El documento proporciona 10 actividades relacionadas con el arte barroco, en las que se pide al estudiante que indique razones por las cuales obras de arte específicas son barrocas y no renacentistas, incluyendo detalles sobre la representación de la obra Apolo y Dafne de Bernini.
Inductive Effect is the important topic in organic chemistry that gives us idea about electron withdrawing and accepting module of the specific group that determines the reactivity of the molecule or compound.
The document provides a reading list for essential and supplementary textbooks on topics related to physical chemistry and inorganic chemistry. The essential reading section lists 4 textbooks, while the supplementary reading section lists 3 additional textbooks. The document concludes by recommending specific textbooks to cover topics related to ionic bonding, types of chemical bonds, and molecular orbital theory.
SPIN –SPIN COUPLING
Nuclei can interact with each other to cause mutual splitting of the sharp resonance lines into multiplets.
Multiplicity of lines is related to the no.of protons in neighbouring groups.
Multiplicity is determined by (n+1)rule.
n- no.of neighbouring protons
Peak intensity of various multiplets can be determined by pascal’s triangle
Coupling Constant (J)
The distance between the centers of the two adjacent peaks in a multiplet is usually constant and is called as coupling constant.
It is Denoted by ‘J’
The value of the coupling constant is independent of the external field.
It is measured in Hertz (Hz) or in cps (cycles per second).
It is used to distinguish between the two singlets and one doublet, two doublet and one quartet.
The value of ‘J’ generally lies between 0 and 20 Hz.
Eg; The NMR spectrum of 1,2,2-trichloroethane two multiplets are observed
The constant value of J, the multiplet formed are of symmetrical nature.
Compounds which have constant value of J as follows;
Spectrum of ;a low field triplet (4H) and an upfield quintet (2H).J value is 7.1cps
Spectrum of Isopropyl cyanide ;a doublet (6H) and a septet (1H).J value is 6.7cps.
Spectrum of Butanone-2;a low field quartet (2H) and upfield triplet (3H).j value is 7.3cps.
TYPES OF COUPLING
Geminal coupling
Vicinal coupling
Long range coupling
The value of coupling constant (J) depends upon;
Number of covalent bonds
Structural relationship between the coupled protons
Geminal coupling
In the case of geminal protons of a saturated compound.
Geminal protons are the proton which are attached on the same carbon atom having different chemical environment.
Jgem value depends on the bond angle.The geminal protons are seperated by two bonds.
Vicinal coupling
Vicinal protons are the protons which are separated by three bonds.
The value of coupling constant varies with the dihedral angle.
The dihedral angle is 0₀ or 180₀ largest
value for the coupling constants.
The value of J vic is slightly negative
when the dihedral angle is 90₀.
In gouche proton the value of Jvic varies from 2 to 4cps.
Anti-proton the coupling constant varies from 5 to 12 cps.
Eg; Cyclopentane
Dihedral angle in cis proton is zero,the value of Jvic is 8cps.
Dihedral angle in trans proton is 90⸰,Jvic value is nearly zero.
From the value of the coupling constant to determine the configuration of a particular system.
Eg;Conformation of Malic acid
Long range coupling
No coupling observed for distance between two observing nuclei is more than three covalent bond.
Unsaturated /Fluoro compound show appreciable coupling for the distance of more than three covalent bond in high resolution spectrometer.
Long range coupling takes place between the aldehydic proton and a ring proton.
This document discusses inductive effects in organic chemistry. It begins by defining inductive effects as the withdrawal of electrons from a σ bond to the more electronegative atom or group, creating a dipole. This effect can alter the reactivity of other groups on the molecule. More electronegative substituents increase the acidity of carboxylic acids by withdrawing electron density from the acidic proton. The document also examines how inductive effects influence aromatic systems' affinity for carbon dioxide, with methyl groups increasing and halogen groups decreasing this affinity through their respective positive and negative inductive effects.
El documento describe el movimiento artístico del realismo en el siglo XIX. El realismo intentaba representar el mundo de una manera objetiva y verídica, centrándose en temas de la vida cotidiana y los problemas sociales en lugar de temas románticos o sobrenaturales. Artistas clave del movimiento incluyen a Courbet, Millet y Daumier, quienes plasmaron escenas campesinas y de la clase trabajadora de una manera naturalista. El realismo también reflejaba las ideas socialistas sobre la situación de las clases desfav
This document discusses inductive effects, resonance, and hyperconjugation. It defines resonance structures as alternative arrangements of electrons that stabilize molecules, and describes how resonance hybrids depict delocalized electrons. It explains that inductive effects stabilize charges through sigma bond polarization from electronegative atoms. Finally, it describes how hyperconjugation delocalizes positive charges in carbocations through overlap of vacant p orbitals with adjacent carbon-hydrogen sigma bonds.
