Mother goddess in Harappan Culture
•
2 j'aime•3,602 vues
The document discusses evidence of a Mother Goddess cult in the Indus Valley civilization. Figurines excavated at sites like Harappa depict dancing girls and figures interpreted as fertility goddesses. One large female figurine found at Harappa was elaborately ornamented, which has led scholars to interpret female figurines as representations of mother goddesses receiving ritual worship. Seals recovered from Harappa depict religious scenes, including one showing a deity receiving offerings beneath a pipal tree while a ram watches, which may represent a ritual ceremony.
Signaler
Partager
Signaler
Partager
Recommandé
Panchdevopasana new.pdf
The document discusses the tradition of Panchdevopasana, which is the combined worship of five deities - Shiva, Vishnu, Shakti, Surya, and Ganesh. It originated as an effort to unite different traditions in Hinduism. Evidence of Panchdevopasana can be found as early as the Gupta period, with examples of Panchayatana temples from the early medieval period in Khajuraho, Bhubaneswar, and Rajasthan. The worship of the five deities represents the five elements through different associations.
Kharosthi script.pptx
The Kharoṣṭhī script was used in the northwestern regions of South Asia from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. It was deciphered in the 19th century through bilingual inscriptions. There is debate around its origins, with some arguing it developed from the Aramaic script due to Persian influence, while others believe it was indigenous to South Asia. Key features include being written right-to-left, not differentiating long and short vowels, and being used to write Gandhari and other Prakrit languages. It was widely used by Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian, Indo-Parthian, and Kushan rulers on
Development of copper technology in ancient india
1) Copper was widely used in ancient India from as early as the 5th millennium BC based on evidence from sites like Mehrgarh and Nal.
2) During the Indus civilization between 2600-1900 BC, copper, bronze, and other metals like lead, silver, and gold were commonly used to make vessels, tools, weapons, and ornaments as seen at major sites.
3) After the Indus civilization, copper use continued and spread to other parts of India as seen in artifacts from late Harappan sites as well as Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites across the subcontinent.
tirth new.pdf
Tirthas or pilgrimage sites have great religious significance in Hinduism according to scriptures like the Puranas. Visiting tirthas generates spiritual merit and has benefits like purification from sins. Some key points about tirthas include:
1) Important tirthas mentioned are the Char Dham, 12 Jyotirlingas, Sapta Puri and rivers like Ganga.
2) Tirthyatras help one attain spiritual goals like purification, fulfillment of vows, and performance of rituals and rites of passage.
3) Scriptures lay down rules for tirthyatras and procedures to follow like fasting, prayers and donations before and after travel.
Ghousundi Inscription
1. The Hathibada Ghosundi Inscriptions were discovered in three fragments found near Nagari Village in Rajasthan, dating to around 100 BCE.
2. Written in Sanskrit in the Brahmi script, the inscriptions describe the construction of an enclosing wall around a stone object of worship for the deities Samkarshana and Vasudeva by a king named Sarvatta, who performed the Vedic Ashvamedha sacrifice.
3. The inscriptions provide early evidence of Vaishnavism and the reverence of Krishna and Balarama in 1st century BCE India, as well as their association with Vishnu.
Development of iron in ancient india
This document discusses the origin and development of iron technology in ancient India. It begins by outlining the importance of iron and some key issues regarding its introduction and use in India. It then examines the earliest historical references to Indian iron from Greek sources in the 5th century BCE. Archaeological evidence suggests iron metallurgy began indigenously in India as early as 1800 BCE and progressed through distinct stages. Literary sources also provide valuable information about ironworking techniques described as early as 500 BCE. Overall, the document argues that India had a long indigenous tradition of iron production and metallurgy spanning over 4000 years.
saur sampradaya.pdf
The document discusses the Saur sampradaya, or sun worship tradition, in India. It covers:
- The worship of the sun god Surya has ancient roots in Vedic and other early Indian religions, though Surya was not a primary deity.
- A distinct sun cult emerged later in history, with Surya portrayed as the omnipotent creator. This was influenced by traditions from outside India, brought by immigrants like the Sakas.
- Key texts of the Saur tradition include the Saura Samhita and Surya Satakam. Distinct rituals and festivals centered on worshipping Surya in various forms.
- Archaeological evidence and literary
Besnagar Inscription.pptx
The inscription records a pillar erected in honor of Lord Vasudeva by Heliodorus, an ambassador of the Indo-Greek king Antialcidas in Besnagar, India. Heliodorus describes himself as a Bhagavata, indicating the prevalence and spread of Bhagavatism in the region. The pillar's unique architectural design transitioning from octagonal to sixteen to thirty-two sides also provides historical significance.
Recommandé
Panchdevopasana new.pdf
The document discusses the tradition of Panchdevopasana, which is the combined worship of five deities - Shiva, Vishnu, Shakti, Surya, and Ganesh. It originated as an effort to unite different traditions in Hinduism. Evidence of Panchdevopasana can be found as early as the Gupta period, with examples of Panchayatana temples from the early medieval period in Khajuraho, Bhubaneswar, and Rajasthan. The worship of the five deities represents the five elements through different associations.
Kharosthi script.pptx
The Kharoṣṭhī script was used in the northwestern regions of South Asia from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. It was deciphered in the 19th century through bilingual inscriptions. There is debate around its origins, with some arguing it developed from the Aramaic script due to Persian influence, while others believe it was indigenous to South Asia. Key features include being written right-to-left, not differentiating long and short vowels, and being used to write Gandhari and other Prakrit languages. It was widely used by Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian, Indo-Parthian, and Kushan rulers on
Development of copper technology in ancient india
1) Copper was widely used in ancient India from as early as the 5th millennium BC based on evidence from sites like Mehrgarh and Nal.
2) During the Indus civilization between 2600-1900 BC, copper, bronze, and other metals like lead, silver, and gold were commonly used to make vessels, tools, weapons, and ornaments as seen at major sites.
3) After the Indus civilization, copper use continued and spread to other parts of India as seen in artifacts from late Harappan sites as well as Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites across the subcontinent.
tirth new.pdf
Tirthas or pilgrimage sites have great religious significance in Hinduism according to scriptures like the Puranas. Visiting tirthas generates spiritual merit and has benefits like purification from sins. Some key points about tirthas include:
1) Important tirthas mentioned are the Char Dham, 12 Jyotirlingas, Sapta Puri and rivers like Ganga.
