This document describes the design of a low noise amplifier (LNA) for wireless applications operating at 900 MHz. The LNA was implemented using a 0.13um RF CMOS technology and a cascode topology with inductive source degeneration. Simulation results showed the LNA has a gain of 26 dB, noise figure of 1.04 dB, input return loss of -14 dB, output return loss of -6.55 dB, reverse isolation of -39.76 dB, and power consumption of 115uW from a 2.5V supply. The LNA meets the requirements of low noise figure, high gain and low power consumption for a 900 MHz wireless application.
Application of Comparators in Modern Power System Protection and ControlIOSR Journals
This document discusses the use of comparators in power system protection and control. It describes two comparison techniques - amplitude comparison and phase comparison. Amplitude comparison produces an output proportional to the amplitude difference of input quantities, while phase comparison produces pulses proportional to the phase difference. The document shows how amplitude comparison can be modified to perform phase comparison. It provides equations to model impedance, Mho, and offset Mho relay characteristics using phase comparison. Examples of applications include over/under voltage protection using a voltage comparator circuit. In conclusion, comparators are widely used in power system protection applications.
An Enhanced ILD Diagnosis Method using DWTIOSR Journals
1. The document describes an enhanced method for diagnosing Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT).
2. The method involves acquiring CT lung images, enhancing edges using DWT, segmenting the lung region, segmenting blood vessels, extracting texture features from vessels, and classifying images as normal or ILD using Fuzzy Support Vector Machines (FSVM).
3. Wavelet edge enhancement improves segmentation of vessels. Feature extraction using co-occurrence matrices and discriminant analysis reduces dimensions before FSVM classification. The method achieves accurate ILD diagnosis compared to existing approaches.
This 4:26 minute sermon outlines Jesus' covenant as "Contract for Salvation". The three points of the sermon are: (1) Agreement, (2) Accomplishment and (3) Advancement.
The Celebration Point: Jesus' life and legacy inspired, instructed and illustrated the path to completion of our assignments and missions.
"It is finished" was a "Cry of Completion and Victory" not failure, defeat or abandonment.
Jesus fulfilled His assignment. He did not abandon His purpose and mission.
What is on your "Get It Finished" List for today? This week? This month? This year? This decade.
Be assured that through Christ you do all things completely!
FINISH IT FAITHFULLY, FRUITFULLY AND FULLY!
Bella saved her pink cat Pinkie who had climbed a big tree and gotten stuck. Bella heard Pinkie crying and grabbed a ladder to climb up and rescue Pinkie, bringing her back safely to the ground. The town celebrated Bella as a hero for rescuing her cat.
Privacy and Integrity Preserving in Cloud Storage DevicesIOSR Journals
This document proposes a method for providing privacy, integrity, and storage space management for files stored in the cloud. It aims to address confidentiality issues by encrypting files before uploading. To manage storage space, it arranges files in a complete binary tree based on size. File integrity is checked by a third party auditor comparing hash values of files stored in the cloud with those generated by the client. The method aims to provide confidentiality, integrity checking, and efficient use of storage space for cloud computing.
The document compares two handoff management protocols for 4G wireless networks: Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6). MIPv6 allows nodes to change their point of attachment to the Internet while maintaining ongoing communications. However, it causes high signaling traffic and latency during handoffs. HMIPv6 addresses this by separating local and global mobility management. It reduces signaling costs for intra-domain handoffs by using a mobility anchor point for local registration instead of the home agent. The document analyzes and compares the handoff latency of MIPv6 and HMIPv6, finding that HMIPv6 has lower latency for intra-domain handoffs by avoiding signaling to the home agent or correspondents
An Improved Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation (PDPWM) For a Modular Mu...IOSR Journals
1) The document proposes an improved phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) method for a modular multilevel inverter used for photovoltaic grid connection.
2) The method, called selective virtual loop mapping (SVLM), aims to achieve dynamic capacitor voltage balance without adding an extra compensation signal.