El documento proporciona 10 actividades relacionadas con el arte barroco, en las que se pide al estudiante que indique razones por las cuales obras de arte específicas son barrocas y no renacentistas, incluyendo detalles sobre la representación de la obra Apolo y Dafne de Bernini.
Inductive Effect is the important topic in organic chemistry that gives us idea about electron withdrawing and accepting module of the specific group that determines the reactivity of the molecule or compound.
The document provides a reading list for essential and supplementary textbooks on topics related to physical chemistry and inorganic chemistry. The essential reading section lists 4 textbooks, while the supplementary reading section lists 3 additional textbooks. The document concludes by recommending specific textbooks to cover topics related to ionic bonding, types of chemical bonds, and molecular orbital theory.
SPIN –SPIN COUPLING
Nuclei can interact with each other to cause mutual splitting of the sharp resonance lines into multiplets.
Multiplicity of lines is related to the no.of protons in neighbouring groups.
Multiplicity is determined by (n+1)rule.
n- no.of neighbouring protons
Peak intensity of various multiplets can be determined by pascal’s triangle
Coupling Constant (J)
The distance between the centers of the two adjacent peaks in a multiplet is usually constant and is called as coupling constant.
It is Denoted by ‘J’
The value of the coupling constant is independent of the external field.
It is measured in Hertz (Hz) or in cps (cycles per second).
It is used to distinguish between the two singlets and one doublet, two doublet and one quartet.
The value of ‘J’ generally lies between 0 and 20 Hz.
Eg; The NMR spectrum of 1,2,2-trichloroethane two multiplets are observed
The constant value of J, the multiplet formed are of symmetrical nature.
Compounds which have constant value of J as follows;
Spectrum of ;a low field triplet (4H) and an upfield quintet (2H).J value is 7.1cps
Spectrum of Isopropyl cyanide ;a doublet (6H) and a septet (1H).J value is 6.7cps.
Spectrum of Butanone-2;a low field quartet (2H) and upfield triplet (3H).j value is 7.3cps.
TYPES OF COUPLING
Geminal coupling
Vicinal coupling
Long range coupling
The value of coupling constant (J) depends upon;
Number of covalent bonds
Structural relationship between the coupled protons
Geminal coupling
In the case of geminal protons of a saturated compound.
Geminal protons are the proton which are attached on the same carbon atom having different chemical environment.
Jgem value depends on the bond angle.The geminal protons are seperated by two bonds.
Vicinal coupling
Vicinal protons are the protons which are separated by three bonds.
The value of coupling constant varies with the dihedral angle.
The dihedral angle is 0₀ or 180₀ largest
value for the coupling constants.
The value of J vic is slightly negative
when the dihedral angle is 90₀.
In gouche proton the value of Jvic varies from 2 to 4cps.
Anti-proton the coupling constant varies from 5 to 12 cps.
Eg; Cyclopentane
Dihedral angle in cis proton is zero,the value of Jvic is 8cps.
Dihedral angle in trans proton is 90⸰,Jvic value is nearly zero.
From the value of the coupling constant to determine the configuration of a particular system.
Eg;Conformation of Malic acid
Long range coupling
No coupling observed for distance between two observing nuclei is more than three covalent bond.
Unsaturated /Fluoro compound show appreciable coupling for the distance of more than three covalent bond in high resolution spectrometer.
Long range coupling takes place between the aldehydic proton and a ring proton.
This document discusses inductive effects in organic chemistry. It begins by defining inductive effects as the withdrawal of electrons from a σ bond to the more electronegative atom or group, creating a dipole. This effect can alter the reactivity of other groups on the molecule. More electronegative substituents increase the acidity of carboxylic acids by withdrawing electron density from the acidic proton. The document also examines how inductive effects influence aromatic systems' affinity for carbon dioxide, with methyl groups increasing and halogen groups decreasing this affinity through their respective positive and negative inductive effects.