2) Tirthyatras help one attain spiritual goals like purification, fulfillment of vows, and performance of rituals and rites of passage.
3) Scriptures lay down rules for tirthyatras and procedures to follow like fasting, prayers and donations before and after travel.
Ghousundi Inscription
1. The Hathibada Ghosundi Inscriptions were discovered in three fragments found near Nagari Village in Rajasthan, dating to around 100 BCE.
2. Written in Sanskrit in the Brahmi script, the inscriptions describe the construction of an enclosing wall around a stone object of worship for the deities Samkarshana and Vasudeva by a king named Sarvatta, who performed the Vedic Ashvamedha sacrifice.
3. The inscriptions provide early evidence of Vaishnavism and the reverence of Krishna and Balarama in 1st century BCE India, as well as their association with Vishnu.
Development of iron in ancient india
This document discusses the origin and development of iron technology in ancient India. It begins by outlining the importance of iron and some key issues regarding its introduction and use in India. It then examines the earliest historical references to Indian iron from Greek sources in the 5th century BCE. Archaeological evidence suggests iron metallurgy began indigenously in India as early as 1800 BCE and progressed through distinct stages. Literary sources also provide valuable information about ironworking techniques described as early as 500 BCE. Overall, the document argues that India had a long indigenous tradition of iron production and metallurgy spanning over 4000 years.
saur sampradaya.pdf
The document discusses the Saur sampradaya, or sun worship tradition, in India. It covers:
- The worship of the sun god Surya has ancient roots in Vedic and other early Indian religions, though Surya was not a primary deity.
- A distinct sun cult emerged later in history, with Surya portrayed as the omnipotent creator. This was influenced by traditions from outside India, brought by immigrants like the Sakas.
- Key texts of the Saur tradition include the Saura Samhita and Surya Satakam. Distinct rituals and festivals centered on worshipping Surya in various forms.
- Archaeological evidence and literary
Besnagar Inscription.pptx
The inscription records a pillar erected in honor of Lord Vasudeva by Heliodorus, an ambassador of the Indo-Greek king Antialcidas in Besnagar, India. Heliodorus describes himself as a Bhagavata, indicating the prevalence and spread of Bhagavatism in the region. The pillar's unique architectural design transitioning from octagonal to sixteen to thirty-two sides also provides historical significance.
Mining and metallurgy of ancinet india
The document discusses mining and metallurgy techniques from ancient India. It describes 18 states where mining took place and the main ores found in each state. Ten engineering sciences from ancient India are listed, including khani shastra (mining and metallurgy). Four techniques (vidyas) and 12 skills (kalas) related to khani shastra are defined. Techniques for gemology, calcination, alloy making, and metal separation are summarized. Skills for iron smithing, glass making, metal pot making, and gold testing are also outlined. Mining terminology from ancient Sanskrit texts is provided and techniques from texts like the Arthashastra are summarized.
Avatarvaada.pdf
The document discusses the concept of avatars in Hinduism. It defines avatars as incarnations of God that come down to earth for specific purposes like restoring order. It outlines the main avatars according to various scriptures like Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Nrisimha, Vamana, Parashurama, Rama, Krishna, Buddha and the future Kalki. The document also examines the development of beliefs around individual avatars over time as depicted in texts and art from different historical periods in India.
Art of Rashtrakuta Period (General Introduction)
The Rashtrakuta dynasty ruled southern India between 753-982 CE, originating as feudatories of the Badami Chalukyas. They established their empire with its base in modern Karnataka. Major contemporary dynasties included the Palas in eastern India and Paramaras in western India. The Rashtrakutas patronized Brahminical, Buddhist and Jain religions and made important contributions to art and architecture, with centers at Ellora, Aihole, Pattadakal, and Elephanta. Their rule declined in the 10th century and later empires annexed their territory, though cultural practices continued.
KAUHOM INSCRIPTION OF SKANDAGUPTA
Skandagupta issued an inscription in 459-460 CE that was erected as a pillar at Kahom village in Deoria district, Uttar Pradesh. The pillar contained sculptures of Jain tirthankaras and an inscription describing the lineage of the individuals who commissioned the pillar's construction. It was erected by Madra, son of Rudrasoma, for the welfare of all beings and to honor the first Jain teachers. The inscription provides valuable information about the Gupta dynasty and Skandagupta's reign.
Numismatics - minting process
this presentation describes 3 types of coin minting processes used in ancient india.
Punching
casting and
Die striking
Kahom stone pillar inscription of skandaguptapdf
The Kahom stone pillar inscription from the reign of Skandagupta provides details about the erection of a stone pillar and statues of Jain tirthankaras in the village of Kakubha. It establishes Skandagupta's lineage from the Gupta dynasty and mentions the great turmoil that affected the dynasty, after which Skandagupta brought stability. The inscription also provides context for decipherment attempts over time and identifies the figures on the pillar as Jain tirthankaras, not Buddha.
shaiva pdf.pdf
Shaivism has a long history in India dating back to the Vedic period. It grew in popularity and influence during the Gupta period as evidenced by literary and archaeological sources. Various Shaiva sects emerged like Pashupata, Shaiva Siddhanta, Kapalika, and Lingayata. Shaivism was also practiced by rulers and spread across India through temples built in major Shaiva centers. Iconography and rituals of Shaiva worship centered on forms of Shiva from peaceful to fierce aspects. Shaivism remains an influential religious tradition in India with continuity seen over different historical periods.
Lumbini inscription.pptx
1) The Rummindei Pillar Inscription was discovered in Lumbini, Nepal in 1896 and is written in Brahmi script on a polished stone pillar.
2) The inscription dates to 20 years after King Ashoka's consecration and commemorates his pilgrimage to Lumbini, describing how he paid homage to the site of Buddha's birth and erected a stone pillar and wall.
3) It states that Ashoka granted the village of Lumbini tax exemption and required it to pay only an eighth portion of its produce, in honor of the Buddha being born there.
Lion Capital of Sarnath (Mauryan Period)
The PPP is created for the students of UG not for my personal API and not even for the commercial purpose.
Kushana coinage
The Kuṣaṇas started their ruling under Kujula Kadphises in central asia and centre of power was Gandhara .