3) It establishes the concept of virtual submodules and balances voltages by changing the loop mapping relationships between virtual and real submodules, making it suitable for modular multilevel converters with a large number of submodules.
Advance Frameworks for Hidden Web Retrieval Using Innovative Vision-Based Pag...IOSR Journals
The document proposes an innovative vision-based page segmentation (IVBPS) algorithm to improve hidden web content extraction. It aims to overcome limitations of existing approaches that rely heavily on HTML structure. IVBPS extracts blocks from the visual representation of a page and clusters them to segment the page semantically. It uses layout features like position and appearance to locate data regions and extract records. The algorithm analyzes the entire page structure rather than local regions, allowing it to retain content DOM tree methods may discard. This is expected to significantly improve hidden web extraction performance.
This document proposes a new technique called Fast Algorithm of Fractal Encoding based on Entropy Values (FAFEEVs) to reduce the encoding time of fractal image compression. FAFEEVs works by reducing the size of the domain pool used for matching range blocks during encoding. It does this by only comparing each range block to domain blocks whose entropy values are close to the range block's entropy, within some threshold ε. Experimental results on test images show that FAFEEVs achieves comparable reconstructed image quality to traditional fractal encoding, but with faster encoding times due to searching a smaller domain pool. The encoding time decreases as the number of partitioning blocks decreases.
Topic-specific Web Crawler using Probability MethodIOSR Journals
This document presents an algorithm for a topic-specific web crawler that uses probability methods to more efficiently retrieve relevant web pages on a given topic. The algorithm calculates relevancy scores for outlinks based on link weight, text similarity using Levenshtein distance, and a probability method. Pages are crawled based on their relevancy scores. An evaluation shows the algorithm retrieves more relevant pages earlier in the crawl compared to other methods.
The document describes the design of a decimation filter for a sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter. It discusses the specifications and architecture of sigma-delta ADCs including the need for a decimation filter after the modulator stage. The decimation filter is designed using an IIR-FIR structure with cascaded integrator comb filters. Key blocks of the decimation filter include a coder circuit, clock divider, delay elements, and a circuit for programmability to allow the filter to operate at two different oversampling ratios of 16 and 64. The designed filter eliminates out-of-band noise efficiently and can be easily implemented in integrated circuits with low power consumption.
Software effort estimation through clustering techniques of RBFN networkIOSR Journals
This document discusses using a radial basis function neural network (RBFN) to estimate software development effort based on the COCOMO II model. The RBFN uses COCOMO II data for training and has three layers - an input layer with COCOMO II parameters like size and scale factors, a hidden middle layer with Gaussian activation functions, and an output layer that calculates effort. Two clustering algorithms, K-means and APC-III, are used to determine the receptive fields of the hidden layer neurons. The K-means algorithm partitions the COCOMO II data into clusters and finds cluster centers to minimize distance between clusters. The RBFN is trained and tested on the COCOMO II data to evaluate its ability to accurately estimate software
This document summarizes the preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2). Yellow nitrogen-doped TiO2 was prepared through a sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide and urea as precursors. Characterization with XRD, BET, TEM, XPS, and UV-Vis showed the materials were crystalline anatase TiO2 with nitrogen doping extending light absorption into the visible range. Photocatalytic testing demonstrated that nitrogen-doped TiO2 had higher activity for degrading the pesticide 2,4-D under visible light irradiation compared to undoped TiO2.
1) The document proposes using multipath TCP (MPTCP) as a more effective way to manage data center networks compared to single path TCP. MPTCP can utilize available bandwidth across multiple paths simultaneously, improving throughput and fairness.
2) Large-scale flow-level simulations show that MPTCP achieves close to full utilization of FatTree, VL2, and BCube network topologies, outperforming randomized load balancing with single path TCP, which struggles to fully utilize the networks. The minimum number of MPTCP subflows needed does not significantly increase with larger network sizes.
