humanitarian supply chain a) Identify and explain the roles of stakeholders in humanitarian supply chain management. b) Discuss the major challenges faced I humanitarian supply chain management. The acquisition, storage, transportation and distribution of relief (supplies, works and services) in the time of disaster to respond to emergencies is called humanitarian supply chain. A ‘stakeholder’ is any person, group or organization that is impacted in some way by the action or inaction of another. The most commonly used definition of a stakeholder is: ‘groups and individuals who benefit from or are harmed by, and whose rights are violated or respected by, corporate actions’ (Freeman, 2001, p. 42). A formal definition of a stakeholder is: “individuals and organizations who are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be positively or negatively affected as a result of project execution or successful project completion” (Project Management Institute (PMI®), 1996). Currently, humanitarian crises last more than nine years on average. They result from natural disasters (e.g., hurricane Dorian in the Bahamas) and from complex emergencies (e.g., the Syrian refugee crisis). In response to crises, multiple stakeholders—ranging from international donors to local communities—make decisions quickly, and often with poor information and constrained budgets. At the same time, they must also plan for the next phases, such as rehabilitation, mitigation, and preparedness for future disasters. (Alfonso J. Pedraza-Martinez et al 2022) The disaster management cycle (DMC) framework (Alexander 2002) identifies four disaster management phases: preparedness, response, rehabilitation, and mitigation. Preparedness begins after a disaster warning or the identification of a disaster risk. Response takes place in the aftermath of a disaster. Rehabilitation follows the response and aims to rebuild to restore. This study was an attempt to identify, develop, and analyze the main challenges of HSCM in humanitarian supply chains with respect to different phases of disaster relief, many other challenges have been discussed throughout the literature including poor information technology infrastructure, cultural differences among involved organizations, lack of clear polices, lack of knowledge management systems, and lack of trust between actors. The supply chain network acts as a link between the production sector and the end user in the business context. A supply chain network’s goal is to deliver the right product in the right quantity to the right customer at the right time. Likewise, the movement of goods/materials involved in relief activities is known as Humanitarian Supply Chain Management (HSCM). According to the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), a disaster is defined as “a serious disruption of the functioning of a community involving human, material and economic loss, which exceeds the ability of the affected community

1. MAKERERE UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PROCUREMENT AND SUPPLY CHAIN
MANAGEMENT
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: HUMANITARIAN SUPPLY CHAIN
NO. NAME REGISTRATION NO
1 LAMBERT AYEBARE 2023/HD10/4294U
2 RUJUMBA ROGER 2023/HD10/27492U

2. QUESTION
a) Identify and explain the roles of stakeholders in humanitarian
supply chain management.
b) Discuss the major challenges faced I humanitarian supply chain
management.

3. DEFINITIONS
 The acquisition, storage, transportation and distribution of relief (supplies, works and
services) in the time of disaster to respond to emergencies is called humanitarian supply
chain
 The most commonly used definition of a stakeholder is: ‘groups and individuals who
benefit from or are harmed by, and whose rights are violated or respected by, corporate
actions’ (Freeman, 2001, p. 42).
Therefore, A ‘stakeholder’ is any person, group or organization that is impacted in some
way by the action or inaction of another.

4. STAKEHOLDER MATRIX, ILLUSTRATIONS

5. STAKEHOLDERS
• GOVERNMENTS. All governments are involved in humanitarian aid as either donors, recipients or both (Baldini et al. 2012,
Trestrail et al. 2009).
• AGENCIES. An agency means a business or organization providing a particular service on behalf of another business, person.
These include UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP, UNDP
• NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS. NGOs participate in humanitarian intervention as moderate actors and specialized
groups of experts (Rucht, 2006).
• MEDIA. The media plays a crucial role in the humanitarian supply chain by raising awareness, facilitating
coordination, and influencing public opinion and government policies
• VOLUNTEERS. Their involvement is essential in ensuring the efficient and effective delivery of aid to affected
populations
• DONORS.
• LOGISTICS COMPANIES

6. ANALYSIS OUTCOME ON STAKEHOLDER
INVOLVEMENT
Adopted from Stakeholder salience in humanitarian supply chain management (Sarah
Schiffling,2013)

7. CHALLENGES
• Lack of appropriate education for humanitarian aids. Sahebi et al. (2017)
• Communication barriers in delivering the humanitarian aids. BMC Public
Health (2020).
• Lack of donors’ trust in governmental institutions. Safarpour et al. (2020)
• Poor humanitarian supply chain coordination among humanitarian
organizations.Anthony B. 2019
• High Transport Cost. Chaikan, D. (2003)

8. CHALLENGES
• Poor infrastructure. . Anthony Beresford 2021
• Dependency on Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) . Saeyeon Roh 2015
• Shortage of precautionary materials. Case study of Iranian Red Crescent Society
2020
• Limited funding. M.Tavana et al 2020

9. CONCLUSION.
• This study was an attempt to identify, develop, and analyze the main challenges
of HSCM in humanitarian supply chains with respect to different phases of
disaster relief, many other challenges have been discussed throughout the
literature including poor information technology infrastructure, cultural
differences among involved organizations, lack of clear polices, lack of
knowledge management systems, and lack of trust between actors