The Kuṣaṇas apparently introduced the very first anthropomorphic representations of Indian gods for their coins in Gandhara, even before an iconographical canon for these deities became standardised
Achaemenian invasions of India
The document summarizes the Achaemenid or Persian invasions of India from 580-327 BCE under Cyrus, Darius I, and Xerxes I. It provides background information on the Achaemenid Empire and lists some of the Indian and Persian rulers during this period. It then discusses reasons for the Achaemenid victories in India, the impact of their administration and influence on areas like administration, art, science, and languages. The decline of Achaemenid rule in India is marked by Alexander the Great's conquest of the empire and his defeat of Darius III in the Battle of Gaugamela in 330 BCE.
Chalukya of Vengi Dynasty
The Chalukya dynasty originated in Western India between the 6th and 13th centuries CE and comprised three main branches - the Badami Chalukyas who ruled from Badami, the Eastern Chalukyas who ruled the Vengi region from the 7th to 10th centuries, and the Western Chalukyas who ruled from Kalyani. The Eastern Chalukyas controlled a fertile region along the Godavari and Krishna rivers in present-day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They competed for power with other South Indian dynasties like the Pallavas and Rashtrakutas but declined in the 11th century when their kingdom fell to the Chola Empire.
rummendei pdf.pdf
The document summarizes an inscription found at Rummindei (also known as Pāḍariyā) in Nepal, discussing debates around its authenticity and interpretations. Some key points:
- The inscription was discovered in 1896 and is attributed to Emperor Ashoka, though some scholars argue it is a later forgery due to inconsistencies with Ashoka's other edicts.
- It describes Ashoka visiting Lumbini, where Buddha was born, and making grants to the village. However, the language and carving style have been questioned.
- Alternative interpretations of the inscription have emerged that challenge the long-held belief that Lumbini referred to in the inscription was Buddha's actual birth
Pallavas.pdf
Narsimhavarman I was a powerful Pallava king who strengthened the empire during his reign. He defeated the Chalukyas of Badami in two stages:
1) He defeated Pulakesin II in 642 CE, capturing Vatapi and killing Pulakesin. This victory expanded Pallava control.
2) The Chalukyas regained power and Vikramaditya II defeated Narsimhavarman I, occupying Kanchi briefly. However, the Pallavas remained a formidable force in South India during Narsimhavarman's rule.
Salient Features of Late Gupta Temple Architecture
1. The document summarizes the salient features and development phases of Late Gupta temple architecture between 350-600 CE in central India.
2. Key temples from this period included the Dasavatara temple at Deogarh, the Bhitargaon temple, and temples at Sanchi, Tigawa, and Bhumara.
3. Late Gupta temples are characterized by features like the establishment of temples on high platforms, ornate door columns, depictions of Ganga and Yamuna on doorjambs, and the addition of pinnacles over sanctums.
Economy of indus valley
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is for students only.
8 11
The Kalachuris were a dynasty that ruled parts of central India between the 8th-12th centuries AD from their capital of Tripuri. They traced their origin to Mahishmati and called themselves Chandravanshis. The early Kalachuris ruled from Mahishmati but later shifted their capital to Tripuri. The dynasty rose to prominence under rulers like Shankaragan I in the 8th century AD. Later rulers like Kokalla I and Yuvaraja I expanded the kingdom and defeated neighboring rulers. The Kalachuris acknowledged the overlordship of empires like the Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas at times through marriage alliances. They were patrons of Hinduism and J
gita.pdf
The document discusses the Bhagavad Gita, including that it is part of the Mahabharata and contains 700 verses describing a dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna. It outlines the three main paths or yogas described in the Gita: karma yoga which involves selfless action; jnana yoga which is the path of wisdom and knowledge; and bhakti yoga which is the path of loving devotion to God. The document also discusses commentaries on the Gita, its themes of dharma, philosophy and ethics, and its influence on Indian thought.
Saur sampradaya
The document discusses the Saur sampradaya, or sun worship tradition, in India. It covers:
- The worship of the sun god Surya has ancient roots in Vedic and other early Indian religions, though Surya was not a primary deity.
- A distinct sun cult emerged later in history, with Surya portrayed as the omnipotent creator. This was influenced by traditions from outside India.
- Key texts of the Saur tradition date back to the 10th century CE. Distinct rituals and festivals centered around sun worship.
- Archaeological evidence and literary sources show sun worship was prominent from at least the Gupta period onwards, with many rulers and communities practicing
VENGI OF CHALUKYA DYNASTY.ppt
Vijayaditya III was a powerful king of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty of Vengi who reigned from 849-892 CE. He defeated several neighboring dynasties including the Rashtrakutas, Pallavas, Gangas, and Cholas, gaining control over a large portion of the Deccan. After the death of his Rashtrakuta ally Amoghavarsha I, Vijayaditya declared independence from the Rashtrakutas. His successors Bhima I and Vijayaditya IV continued expanding the kingdom, but it eventually declined with the rise of the Kakatiya dynasty.
Indus Religion.pptx
The chapter aims at reconstructing life ways of the authors of the Indus Civilization based on the artefacts unearthed from various sites in India and Pakistan. We will also discuss the major hindrances for the identification of religious institutions of the civilization.
Preaching Buddha, Sarnath
This document provides information about a sculpture of the Preaching Buddha from Sarnath, India dated to around 500 CE. The sculpture was discovered in 1905 during excavations led by F.O. Oertel and is now displayed in the Sarnath Site Museum. It depicts the Buddha surrounded by his five first disciples as well as a female figure and child. At the center is a depiction of the Dharma wheel. Details such as the short hair, urna, and elongated earlobes identify the figure as the Buddha. The sculpture shows him in the Dharma-chakra-pravartana mudra and provides an example of the artistic style of the Great Sarnath School.
Contenu connexe
Tendances
Mining and metallurgy of ancinet india
The document discusses mining and metallurgy techniques from ancient India. It describes 18 states where mining took place and the main ores found in each state. Ten engineering sciences from ancient India are listed, including khani shastra (mining and metallurgy). Four techniques (vidyas) and 12 skills (kalas) related to khani shastra are defined. Techniques for gemology, calcination, alloy making, and metal separation are summarized. Skills for iron smithing, glass making, metal pot making, and gold testing are also outlined. Mining terminology from ancient Sanskrit texts is provided and techniques from texts like the Arthashastra are summarized.
Avatarvaada.pdf
The document discusses the concept of avatars in Hinduism. It defines avatars as incarnations of God that come down to earth for specific purposes like restoring order. It outlines the main avatars according to various scriptures like Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Nrisimha, Vamana, Parashurama, Rama, Krishna, Buddha and the future Kalki. The document also examines the development of beliefs around individual avatars over time as depicted in texts and art from different historical periods in India.