El documento describe el movimiento artístico del realismo en el siglo XIX. El realismo intentaba representar el mundo de una manera objetiva y verídica, centrándose en temas de la vida cotidiana y los problemas sociales en lugar de temas románticos o sobrenaturales. Artistas clave del movimiento incluyen a Courbet, Millet y Daumier, quienes plasmaron escenas campesinas y de la clase trabajadora de una manera naturalista. El realismo también reflejaba las ideas socialistas sobre la situación de las clases desfav
This document discusses inductive effects, resonance, and hyperconjugation. It defines resonance structures as alternative arrangements of electrons that stabilize molecules, and describes how resonance hybrids depict delocalized electrons. It explains that inductive effects stabilize charges through sigma bond polarization from electronegative atoms. Finally, it describes how hyperconjugation delocalizes positive charges in carbocations through overlap of vacant p orbitals with adjacent carbon-hydrogen sigma bonds.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses valence bond theory and hybridization. It explains that valence bond theory describes how covalent bonds form through the overlapping of atomic orbitals to form sigma and pi bonds. It then defines different types of hybridization including sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, sp3d2, and sp3d3 hybridization. These hybridization types involve the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that determine molecular geometry. Examples are provided to illustrate different bond types and hybridization.
Valence bond theory VBT (Full explanation) # Inorganic Chemistry #Chemistry D...Yo yo Nody khan
Valence bond theory describes covalent bond formation using quantum mechanics. It assumes that covalent bonds are formed by the overlapping of half-filled atomic orbitals between two atoms, with the electrons being shared between the nuclei. There are two types of covalent bonds: sigma (σ) bonds formed by head-on overlapping of orbitals, and pi (π) bonds formed by side-by-side overlapping of orbitals. The extent of orbital overlapping determines the bond strength.
Molecular spectroscopy techniques can be used to analyze the absorption and emission spectra of molecules like carbon monoxide and iodine gas. Andrew Hartford analyzed the rovibrational spectrum of carbon monoxide through its fundamental absorption spectrum between 1950-2275 cm-1 and first overtone between 4100-4400 cm-1. He fit the data to linear, quadratic, and cubic functions to extract molecular constants. Leland Breedlove measured the absorption spectrum of iodine gas and emission spectrum when excited by an argon laser. He plotted the bandhead energies versus vibrational quantum numbers to determine relationships between energy levels. Kandyss Najjar investigated the global warming potentials of methane and nitrous oxide by measuring
This document discusses spin-spin splitting in 1H NMR spectra. It explains that peaks are often split into multiple peaks due to magnetic interactions between nonequivalent protons on adjacent carbons, known as spin-spin splitting. The splitting follows the "n+1" rule, where n is the number of protons adjacent to the proton in question. The document provides examples of multiplets like doublets, triplets and quartets to illustrate this concept. It also discusses the origins and effects of spin-spin coupling on NMR spectra.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
Equitation is the art of horse riding or horsemanship, including how to saddle or harness and control a horse. Various equestrian sports were developed, including dressage, eventing, show jumping, polo, tent pegging, and horse racing. Proper equitation is important for the health and welfare of both the horse and rider.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses valence bond theory and hybridization. It explains that valence bond theory describes how covalent bonds form through the overlapping of atomic orbitals to form sigma and pi bonds. It then defines different types of hybridization including sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, sp3d2, and sp3d3 hybridization. These hybridization types involve the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that determine molecular geometry. Examples are provided to illustrate different bond types and hybridization.
Valence bond theory VBT (Full explanation) # Inorganic Chemistry #Chemistry D...Yo yo Nody khan
Valence bond theory describes covalent bond formation using quantum mechanics. It assumes that covalent bonds are formed by the overlapping of half-filled atomic orbitals between two atoms, with the electrons being shared between the nuclei. There are two types of covalent bonds: sigma (σ) bonds formed by head-on overlapping of orbitals, and pi (π) bonds formed by side-by-side overlapping of orbitals. The extent of orbital overlapping determines the bond strength.