3) Packet-level simulations and experiments on a small testbed validate that MPTCP effectively utilizes multiple paths in practice and improves performance over single
Context Based Web Indexing For Semantic WebIOSR Journals
This summarizes a document that proposes a new context-based indexing technique using a B+ tree for web search engines. It extracts keywords from web documents and indexes them along with their contexts and ontologies in a B+ tree. This improves search speed by allowing relevant documents to be found faster from the semantic web through an optimized indexing structure as compared to linear searches or other trees. The proposed technique increases precision and recall for user queries by incorporating contextual information into the indexing process.
The Impacts Of Information And Communication Technology (ICT) On The Teaching...IOSR Journals
This document discusses the impacts of information and communication technology (ICT) on teaching and learning science and mathematics. It defines ICT and explains how ICT has transformed education by creating a more interactive learning environment. ICT allows for more effective demonstration of concepts and feedback on student progress. The use of ICT in classrooms enhances teaching and makes lessons more exciting for students. ICT also helps students become independent learners by developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills. For science and mathematics specifically, ICT is increasingly used in laboratories for data acquisition, handling, and analysis.
Este poema deseja boa sorte e felicidade ao destinatário, que os ventos o guiem com sabedoria e que ele encontre alegria nas pequenas coisas, mantendo a paz interior mesmo nos momentos difíceis.
This document describes the design of a low noise amplifier (LNA) for wireless applications operating at 900 MHz. The LNA was implemented using a 0.13um RF CMOS technology and a cascode topology with inductive source degeneration. Simulation results showed the LNA has a gain of 26 dB, noise figure of 1.04 dB, input return loss of -14 dB, output return loss of -6.55 dB, reverse isolation of -39.76 dB, and power consumption of 115uW from a 2.5V supply. The LNA meets the requirements of low noise figure, high gain and low power consumption for a 900 MHz wireless application.
Application of Comparators in Modern Power System Protection and ControlIOSR Journals
This document discusses the use of comparators in power system protection and control. It describes two comparison techniques - amplitude comparison and phase comparison. Amplitude comparison produces an output proportional to the amplitude difference of input quantities, while phase comparison produces pulses proportional to the phase difference. The document shows how amplitude comparison can be modified to perform phase comparison. It provides equations to model impedance, Mho, and offset Mho relay characteristics using phase comparison. Examples of applications include over/under voltage protection using a voltage comparator circuit. In conclusion, comparators are widely used in power system protection applications.
An Enhanced ILD Diagnosis Method using DWTIOSR Journals
1. The document describes an enhanced method for diagnosing Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT).
2. The method involves acquiring CT lung images, enhancing edges using DWT, segmenting the lung region, segmenting blood vessels, extracting texture features from vessels, and classifying images as normal or ILD using Fuzzy Support Vector Machines (FSVM).
3. Wavelet edge enhancement improves segmentation of vessels. Feature extraction using co-occurrence matrices and discriminant analysis reduces dimensions before FSVM classification. The method achieves accurate ILD diagnosis compared to existing approaches.
This 4:26 minute sermon outlines Jesus' covenant as "Contract for Salvation". The three points of the sermon are: (1) Agreement, (2) Accomplishment and (3) Advancement.
The Celebration Point: Jesus' life and legacy inspired, instructed and illustrated the path to completion of our assignments and missions.
"It is finished" was a "Cry of Completion and Victory" not failure, defeat or abandonment.
Jesus fulfilled His assignment. He did not abandon His purpose and mission.
What is on your "Get It Finished" List for today? This week? This month? This year? This decade.
Be assured that through Christ you do all things completely!
FINISH IT FAITHFULLY, FRUITFULLY AND FULLY!
Bella saved her pink cat Pinkie who had climbed a big tree and gotten stuck. Bella heard Pinkie crying and grabbed a ladder to climb up and rescue Pinkie, bringing her back safely to the ground. The town celebrated Bella as a hero for rescuing her cat.