Art of Rashtrakuta Period (General Introduction)
The Rashtrakuta dynasty ruled southern India between 753-982 CE, originating as feudatories of the Badami Chalukyas. They established their empire with its base in modern Karnataka. Major contemporary dynasties included the Palas in eastern India and Paramaras in western India. The Rashtrakutas patronized Brahminical, Buddhist and Jain religions and made important contributions to art and architecture, with centers at Ellora, Aihole, Pattadakal, and Elephanta. Their rule declined in the 10th century and later empires annexed their territory, though cultural practices continued.
KAUHOM INSCRIPTION OF SKANDAGUPTA
Skandagupta issued an inscription in 459-460 CE that was erected as a pillar at Kahom village in Deoria district, Uttar Pradesh. The pillar contained sculptures of Jain tirthankaras and an inscription describing the lineage of the individuals who commissioned the pillar's construction. It was erected by Madra, son of Rudrasoma, for the welfare of all beings and to honor the first Jain teachers. The inscription provides valuable information about the Gupta dynasty and Skandagupta's reign.
Numismatics - minting process
this presentation describes 3 types of coin minting processes used in ancient india.
Punching
casting and
Die striking
Kahom stone pillar inscription of skandaguptapdf
The Kahom stone pillar inscription from the reign of Skandagupta provides details about the erection of a stone pillar and statues of Jain tirthankaras in the village of Kakubha. It establishes Skandagupta's lineage from the Gupta dynasty and mentions the great turmoil that affected the dynasty, after which Skandagupta brought stability. The inscription also provides context for decipherment attempts over time and identifies the figures on the pillar as Jain tirthankaras, not Buddha.
shaiva pdf.pdf
Shaivism has a long history in India dating back to the Vedic period. It grew in popularity and influence during the Gupta period as evidenced by literary and archaeological sources. Various Shaiva sects emerged like Pashupata, Shaiva Siddhanta, Kapalika, and Lingayata. Shaivism was also practiced by rulers and spread across India through temples built in major Shaiva centers. Iconography and rituals of Shaiva worship centered on forms of Shiva from peaceful to fierce aspects. Shaivism remains an influential religious tradition in India with continuity seen over different historical periods.
Lumbini inscription.pptx
1) The Rummindei Pillar Inscription was discovered in Lumbini, Nepal in 1896 and is written in Brahmi script on a polished stone pillar.
2) The inscription dates to 20 years after King Ashoka's consecration and commemorates his pilgrimage to Lumbini, describing how he paid homage to the site of Buddha's birth and erected a stone pillar and wall.
3) It states that Ashoka granted the village of Lumbini tax exemption and required it to pay only an eighth portion of its produce, in honor of the Buddha being born there.
Lion Capital of Sarnath (Mauryan Period)
The PPP is created for the students of UG not for my personal API and not even for the commercial purpose.
Kushana coinage
The Kuṣaṇas started their ruling under Kujula Kadphises in central asia and centre of power was Gandhara .
The Kuṣaṇas apparently introduced the very first anthropomorphic representations of Indian gods for their coins in Gandhara, even before an iconographical canon for these deities became standardised
Achaemenian invasions of India
The document summarizes the Achaemenid or Persian invasions of India from 580-327 BCE under Cyrus, Darius I, and Xerxes I. It provides background information on the Achaemenid Empire and lists some of the Indian and Persian rulers during this period. It then discusses reasons for the Achaemenid victories in India, the impact of their administration and influence on areas like administration, art, science, and languages. The decline of Achaemenid rule in India is marked by Alexander the Great's conquest of the empire and his defeat of Darius III in the Battle of Gaugamela in 330 BCE.
Chalukya of Vengi Dynasty
The Chalukya dynasty originated in Western India between the 6th and 13th centuries CE and comprised three main branches - the Badami Chalukyas who ruled from Badami, the Eastern Chalukyas who ruled the Vengi region from the 7th to 10th centuries, and the Western Chalukyas who ruled from Kalyani. The Eastern Chalukyas controlled a fertile region along the Godavari and Krishna rivers in present-day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They competed for power with other South Indian dynasties like the Pallavas and Rashtrakutas but declined in the 11th century when their kingdom fell to the Chola Empire.
rummendei pdf.pdf
The document summarizes an inscription found at Rummindei (also known as Pāḍariyā) in Nepal, discussing debates around its authenticity and interpretations. Some key points:
- The inscription was discovered in 1896 and is attributed to Emperor Ashoka, though some scholars argue it is a later forgery due to inconsistencies with Ashoka's other edicts.
- It describes Ashoka visiting Lumbini, where Buddha was born, and making grants to the village. However, the language and carving style have been questioned.
- Alternative interpretations of the inscription have emerged that challenge the long-held belief that Lumbini referred to in the inscription was Buddha's actual birth
Pallavas.pdf
Narsimhavarman I was a powerful Pallava king who strengthened the empire during his reign. He defeated the Chalukyas of Badami in two stages:
1) He defeated Pulakesin II in 642 CE, capturing Vatapi and killing Pulakesin. This victory expanded Pallava control.
2) The Chalukyas regained power and Vikramaditya II defeated Narsimhavarman I, occupying Kanchi briefly. However, the Pallavas remained a formidable force in South India during Narsimhavarman's rule.
Salient Features of Late Gupta Temple Architecture
1. The document summarizes the salient features and development phases of Late Gupta temple architecture between 350-600 CE in central India.
2. Key temples from this period included the Dasavatara temple at Deogarh, the Bhitargaon temple, and temples at Sanchi, Tigawa, and Bhumara.
3. Late Gupta temples are characterized by features like the establishment of temples on high platforms, ornate door columns, depictions of Ganga and Yamuna on doorjambs, and the addition of pinnacles over sanctums.
Economy of indus valley
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is for students only.
