,5 %
12,7
AGT
2,8 %
1,6 %
2,8
AGPI
7,8 %
6,1 %
7,8
AGMI
14,4 %
10,8 %
14,4
Lipides
+ 5 fruits et légumes/j
6 grains /j
SODIUM : NON
POISSON : NON
POIDS : NON
RESULTAT
ACTIF
+ !MCV dans le groupe
des femmes avec
antécédent MCV (3,4 %)
TEMOIN
HR
CHD
0,63 %
0,65 %
0,97
AVC
0,28 %
0,27 %
1,02
MCV
0,86 %
0,88 %
0,98
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64. LA MALADIE CORONARIENNE
DEUX PATHOLOGIES INTRIQUÉES
L’ATHÉROSCLÉROSE
Fissuration de la plaque
Agrégation plaquettaire
Insuffisance
coronarienne
INFLAMMATION
LA THROMBOSE
Infarctus
Troubles
du rythme
Mort subite
64
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65. LES APPORTS EN ACIDES GRAS SATURES
EN % APPORT ENERGETIQUE TOTAL
FRANCE
INCA 2
H
15,8%
F
15,9%
ALLEMAGNE
ROYAUMEUNI
GRECE
USA
13,7%
13,5%
11,1%
10,8%
65
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67. EFFETS DE L’HUILE DE PALME SUR LA
SANTE CARDIOVASCULAIRE
TROIS ETUDES EPIDEMIOLOGIQUES DISPONIBLES
ZHANG, KESTELOOT (Eur J Epidemiol 2001)
Etude « écologique »
Mortalité comparée à Singapour
Hong Kong
USA
Japon
Espagne
Mortalité CI
x3
GA/GV
2,24
1,08
KABAGAMBE (J Nutr 2005)
Etude cas-témoin
Huile de cuisson utilisée chez survivants IDM et témoins au Costa Rica
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Consommateurs huile de palme
/huile de soja OR 1,33
/autres huiles OR 1,23
67
/huile soja PH OR 1,14
68. - CHEN (Global Health 2011)
Etude écologique
→ dans les pays en voie de développement
. chaque kg supplémentaire de consommation annuelle d’huile de palme
est parallèle
- surmortalité 68/100 000 sujets/an Cardiopathie ischémique
- surmortalité 17/100 000 sujets/an Accident Vasculaire Cérébral
. chaque cigarette fumée supplémentaire/an/personne
- + 0,05/100 000 sujets/an Cardiopathie ischémique
- + 0,08/100 000 sujets/an Accident Vasculaire Cérébral
Pas de changement si on inclut bœuf, porc, poulet, beurre, fromage
La Malaisie et l’Indonésie ne sont pas inclus
68
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69. UNE SIMULATION : LA TAXE PALME
& SI UNE TAXE DE 20% SUR L’HUILE DE PALME ETAIT APPLIQUEE
UNE SIMULATION MATHEMATIQUE APPLIQUEE A L’INDE pourrait éviter
247 000 à 479 000 décès par infarctus et accidents vasculaires cérébraux
supplémentaires entre 2014 et 2023 [soit environ 36 300/an] sur une
projection de 36,6 millions de décès par IDM et AVC sur 10 ans
MAIS LES AUTEURS ADMETTENT
- QUE CE N’EST QU’UN CALCUL NE TENANT PAS COMPTE DE TOUS LES
CHANGEMENTS FUTURS
- QUE LE MODELE NE PREND PAS EN COMPTE TOUT LE PROFIL LIPIDIQUE
Basu BMJ 2013
& ET D’AUTRES AUTEURS SOULIGNENT QU’IL N’Y A TOUJOURS PAS DE
MECANISME PHYSIOPATHOLOGIQUE DU LIEN EVENTUEL ENTRE AG
SATURES ET MCV
Lawrence Adv Nutr 2013, 4, 294-302
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69
70. CONSOMMATION ESTIMEE
DE L’HUILE DE PALME
CONSOMMATION APPARENTE d’huile de palme : données économiques
(AGRESTE)
CROISSANTE
DECROISSANTE
1993 $ 2006 (0,3 → 2,6 kg/an/personne)
2006 $ 2009 (2,6 → 1 kg/an/personne)
2,5 à 7,0 g/jour/personne huile de palme (1 à 2,6 kg/an/pers)
soir 1,25 à 3,5g AG saturés soit 3 à 10% de l’apport en AGS
MAIS NOMBREUX PRODUITS MANUFACTURÉS
INCORPORANT DE L’HUILE DE PALME
IMPORTÉS DE PAYS TIERS ET NON PRIS EN COMPTE
DONNÉES NON CONNUES
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71. CONCLUSION
- Les acides gras saturés ne sont pas responsables des maladies
cardiovasculaires
- Leur apport excessif dans le cadre d’une alimentation occidentale n’est pas
souhaitable
- Leur remplacement par un apport élevé de glucides de haut index glycémique est
délétère
- L’huile de palme n’induit pas un profil lipidique différent d’autres huiles riches en
AG monoinsaturés
- L’huile de palme a permis de réduire le recours aux MGVPH riches en acides gras
trans
- Cependant il ne serait pas bénéfique d’accroître la consommation d‘aliments
denses gras et hyper énergétiques contenant de l’huile de palme
- En raison de ses propriétés technologiques il faut appliquer le principe de
subsidiarité
- faire mieux quand on le peut
- l’utiliser quand on ne peut pas faire mieux
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