Privacy and Integrity Preserving in Cloud Storage DevicesIOSR Journals
This document proposes a method for providing privacy, integrity, and storage space management for files stored in the cloud. It aims to address confidentiality issues by encrypting files before uploading. To manage storage space, it arranges files in a complete binary tree based on size. File integrity is checked by a third party auditor comparing hash values of files stored in the cloud with those generated by the client. The method aims to provide confidentiality, integrity checking, and efficient use of storage space for cloud computing.
The document compares two handoff management protocols for 4G wireless networks: Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6). MIPv6 allows nodes to change their point of attachment to the Internet while maintaining ongoing communications. However, it causes high signaling traffic and latency during handoffs. HMIPv6 addresses this by separating local and global mobility management. It reduces signaling costs for intra-domain handoffs by using a mobility anchor point for local registration instead of the home agent. The document analyzes and compares the handoff latency of MIPv6 and HMIPv6, finding that HMIPv6 has lower latency for intra-domain handoffs by avoiding signaling to the home agent or correspondents
An Improved Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation (PDPWM) For a Modular Mu...IOSR Journals
1) The document proposes an improved phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) method for a modular multilevel inverter used for photovoltaic grid connection.
2) The method, called selective virtual loop mapping (SVLM), aims to achieve dynamic capacitor voltage balance without adding an extra compensation signal.
3) It establishes the concept of virtual submodules and balances voltages by changing the loop mapping relationships between virtual and real submodules, making it suitable for modular multilevel converters with a large number of submodules.
Advance Frameworks for Hidden Web Retrieval Using Innovative Vision-Based Pag...IOSR Journals
The document proposes an innovative vision-based page segmentation (IVBPS) algorithm to improve hidden web content extraction. It aims to overcome limitations of existing approaches that rely heavily on HTML structure. IVBPS extracts blocks from the visual representation of a page and clusters them to segment the page semantically. It uses layout features like position and appearance to locate data regions and extract records. The algorithm analyzes the entire page structure rather than local regions, allowing it to retain content DOM tree methods may discard. This is expected to significantly improve hidden web extraction performance.
This document proposes a new technique called Fast Algorithm of Fractal Encoding based on Entropy Values (FAFEEVs) to reduce the encoding time of fractal image compression. FAFEEVs works by reducing the size of the domain pool used for matching range blocks during encoding. It does this by only comparing each range block to domain blocks whose entropy values are close to the range block's entropy, within some threshold ε. Experimental results on test images show that FAFEEVs achieves comparable reconstructed image quality to traditional fractal encoding, but with faster encoding times due to searching a smaller domain pool. The encoding time decreases as the number of partitioning blocks decreases.
Topic-specific Web Crawler using Probability MethodIOSR Journals
This document presents an algorithm for a topic-specific web crawler that uses probability methods to more efficiently retrieve relevant web pages on a given topic. The algorithm calculates relevancy scores for outlinks based on link weight, text similarity using Levenshtein distance, and a probability method. Pages are crawled based on their relevancy scores. An evaluation shows the algorithm retrieves more relevant pages earlier in the crawl compared to other methods.
The document describes the design of a decimation filter for a sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter. It discusses the specifications and architecture of sigma-delta ADCs including the need for a decimation filter after the modulator stage. The decimation filter is designed using an IIR-FIR structure with cascaded integrator comb filters. Key blocks of the decimation filter include a coder circuit, clock divider, delay elements, and a circuit for programmability to allow the filter to operate at two different oversampling ratios of 16 and 64. The designed filter eliminates out-of-band noise efficiently and can be easily implemented in integrated circuits with low power consumption.