8 11
The Kalachuris were a dynasty that ruled parts of central India between the 8th-12th centuries AD from their capital of Tripuri. They traced their origin to Mahishmati and called themselves Chandravanshis. The early Kalachuris ruled from Mahishmati but later shifted their capital to Tripuri. The dynasty rose to prominence under rulers like Shankaragan I in the 8th century AD. Later rulers like Kokalla I and Yuvaraja I expanded the kingdom and defeated neighboring rulers. The Kalachuris acknowledged the overlordship of empires like the Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas at times through marriage alliances. They were patrons of Hinduism and J
gita.pdf
The document discusses the Bhagavad Gita, including that it is part of the Mahabharata and contains 700 verses describing a dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna. It outlines the three main paths or yogas described in the Gita: karma yoga which involves selfless action; jnana yoga which is the path of wisdom and knowledge; and bhakti yoga which is the path of loving devotion to God. The document also discusses commentaries on the Gita, its themes of dharma, philosophy and ethics, and its influence on Indian thought.
Saur sampradaya
The document discusses the Saur sampradaya, or sun worship tradition, in India. It covers:
- The worship of the sun god Surya has ancient roots in Vedic and other early Indian religions, though Surya was not a primary deity.
- A distinct sun cult emerged later in history, with Surya portrayed as the omnipotent creator. This was influenced by traditions from outside India.
- Key texts of the Saur tradition date back to the 10th century CE. Distinct rituals and festivals centered around sun worship.
- Archaeological evidence and literary sources show sun worship was prominent from at least the Gupta period onwards, with many rulers and communities practicing
VENGI OF CHALUKYA DYNASTY.ppt
Vijayaditya III was a powerful king of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty of Vengi who reigned from 849-892 CE. He defeated several neighboring dynasties including the Rashtrakutas, Pallavas, Gangas, and Cholas, gaining control over a large portion of the Deccan. After the death of his Rashtrakuta ally Amoghavarsha I, Vijayaditya declared independence from the Rashtrakutas. His successors Bhima I and Vijayaditya IV continued expanding the kingdom, but it eventually declined with the rise of the Kakatiya dynasty.
Tendances (20)
Salient Features of Late Gupta Temple Architecture
Salient Features of Late Gupta Temple Architecture
Similaire à Mother goddess in Harappan Culture
Indus Religion.pptx
The chapter aims at reconstructing life ways of the authors of the Indus Civilization based on the artefacts unearthed from various sites in India and Pakistan. We will also discuss the major hindrances for the identification of religious institutions of the civilization.
Preaching Buddha, Sarnath
This document provides information about a sculpture of the Preaching Buddha from Sarnath, India dated to around 500 CE. The sculpture was discovered in 1905 during excavations led by F.O. Oertel and is now displayed in the Sarnath Site Museum. It depicts the Buddha surrounded by his five first disciples as well as a female figure and child. At the center is a depiction of the Dharma wheel. Details such as the short hair, urna, and elongated earlobes identify the figure as the Buddha. The sculpture shows him in the Dharma-chakra-pravartana mudra and provides an example of the artistic style of the Great Sarnath School.
Harappa civilization iv
The document summarizes the society, religion, and decline of the Indus Valley Civilization. It discusses how society was stratified into rulers, merchants, and laborers. Religion was polytheistic and included worship of mother goddesses and phallic symbols. The decline of the civilization around 1800-1700 BC is thought to have been caused by major ecological changes, including flooding from shifts in the Indus river, that damaged agriculture and urban centers and led the society to gradually collapse.
IVC religion .pdf
The document discusses religion in the Indus Valley Civilization based on archaeological remains. It summarizes that the civilization likely worshipped a mother goddess and male deity based on figurines and seals. Ritual aspects included worship of trees, animals, fire, and water. Burial practices involved both full and partial burials outside cities. However, the philosophical aspects of religion cannot be fully understood without deciphering the script. Regional variations may have existed in the vast Indus Valley region.
Ivc religion pdf
The document discusses religion in the Indus Valley Civilization based on archaeological remains. It summarizes that the civilization likely had nature, fertility, and fire-based rituals centered around a mother goddess and Pashupati figure. Ritual aspects included figurines, seals depicting sacrifice, and elaborate burial practices. However, the lack of written texts means the philosophical aspects of their religion cannot be fully understood and interpretations are based on assumptions from material artifacts that show some regional variations.
Research Paper
The document provides an in-depth analysis of a 18th century artwork called "Buddhist Demoness (Dakini)" made of silver, gilt silver, and gilt copper alloy. It analyzes the artwork from bottom to top, describing symbols like beads, leaves, cowry shells and more that represent Buddhist themes. It examines the Dakini figure's posture, jewelry, skirt pattern, and face which depict characteristics of Buddha like pride and attainment. Overall, the artwork demonstrates Buddha's principles of overcoming desire and ego to achieve enlightenment.
Goddess in kushana kingdom of gandhara
The document discusses the development of Hindu goddess worship in Gandhara during the Kushana Empire. It notes that Gandhara was an important center of Hinduism in Central Asia and was influenced by multiple cultures through trade and invasion. During the Kushana period in the 2nd-3rd century AD, many new iconographic representations of Hindu gods first appeared in Gandhara. The document examines archaeological evidence for the worship of various goddesses like Lakshmi, Durga, and Saraswati. It suggests that concepts like Durga assimilated attributes of the Near Eastern goddess Nana during this time. The Kushana period saw composite images of goddesses as religious syncretism increased in the
The tantric cities of angkor
The document discusses the worship of the lingam and yoni in Hinduism and Tantric traditions. It provides background on:
- The lingam representing the male phallus or Shiva, and the yoni representing the female sex organ or Shakti. Together they symbolize the union of male and female principles.
- In Tantric practice, the yoni or mūlādhāra cakra at the base of the spine is significant. Through practices like directing energy and breath, adepts aim to awaken the kuṇḍalinī serpent force to reach higher cakras.
- Iconography includes natural lingams, as well as carved stone ling
Buddhist Goddess- Pragyaparmita
The PPP is made for the students of PG not for my API.
Dont confuse with the Slide no. 08 picture is not the image of Prgyaparmita.... It is the image of Chunda. It is just for your understanding about similarities of an icons.
Art299Module6
With this module we open up our study of the connections (and disconnections!) between visual imagery and religious belief. Considering only two of the major religious traditions in India, we take a look at what we see and how
Hinduism part 1 1
Hinduism originated around 4000 BC in the Indus River Valley region of the Indian subcontinent. Its beliefs integrated over time as Aryan invaders introduced their own system around 1500 BC. Key texts like the Vedas and Upanishads were written between 1700-500 BC and formed Hindu traditions. Hinduism is characterized by beliefs in dharma, reincarnation, and many deities including Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, and goddess figures representing the divine feminine creative force.
