PILL CAMERA IN THE MADICINE

1. PILL CAMERA IN MEDICINE
PRESENTED BY:
INDUJA S (1IC20CS011)
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
“JnanaSangama”, Belagavi-590014, Karnataka, India
IMPACT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Sahakarnagar, Bengaluru-560092
TECHNICAL SEMINAR

2. CONTENTS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. LITERATURE SURVEY
4. IMPLEMENTATION
5. APPLICATIONS
6. EVALUATION
7. CONCLUSION

3. ABSTRACT
Scientific advances in areas such as nanotechnology and gene therapy
Promise to revolutionize the way we discover and develop drugs, as
well as how we diagnose and treat disease. In fact with a scholarly
discussion on the creation of things in general. New organs such as
kidney, and eyes as well as chlorophyll are the promises of the
technology.

4. INTRODUCTION
The Pill Camera of the Brand Name for the Capsule endoscopy which a new
diagnostic tool that permits a direct visual examination of the small intestine.
It is that area of the body which is not previously accessible using upper
endoscopy or colonoscopy. The pill technically known as M2A capsule
endoscopy.
PILL CAMERA

5. Internal Arrangement of the Capsule Camera
The latest Pill Camera is sized at 26 x 11 mm and is capable of
transmitting 50,000 color images during its traversal through the
digestive system of patient. The tiny cameras are swallowed by patients
who want less invasive examinations of their digestive track.

6. N
o.
Title Author Year Contributions & Drawbacks
1 Patency Capsule
Aspiration.
Takeda K, TashimoH,
Miyakawa K
Intern Med
2020
 Safety Precaution ,Non-invasive & Minimal
Discomfort.
 Limited Availability Cost
also Negative Results.
2 Successful Endoscopic
Management of a Video
Capsule Retained in the
Pharynx
Egger KM, Tse CS,
Rupawala A.
Am J
Gastroenterol
2021
 Minimally Invasive,Precise Localization And
Immediate Intervention.
 Skill and Expertise and the Risk of
Complications.
3 Necessity of Swallow
Evaluations in the
Elderly Prior to Capsule
Endoscopy
Gaisinskaya P, Yoshinaga
K, Hernandez OL
Cureus 2022  Risk Reduction,Patient Safety ,Optimized
Procedure Planning
 Resource Intensive, False Negative Results and
also Delays in Procedure Scheduling
4 S2669 Video Capsule
Bronchoscopy: A Rare
Complication of Video
Capsule Endoscopy
Gomez P, Arce V, Zucker K,
et al
Am J
Gastroenterol
2022
 Visualization,Outpatient Procedure and
Minimally Invasive
 Risk of Aspiration, Patient Discomfort and
Anxiety and Delayed Diagnosis
LITERATURE SURVEY

7. IMPLEMENTATION
Implementing a pill camera in medicine requires a multidisciplinary approach
involving research, clinical testing, regulatory approval, manufacturing, training, and
ongoing monitoring and improvement. Natural Language Processing (NLP) involves
several steps, from data collection and preprocessing to model training and
deployment.

8. STEPS IN IMPLEMENTING PILL CAMERA IN MEDICINES
 Research and Development
 Clinical Trials
 Regulatory Approval
 Manufacturing
 Training Healthcare Professionals
 Integration into Clinical Practice
 Continued Monitoring and Improvement

9. APPLICATIONS
1. Diagnostic Imaging of the Small Intestine:
Traditional endoscopic procedures like colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
can't reach the small intestine effectively. Pill cameras enable non invasive imaging of the
entire small intestine, allowing for the detection of abnormalities such as bleeding, ulcers,
tumors, and inflammatory bowel disease.

10. 2. Diagnosis of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding:
When patients experience gastrointestinal bleeding but the source
remains unidentified after conventional diagnostic procedures, pill
cameras can help locate the bleeding site within the small intestine.

11. 3. Bowel Disease (IBD):
Pill cameras can visualize the extent and severity of inflammation in the
small intestine of patients with Crohn's disease or other types of IBD,
aiding in diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring disease
progression.

12. 4. Evaluation of Celiac Disease:
Pill cameras can assess the extent of damage to the small intestine
caused by celiac disease, aiding in the diagnosis and management of
this condition.

13. 5. Evaluation of Small Bowel Tumours:
Capsule endoscopy can detect tumours, both benign and malignant, in the
small intestine, providing valuable information for diagnosis and treatment
planning.

14. 6. Pediatric Gastroenterology:
Capsule endoscopy is particularly useful in pediatric patients who may
have difficulty tolerating traditional endoscopic procedures. It allows for
the evaluation of conditions such as unexplained abdominal pain,
gastrointestinal bleeding, and suspected Crohn's disease in children.

15. 7. Monitoring of Treatment Efficency:
Pill cameras can be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatments for
various gastrointestinal conditions by assessing changes in the mucosal lining
of the small intestine over time.

16. 8. Evaluation of NSAID-Induced Injury:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause damage to the
small intestine. Pill cameras can visualize NSAID-induced injury, helping
healthcare providers make decisions regarding medication management.

17. 9. Research and Education:
Pill cameras are also valuable tools for research purposes, allowing
researchers to study various gastrointestinal conditions and therapies in a
non-invasive manner. They are also used for educational purposes to train
healthcare professionals in gastrointestinal endoscopy.

18. EVALUATION
The evaluation of pill cameras in medicine is multifaceted and involves
considering various factors related to diagnostic performance, safety,
patient experience, clinical impact, and cost-effectiveness. Through
rigorous evaluation, healthcare providers can determine the role of
capsule endoscopy in their practice and its potential benefits for patient
care.

19. OVERVIEW OF HOW PILL CAMERA IN
MEDICINE ARE EVALUATED
 Preclinical Development
 Clinical Trials - Phase I
 Clinical Trials - Phase II
 Clinical Trials - Phase III
 Regulatory Approval
 Post-Market Surveillance
 Health Technology Assessment (HTA)
 Continuing Education and Training

20. CONCLUSION
The given endoscopy capsule is a pioneering concept for medical technology of the 21st
centuryIt has revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging to a great extent and has
proved to be of great help to physicians all over the world. They even foresee that in the
decades to come, with the help of nanotechnology one can make hearts, lungs, livers and
kidneys, just by providing coal, water and some impurities and even prevent the aging
effect. Nanotechnology has the power to revolutionize the world of production, but it is
sure to increase unemployment.

21. THANK YOU!