Software effort estimation through clustering techniques of RBFN networkIOSR Journals
This document discusses using a radial basis function neural network (RBFN) to estimate software development effort based on the COCOMO II model. The RBFN uses COCOMO II data for training and has three layers - an input layer with COCOMO II parameters like size and scale factors, a hidden middle layer with Gaussian activation functions, and an output layer that calculates effort. Two clustering algorithms, K-means and APC-III, are used to determine the receptive fields of the hidden layer neurons. The K-means algorithm partitions the COCOMO II data into clusters and finds cluster centers to minimize distance between clusters. The RBFN is trained and tested on the COCOMO II data to evaluate its ability to accurately estimate software
This document summarizes the preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2). Yellow nitrogen-doped TiO2 was prepared through a sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide and urea as precursors. Characterization with XRD, BET, TEM, XPS, and UV-Vis showed the materials were crystalline anatase TiO2 with nitrogen doping extending light absorption into the visible range. Photocatalytic testing demonstrated that nitrogen-doped TiO2 had higher activity for degrading the pesticide 2,4-D under visible light irradiation compared to undoped TiO2.
1) The document proposes using multipath TCP (MPTCP) as a more effective way to manage data center networks compared to single path TCP. MPTCP can utilize available bandwidth across multiple paths simultaneously, improving throughput and fairness.
2) Large-scale flow-level simulations show that MPTCP achieves close to full utilization of FatTree, VL2, and BCube network topologies, outperforming randomized load balancing with single path TCP, which struggles to fully utilize the networks. The minimum number of MPTCP subflows needed does not significantly increase with larger network sizes.
3) Packet-level simulations and experiments on a small testbed validate that MPTCP effectively utilizes multiple paths in practice and improves performance over single
Context Based Web Indexing For Semantic WebIOSR Journals
This summarizes a document that proposes a new context-based indexing technique using a B+ tree for web search engines. It extracts keywords from web documents and indexes them along with their contexts and ontologies in a B+ tree. This improves search speed by allowing relevant documents to be found faster from the semantic web through an optimized indexing structure as compared to linear searches or other trees. The proposed technique increases precision and recall for user queries by incorporating contextual information into the indexing process.
The Impacts Of Information And Communication Technology (ICT) On The Teaching...IOSR Journals
This document discusses the impacts of information and communication technology (ICT) on teaching and learning science and mathematics. It defines ICT and explains how ICT has transformed education by creating a more interactive learning environment. ICT allows for more effective demonstration of concepts and feedback on student progress. The use of ICT in classrooms enhances teaching and makes lessons more exciting for students. ICT also helps students become independent learners by developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills. For science and mathematics specifically, ICT is increasingly used in laboratories for data acquisition, handling, and analysis.
Este poema deseja boa sorte e felicidade ao destinatário, que os ventos o guiem com sabedoria e que ele encontre alegria nas pequenas coisas, mantendo a paz interior mesmo nos momentos difíceis.
Este documento describe 7 ciudades ubicadas en posiciones precarias debido a acantilados, montañas o estrechos de mar. Las ciudades son Bonifacio en Córcega, Ronda en España, Oia en Grecia, Al Hajara en Yemen, Azenhas do Mar en Portugal, Castellfollit de la Roca en España y Manarola en Italia.
Os novos Camelos do Deserto estão de férias. Eles agora descansam no deserto depois de um longo trabalho transportando mercadorias através das areias quentes.
Este documento contém vários provérbios e citações sobre felicidade, relacionamentos, dinheiro e outras temas da vida. Muitos destes provérbios fornecem conselhos irônicos ou humorísticos sobre como lidar com problemas e desafios da vida.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow and levels of neurotransmitters and endorphins which elevate and stabilize mood.
O documento contém várias citações sobre temas como espiritualidade, amor, caridade e Deus. As citações destacam a importância de purificar o coração, praticar a caridade e o amor, e buscar Deus interiormente.
O documento discute como amigos virtuais na internet não têm idade e como as pessoas se conectam com base no conteúdo do caráter ao invés de atributos físicos. A rede social online promove mais calor humano, igualdade e amor do que outras sociedades devido à capacidade de se conectar com as pessoas simplesmente pelo que elas são e pela alegria que trazem.