Mata ni-pachedi gujarat
Mata ni Pachedi is a traditional craft of painting narratives of the Goddess Durga on cloth that has been practiced for over 300 years by the nomadic Vaghri tribe in Gujarat, India. The paintings depict Durga in the center surrounded by gods, devotees, and animals. Only three colors are traditionally used - maroon, black, and the natural color of the cloth. The paintings tell stories and myths from religious texts and were originally hung as temporary shrines. Though now mainly block printed, Mata ni Pachedi remain important cultural artifacts celebrating Goddess Durga.
God shiva iconography in kushana kingdom of gandhara
The visual appearance of Śhiva is based on the iconography of the god Wēś, who is frequently depicted on the reverses of Kuṣāṇa coinage from the time of Vima onwards.
Wēś, as introduced by the Kuṣaṇas, was the outcome of a syncretism by merging attributes of Greek, Roman, native and Iranian deities .Thus, Wēś can be considered an intermediary deity who played a critical role in the formation of Hindu Śiva’s iconography in Gandhāra.
The visual manifestations of the Kuṣāṇa’s Wēś, as depicted on coins and the stone images of the Hindu Śiva from the same period, share strong resemblances.
Sex temples of Khajuraho
The document provides information about worship, rituals, and temples in Hinduism. It then summarizes the Khajuraho temples located in Madhya Pradesh, India, known for their erotic carvings. The temples were built between 950-1050 CE by the Chandela dynasty. While over 850 temples were originally constructed, only 22 remain today. The intricate carvings found on the temples depict various sexual acts and were meant to represent life's passions. Though now seen as shocking, sexual norms in India were once more liberal. The isolated location of the temples helped preserve the graphic motifs for centuries until their rediscovery in 1838.
Devadasi
The Devadasi tradition began with maidens being dedicated to temples as dancers and musicians to serve the deities, though over time many fell into prostitution as the tradition evolved and their status declined; Devadasis were highly respected temple dancers and artists who performed classical dance forms that developed from their traditions; while the practice started as celibate service, political and social changes degraded the status of Devadasis and forced many into poverty and sex work.
Jqeq 22nd oct ishani
This document is about Goddess Durga emerging from the waters of the Ganga river as a spirit. The gods came together to give her a physical form. Shiva created her face, Indra crafted her torso, Chandra made her breasts, Brahma made her teeth, Bhudevi made her lower body, Varuna sculpted her thighs and knees, and Agni created her eyes. Thus she was given supreme powers from all the gods. This is how Goddess Durga was born.
Rolesofhinduwomen 091224065238-phpapp01
This document discusses the status and roles of women in Hindu Dharma and scriptures through various examples and evidence:
- Women were respected sages and contributed to the authorship of major Hindu scriptures like the Vedas. Several mantras and hymns are attributed to women.
- Major Hindu deities include both masculine and feminine forms. God is depicted as both male and female, or as an androgynous figure. Feminine deities like Saraswati, Lakshmi, and Durga are an integral part of Hindu theology.
- Historical examples of women warriors, rulers, and spiritual figures who played important social and political roles are provided, demonstrating high status for
Tracing the Growth of Shaivaism in Jammu
Within the larger pantheon of Hinduism, Shaivism is one of the major religious sects that worship Shiva as the Supreme Being. It is the one of the old religions of the east and is also known as one of the prominent religious cults of India. The doctrine which centers on the philosophical aspect of Rudra Shiva goes back through ages and it developed and flourished with time. Shaivism is not a single cult but a mixture of different cults. From prehistoric times down to the early centuries of the Christian era the annals of this cult was unluckily not prominent. The history of this cult may be traced to the beginnings of human civilization on earth, like the cult of mother Goddess. Both emerged from the fertility cult. The earliest historical record to the worship of Shiva was given by Megasthenes, a Greek ambassador, at Pataliputra about 300B.C. Dionysus and Herakles, two deities generally identified with Siva and Krishna respectively were described by him. In the Mahabhashya, Patanjali gave the reference to the Shiva bhagavatas and also describes the images of Shiva and Skanda being sold by Mauryas to raise money in the time of crisis during second century B.C. This shows the popularity of this cult. In this paper we would try to understand the evolution of Shaiva religion in the ambits of Jammu region. Kuljeet Singh "Tracing the Growth of Shaivaism in Jammu" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47536.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/47536/tracing-the-growth-of-shaivaism-in-jammu/kuljeet-singh
"Khajuraho Temple Complex: A Testament to Divine Splendor and Artistic Mastery"
Khajuraho, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, is renowned for its exquisite temples adorned with intricate sculptures and architectural brilliance. Dating back to the Chandela dynasty of the 10th and 11th centuries, the Khajuraho temples represent a remarkable fusion of religion, art, and cultural expression. This comprehensive description will delve into the historical context, architectural features, religious significance, and artistic motifs that define the splendor of Khajuraho.
Book hindu cambodia
This document provides information about depictions of the Hindu elephant god Ganesha found in Cambodia. It discusses several Ganesha images and sculptures discovered in Cambodia dating back to the 7th-13th centuries CE, showing his popularity in the region during that time period. The document also notes that Ganesha is referred to as 'Prah Kenes' in Cambodia and describes some unique features of Cambodian Ganesha sculptures compared to those from India, such as sometimes being depicted without a pot belly or holding attributes associated with the god Vishnu. Additionally, it mentions evidence that Ganesha was worshipped in Cambodia based on inscriptions recording gifts to the deity.
Similaire à Mother goddess in Harappan Culture (20)
God shiva iconography in kushana kingdom of gandhara
God shiva iconography in kushana kingdom of gandhara
"Khajuraho Temple Complex: A Testament to Divine Splendor and Artistic Mastery"
"Khajuraho Temple Complex: A Testament to Divine Splendor and Artistic Mastery"
Plus de Dr. Ashwani Asthana
Excavations, recordings, preservation and interpretation of archaeological si...
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology that classifies and correlates stratified rocks based on their order and fossil content. It was first developed by William Smith in 1816 to study geological layers, and was later applied to archaeological investigations. Stratigraphic methods involve both vertical excavation of trenches and horizontal excavation of sites in a grid system to uncover artifacts, remains of structures like post holes and walls, and clues about habitation like hut impressions.