Molecular spectroscopy techniques can be used to analyze the absorption and emission spectra of molecules like carbon monoxide and iodine gas. Andrew Hartford analyzed the rovibrational spectrum of carbon monoxide through its fundamental absorption spectrum between 1950-2275 cm-1 and first overtone between 4100-4400 cm-1. He fit the data to linear, quadratic, and cubic functions to extract molecular constants. Leland Breedlove measured the absorption spectrum of iodine gas and emission spectrum when excited by an argon laser. He plotted the bandhead energies versus vibrational quantum numbers to determine relationships between energy levels. Kandyss Najjar investigated the global warming potentials of methane and nitrous oxide by measuring
This document discusses spin-spin splitting in 1H NMR spectra. It explains that peaks are often split into multiple peaks due to magnetic interactions between nonequivalent protons on adjacent carbons, known as spin-spin splitting. The splitting follows the "n+1" rule, where n is the number of protons adjacent to the proton in question. The document provides examples of multiplets like doublets, triplets and quartets to illustrate this concept. It also discusses the origins and effects of spin-spin coupling on NMR spectra.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
Equitation is the art of horse riding or horsemanship, including how to saddle or harness and control a horse. Various equestrian sports were developed, including dressage, eventing, show jumping, polo, tent pegging, and horse racing. Proper equitation is important for the health and welfare of both the horse and rider.
Newsletter SPW Agriculture en province du Luxembourg du 12-06-24BenotGeorges3
Les informations et évènements agricoles en province du Luxembourg et en Wallonie susceptibles de vous intéresser et diffusés par le SPW Agriculture, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, Service extérieur de Libramont.
Le fichier :
Les newsletters : https://agriculture.wallonie.be/home/recherche-developpement/acteurs-du-developpement-et-de-la-vulgarisation/les-services-exterieurs-de-la-direction-de-la-recherche-et-du-developpement/newsletters-des-services-exterieurs-de-la-vulgarisation/newsletters-du-se-de-libramont.html
Bonne lecture et bienvenue aux activités proposées.
#Agriculture #Wallonie #Newsletter #Recherche #Développement #Vulgarisation #Evènement #Information #Formation #Innovation #Législation #PAC #SPW #ServicepublicdeWallonie
Cycle de Formation Théâtrale 2024 / 2025Billy DEYLORD
Pour la Saison 2024 / 2025, l'association « Le Bateau Ivre » propose un Cycle de formation théâtrale pour particuliers amateurs et professionnels des arts de la scène enfants, adolescents et adultes à l'Espace Saint-Jean de Melun (77). 108 heures de formation, d’octobre 2024 à juin 2025, à travers trois cours hebdomadaires (« Pierrot ou la science de la Scène », « Montage de spectacles », « Le Mime et son Répertoire ») et un stage annuel « Tournez dans un film de cinéma muet ».
Formation M2i - Onboarding réussi - les clés pour intégrer efficacement vos n...M2i Formation
Améliorez l'intégration de vos nouveaux collaborateurs grâce à notre formation flash sur l'onboarding. Découvrez des stratégies éprouvées et des outils pratiques pour transformer l'intégration en une expérience fluide et efficace, et faire de chaque nouvelle recrue un atout pour vos équipes.
Les points abordés lors de la formation :
- Les fondamentaux d'un onboarding réussi
- Les outils et stratégies pour un onboarding efficace
- L'engagement et la culture d'entreprise
- L'onboarding continu et l'amélioration continue
Formation offerte animée à distance avec notre expert Eric Collin
3. L’AUTEUR:
• Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais
• Paris, 24 Janvier 1732 – Ibidem, 18 Mai 1799
• Musicien, poète et dramaturge
• Figure émblematique
• Précurseur
4. LE MOUVEMENT
• Siècle des Lumières ( 1715-1789)
• Intolérance aux abus des Églises
• S’opposant à la superstition
5. LES PERSONNAGES
• Le comte Almaviva, un gran corrégidor
d’Andalousie
• La comtesse, sa femme
• Figaro, valet de chambre du comte
• Suzanne, première camariste de la comtesse et
fiancée de Figaro
• Marceline, femme de charge
• Antonio, jardinier du château, oncle de Suzanne
et père de Fanchette
6. • Fanchette, fille d’Antonio
• Chérubin, premier page du comte
• Bartholo, médecine de Seville
• Bazile, maître de clavecin de la comtesse
• Don Gusman Brid’oison, lieutenant du siège
• Double-man, greffier, secrétaire de Don Gusman
• Un huissier-audiencier
• Grippe-soleil, jeune pastoureau
• Pédrile, piqueur du comte
8. Conclusion
En conclusion, on peut dire que c’est un livre très
difficile de comprendre parce que son
vocabulaire et expressions sont très vieux.
Si je dois être honnêtte, je ne l’aime pas, j’ai dû
faire un effort pour le terminer mais c’était une
expérience et je me suis contente avec moi
pour l’avoir fini.