The document is a song titled "Paris Au Mois D'août" by Charles Aznavour. It describes Paris during the month of August and encourages the listener to keep enjoying the music or press 'Esc' to exit once finished.
O documento resume as principais informações sobre colesterol, incluindo: (1) o que é colesterol e sua importância para a vida, (2) os tipos de colesterol "bom" e "ruim", (3) como o colesterol elevado pode causar aterosclerose e doenças cardiovasculares, e (4) formas de prevenir o colesterol alto, como dieta, exercícios e medicamentos.
Os amigos virtuais do autor o fazem rir e se sentir menos só através de mensagens. Embora alguns possam achar estranho, o autor gosta deste convívio online com amigos que o fazem sorrir, refletir e orar quando doentes.
O documento compara os preços da gasolina e de veículos novos na Argentina com os preços no Brasil, mostrando que os preços na Argentina são significativamente mais baixos. O documento argumenta que os brasileiros estão sendo "roubados" pelos altos preços impostos pelo governo brasileiro.
O documento contém vários resumos em 3 frases ou menos sobre locais em Portugal, extraídos de respostas erradas em exames nacionais por alunos portugueses. Os resumos abordam pontos como a construção do Convento dos Capuchos, a definição do metro e o funcionamento do olho humano.
COMO SURGE O DIABETES NO ORGANISMO DA GENTE ...vaniasampa2012
O documento explica que o corpo obtém energia da glicose e do oxigênio transportados pelo sangue para as células, e que a insulina é responsável por levar a glicose para dentro das células. O diabetes ocorre quando o corpo produz pouca ou nenhuma insulina, impedindo que a glicose entre nas células. Fazer escolhas alimentares e de estilo de vida inadequadas pode levar ao diabetes ao cansar o pâncreas.
O texto descreve a rotina noturna de uma mãe antes de ir para a cama, preparando refeições, lavando roupas, organizando a casa e verificando os filhos, enquanto o pai apenas desliga a televisão e vai dormir. O texto reflete sobre como as mulheres são mais fortes e resilientes por terem que lidar com mais tarefas domésticas.
Este documento menciona lugares de interés en Italia como el Valle de Funes y las Dolomitas en el norte, el Lago Como, Belluno, la Iglesia de la Selva Di Cadore y Monte Santa Lucía. También incluye San Gimignano en Toscana, la Catedral, el Bautisterio y la Torre Inclinada de Pisa, la Plaza de San Pedro en la Ciudad del Vaticano, el Castillo de San Angelo y lugares en Roma como el Foro Romano, el Coliseo, la Iglesia Trinidad del Monte, el Monument
O documento discute a espiritualidade e a crença de que somos seres espirituais com múltiplas vidas e dimensões. Defende que através da meditação e do autoconhecimento podemos nos conectar com nossa essência espiritual e alcançar graus mais altos de amor, perdão e realização. A espiritualidade trás equilíbrio ao nos levar a nos reconciliarmos conosco mesmos e aos outros.
El documento habla sobre la posibilidad de accidentes en trabajos peligrosos que se realizan para beneficiar al país, y bendice a los trabajadores que arriesgan sus vidas sin importar los riesgos con el único fin de hacer algo por su nación.
Este documento explica a origem e o significado do símbolo "@". Durante a Idade Média, os copistas criaram abreviaturas e símbolos para simplificar a cópia manual de livros. O símbolo "@" surgiu como uma abreviatura da preposição latina "ad", significando "casa de". Mais tarde, os espanhóis interpretaram o símbolo como referindo-se à unidade de peso "arroba". Atualmente, o símbolo "@" é amplamente usado no endereço de e-mail para separar o nome
1. Exceptionnel, un paon en plein vol
Ce n'est pas tous les jours
qu'on voit un paonvoler
Une premiè re pour moi... peut-être aussi pour
vous.
Avez-vous déjà vu un
paon en plein vol?
Nous n'avions jamais imaginé
que cela pourrait-être
si magnifique comme un phénix
dans un conte de fée!