SALVAGE ARCHAEOLOGY.pptx
The document discusses salvage archaeology, which involves rescuing archaeological artifacts and sites threatened by natural disasters or development projects before they are lost. It provides examples of large-scale international salvage efforts in Nubia due to the Aswan Dam and in India due to dams being constructed. Careful documentation, exploration, excavation, and dismantling of structures is undertaken to preserve cultural heritage. Reconstructions are made at safer locations to help preserve history for future generations.
Management of Archaeological sites.pptx
The document discusses laws and regulations in India concerning archaeological sites, monuments, and antiquities. It notes that according to the Indian Constitution, archaeology is a concurrent subject, with the central government overseeing nationally important sites and monuments and state governments handling sites of local importance. It provides a chronological overview of the development of conservation laws in India from the British period to modern times, including the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act of 1904 and the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act of 1958.
Display, presentation, interpretation and communication of objects in on site...
This document discusses the display, presentation, interpretation and communication of objects in on-site and off-site museums. It explains that museums utilize their surroundings through exhibition to educate people. Artifacts can be displayed in cases, on platforms, walls or in dioramas depending on the type. Displays must tell a story and guide visitors through exhibits in a clear flow. Interpretation bridges visitors' understanding by connecting them to museum content and ideas through storytelling. Effective communication in museums involves creating a comfortable atmosphere, active listening, being concise, and allowing two-way discussion.
Theory and Principals of Archaeology Links with social Anthropology. Etc.,.ppt
This document outlines several key concepts in archaeology. It defines archaeology's focus on material culture and discusses important terms like artefact, industry, assemblage, and culture. It then describes the development of archaeology into a more scientific discipline from the 1960s onward, including the emergence of new archaeology/processual archaeology and its emphasis on developing testable models and hypotheses. Paradigms in archaeology like morphological, ecological, anthropological, and geographical are also outlined.
Integration of culture with environment
This document discusses the integration of culture and environment. It defines integration as joining or mixing with different groups while maintaining one's own culture. Culture is the sum of learned behaviors shared by a society. Environment refers to surrounding circumstances and conditions. Cultural integration occurs when people adopt aspects of another culture while maintaining their own, such as immigrants keeping familiar cultural practices at home. Integration also involves introducing elements of one's culture to a new environment, like food, music or religion. The document then outlines various approaches to studying culture, including anthropological, ethnographic, archaeological, and examining aspects like language, aesthetics, education, religion, attitudes and social organization. It concludes by mentioning cultural diffusion and providing examples.
Antiquity theft (Documentation, Registration and Retrival)
India has a rich cultural heritage of antiquities and artifacts, but many lack proper documentation and security. This allows for theft and illicit trafficking abroad [1]. The Archaeological Survey of India documents and registers antiquities to prove ownership and origins if recovered overseas [2]. Case studies show how documentation like photographs, registration records, and publications helped identify and retrieve stolen artifacts from foreign museums and dealers [3]. Increased documentation efforts and cooperation between agencies are needed to better protect India's cultural property.
Heritage of rigvedic saraswati ananalysis
This document analyzes the relationship between the Rigvedic Saraswati civilization and the Indus Valley/Harappan civilization. It finds that the Harappan civilization was centered along the Saraswati river system, which is mentioned prominently in the Rigveda. Archaeological evidence shows more Harappan sites along the Saraswati and its tributaries than the Indus river. The objectives are to examine the geography, material culture, and causes for the decline of both civilizations. It concludes that the Vedic and Harappan cultures were based along the same Saraswati river system and represent continuity in India's early cultural heritage.
Loaning of Queen Ketevan relics to Georgia from India
Queen Ketevan was the wife of the heir to the throne of Kakheti in Georgia. After her husband and father-in-law were killed, she was taken hostage along with her children by Shah Abbas I of Persia. The Shah demanded she convert to Islam, which she refused. As a result, she was brutally tortured and murdered in 1624 after 10 years of imprisonment. Her remains were taken to Goa, India by Portuguese missionaries. In 2005, excavations in Goa unearthed bone remains belonging to a Georgian woman that were identified through DNA analysis as likely being Queen Ketevan. In 2017, a memorandum of understanding was signed allowing the relics to be loaned to Georgia
Origin to Decadence of Saraswati River- A Glacio - Archaeological Study
This document discusses the origin and decline of the Saraswati River based on a glacio-archaeological study. It analyzes literature, geology, archaeology, hydrology, and glaciology research to understand the river. Some key points made are:
- The Saraswati River originated in the Himalayas and flowed through parts of modern-day India before joining the Arabian Sea. Ancient cultures flourished along its banks.
- Scholars debate its exact source, with some arguing it originated from the Satopanth glacier or Siwalik hills. However, the document argues the Siwalik hills could not sustain a perennial river and its source was likely further in the
An archaeological investigation on the cult of mother goddess in Glogal context
This document discusses the archaeological and literary evidence for the Cult of the Mother Goddess from prehistoric times. It summarizes key Venus figurines from the Lower Paleolithic to Upper Paleolithic periods, including the oldest known figurative carving from Berekhat Ram dating to 233,000-800,000 BCE. Many figurines emphasized fertility and motherhood through exaggerated body features. They were often placed in household shrines and used in rituals to ensure food and children. The widespread geographic distribution of similar figurines from this era suggests the spiritual importance of motherhood in prehistoric cultures.
Literary and archaeological heritage of Rigvedic Saraswati
This document discusses the literary and archaeological heritage of the Rigvedic Saraswati River between 5000 BCE and 1500 BCE. It finds that the Indus civilization sites are more concentrated along the Saraswati river system than the Indus river. It analyzes Vedic and contemporary texts to understand settlements along the Saraswati. It catalogs and maps archaeological sites, finding evidence of towns and material culture correlating with Vedic literature. Geological evidence suggests the Saraswati originated in the Himalayas and flowed through India before drying up around 1900 BCE. This caused migration and decline of both the Vedic and Indus civilizations, though their cultural traditions continued in India.
Methods of Disposal of the dead in Vedic /Harappan period
1) Funeral practices during the Harappan period included both burial and cremation, with cemeteries located outside residential areas for public health reasons.
2) A variety of burial styles were used, including coffin burials, pot burials containing ashes or bones, and inhumation of full skeletons. Cremation was also practiced.
3) The largest Harappan site, Dholavira, featured seven distinct burial styles including rectangular graves, cists, cairns, stone circles, and six large hemispherical tumuli resembling early stupas.
Copper Hoard
Anthropomorphic figurines have been found at various archaeological sites in Uttar Pradesh, India, with 35 found at Sanulli and 31 at Mardarpur. They range in height from 22.5 to 45 cm and width from 30 to 43 cm. Some theories suggest they may have been used as missiles or as symbolic representations of metal gods. However, their size, shape, and weight argue against being used as missiles. They provide evidence of copper hoards and have also been found in certain burials, with double-axe figurines occasionally appearing. These anthropomorphic figurines found in India are unique and have not been found elsewhere.
Origin of Brahmi
The document provides information on epigraphy and ancient Indian scripts. It discusses that epigraphy is the study of inscriptions on objects like rocks, metals, bricks and more. It notes that early Indian coins and seals bore legends. Sanskrit and Prakrit were used in early inscriptions. The Indus script remains undeciphered. The document outlines scripts like Brahmi, Kharosthi, and Dravidian scripts. It provides evidence of writing from literary sources and discusses Asoka's edicts written in different scripts across his empire, highlighting examples from Girnar and pillar edicts.
–Harappan Civilization –The Earliest Urbanisation in South Asia
The document provides an overview of the Harappan civilization, beginning with its earliest identification in the 19th century through excavations in the 1920s that led to its naming and characterization. It describes the major Harappan sites such as Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Dholavira and features of urban planning like standardized bricks, streets, and drainage systems. Key aspects of Harappan culture discussed include copper metallurgy, standardized weights, crafts like bead making, and the still undeciphered Harappan script. Trade networks connecting the Indus region to places like Mesopotamia and Oman are also summarized.
– How Inscriptions tell a story : Broad overview Political and Economic histo...
How Inscriptions tell a story : Broad overview Political and Economic history from the Mauryan to the Gupta Period
–Regional Cultures Central India And Deccan-Malwa, Jorwe, Kayatha. 2 Copper ...
Regional Cultures Central India And Deccan-Malwa, Jorwe, Kayatha. 2 Copper Hoard 3 Relationship Between Aryans, Late Harappans, Copper Hoard And OCP.
–Potteries
The document describes and shows images of pottery from the Indus Valley civilization from around the 3rd millennium BC. It includes pottery from sites like Mehrgarh painted with designs like bulls, felines, trees, fish, and geometric patterns. Images also show pottery from places like Khuzdar, Pakistan, Susa in Iran, and Sothi in Rajasthan, India dating to the early Harappan period with designs and styles like red slipped ware, bichrome paintings, and monochrome paintings. The pottery provides examples of the artistic traditions and styles of pottery making during the Indus civilization.
– PAINTED GREY WARE (PGW) Culture
1. Painted Grey Ware (PGW) culture was characterized by a distinctive ceramic industry featuring wheel-thrown grey pottery with black paintings.
2. PGW people lived in villages and had an agricultural and pastoral economy with no signs of urbanization.
3. PGW sites have been found stratigraphically above Late Harappan and Ochre Coloured Pottery cultures, indicating it succeeded these cultures chronologically across Northern India.
Plus de Dr. Ashwani Asthana (20)
Excavations, recordings, preservation and interpretation of archaeological si...
Excavations, recordings, preservation and interpretation of archaeological si...
Display, presentation, interpretation and communication of objects in on site...
Display, presentation, interpretation and communication of objects in on site...
Theory and Principals of Archaeology Links with social Anthropology. Etc.,.ppt
Theory and Principals of Archaeology Links with social Anthropology. Etc.,.ppt
Antiquity theft (Documentation, Registration and Retrival)
Antiquity theft (Documentation, Registration and Retrival)
Loaning of Queen Ketevan relics to Georgia from India
Loaning of Queen Ketevan relics to Georgia from India
Origin to Decadence of Saraswati River- A Glacio - Archaeological Study
Origin to Decadence of Saraswati River- A Glacio - Archaeological Study
An archaeological investigation on the cult of mother goddess in Glogal context
An archaeological investigation on the cult of mother goddess in Glogal context
Literary and archaeological heritage of Rigvedic Saraswati
Literary and archaeological heritage of Rigvedic Saraswati
Methods of Disposal of the dead in Vedic /Harappan period
Methods of Disposal of the dead in Vedic /Harappan period
–Harappan Civilization –The Earliest Urbanisation in South Asia
–Harappan Civilization –The Earliest Urbanisation in South Asia
– How Inscriptions tell a story : Broad overview Political and Economic histo...
– How Inscriptions tell a story : Broad overview Political and Economic histo...
–Regional Cultures Central India And Deccan-Malwa, Jorwe, Kayatha. 2 Copper ...
–Regional Cultures Central India And Deccan-Malwa, Jorwe, Kayatha. 2 Copper ...
Dernier
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Solutons Maths Escape Room Spatial .pptx
Solutions of Puzzles of Mathematics Escape Room Game in Spatial.io
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneRHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Dernier (20)
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
IGCSE Biology Chapter 14- Reproduction in Plants.pdf
IGCSE Biology Chapter 14- Reproduction in Plants.pdf
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
Mother goddess in Harappan Culture
- 1. Mother Goddess Cult in Harappan Culture: Dr. Ashwani Asthana
- 2. The Mother Goddess The people of the Indus Valley cities, also worshiped Mother Goddess. The importance accorded to these roles and also to the feminine, can be drawn from the number of figurines excavated. The important uncovered poses include – a Dancing Girl, and terracotta figurines of what can be identified as Fertility goddess.
- 3. One of the largest female figurines found at Harappa has a (badly broken) fan-shaped pannier headdress with black residue in the cups of the panniers and a forward-projecting face. She is heavily ornamented with an elaborate choker and two other necklaces, each with three strands and many pendants. This elaborate ornamentation of figurines is one reason that female figurines have often been interpreted as deities, most commonly as “Mother Goddesses.” Residues that may indicate burning of oils or other substances in the panniers have also prompted a cultic interpretation and ritual worship
- 4. The recovered seals from the Harappan civilisation provide a possible insight into the ritual and ceremony surrounding daily life in the centres. This particular seal depicts a deity with a horned headdress and bangles (maybe female) on both arms, standing in a pipal tree and looking down on a kneeling worshiper. A giant ram watches. Several script signs are interspersed with the figures along the top of the seal and a single sign is placed at the base of the tree. This scene may represent a special worship ritual to a deity with seven figures in procession.
- 18. Thanks