The effect of different physical form feeds (pellet and mash) and stocking density on the growth performance characteristics of carcass and immunity of Ross-308 broiler chicks were studied. A total of 1800 one day-old ross-308 mixed-sex broilers were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates of 75 birds each. They were arranged in a 2×3 factorial design: two feed forms (mash and pellet) and three stocking density (10, 14 and 18 bird/m2). Live body Weight (LW), Weight Gain (WG), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured periodically (0-10, 11-24 and 25-42 days). Carcass components and litter quality were recorded at the end of the trial (day 45). Also antibody titer against SRBC, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were measured in 45 day of age. The highest body weight in grower period was observed in the pellet diet form (p<0.05). Also the highest Body Weight (BW) and Body Weight Gain (BWG) in the starter period was observed in the lowest stocking density treatment (10 bird/m2) (p<0.05). Physical form of diet had no significant effect on feed intake, BW and FCR throughout the periods. However the broiler feed intake was significantly influenced by stocking density and a decrease in the high stocking density group (18 bird/m2). Different types of feed and stocking density had no significant effect on carcass characteristics, antibody titer and H:L ratio. Use of pellet form diet and high stocking density treatment (18 bird/m2) significantly increased broiler litter moisture (P<0.05).
Assessment of the broilers performance, gut healthiness and carcass character...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract—The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the performance responses, guts healthiness, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed on formulated diets included dried coriander, turmeric and thyme. Unsexed commercially available chicks were enrolled into five experimental treatments each of eighty birds with four replicates per treatment. The birds were housed in deep litter clean pens. The experimental groups were as follow: Control; coriander; thyme; turmeric, and mixed. Two formulated diets (starter & finisher) to which all the dietary additives were added in a dried powdered form and at the level of 0.75% expect for the mixed group as each additive was used at level 0.25%. Performance parameters including weekly body development, body weights gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were recorded during the 35-d experimental period. Also, representative samples from each replicate were gathered for the detection of carcass traits, consumer acceptability, and the gut morphometric changes. The data revealed that coriander, and turmeric significantly (p<0.05) increased the villus heights and crypt depths as compared to control which is concomitant with the improvement of performance results when incorporated solely in broilers diet at 0.75% level , but consumer acceptability was lowered specifically for the turmeric –fed group.
This study evaluated the effects of different formulated feed rations on albino rats. Sixteen rats were divided into four groups and fed different feed formulations for 21 days. Group II, which was fed a diet of 600g corn, 200g millet, 160g crayfish and 40g groundnut, showed the most positive effects on growth performance and health biomarkers compared to the control group. While Group I and III showed some increased biomarkers suggesting potential liver damage, Group II most closely mimicked the effects of the control commercial feed. The study concludes that Group II's formulated feed is a suitable substitute for rat feed.
Koch’s postulate in reproduction of broiler coccidiosis by co-infection with ...Danielle Ayyash
The purpose of this research is to establish a model of Koch’s postulate for reproducing coccidiosis in broilers by co-infection with eight most common Eimeria spp. involved in this economic disease, in an attempt to use this model in future evaluation of new controlling biologics.
This study examined the residues of the pesticide endosulfan in the milk of goats following ingestion of endosulfan through their diet. 12 goats were divided into 3 groups - a control group and two treatment groups that received either 15 mg or 30 mg of endosulfan per goat, daily, for 25 days. Milk samples were collected and analyzed for endosulfan residues. Residues gradually increased during treatment and peaked on the last day, then declined after treatment ended. The half-life of decline was approximately 8.67-8.88 days. There were no significant effects on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition or blood parameters in the treated goats.
A comparative study on growth, carcass traits and tissue distribution of awas...Alexander Decker
This study compared growth performance, carcass traits, and tissue distribution of Awassi and Hamdani lambs slaughtered at 30kg and 40kg. Results showed that Hamdani lambs had significantly higher growth rates and dressing percentages than Awassi lambs. Awassi lambs had thicker fat and higher proportions of lean and fat in their carcasses with lower bone content. As slaughter weight increased from 30kg to 40kg, average daily gain decreased while rib eye area, fat thickness, and lean and fat content increased with lower bone proportion. Carcass, non-carcass, and fat tail contributed 51.72%, 2.63%, and 45.63% respectively, to total body fat.
Opportunities from multi-dimensional crop improvement and the supporting role...ILRI
This document discusses opportunities for improving crop residues as animal feed sources through multi-dimensional crop improvement supported by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) networks. It notes that crop residues make up the majority of livestock feed in places like India. Small differences in crop residue quality can significantly impact livestock productivity. Existing cultivar variations and targeted genetic enhancement through conventional breeding or molecular tools can exploit differences and improve crop residue quality. NIRS hubs could help support high-throughput phenotyping needed for this multi-dimensional crop improvement.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of different levels of protexin probiotic supplementation in the diets of male geese on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters. 98 male geese were fed diets with 0, 50, 75, or 100 g/ton of protexin probiotic and evaluated at days 15, 30, and 45. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved weight gain and feed efficiency but did not affect feed intake. Carcass and breast weights were also higher with probiotic. Blood parameters like cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, and total protein were unaffected. In conclusion, protexin probiotic improved growth performance and carcass yield in male geese.
Assessment of the broilers performance, gut healthiness and carcass character...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract—The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the performance responses, guts healthiness, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed on formulated diets included dried coriander, turmeric and thyme. Unsexed commercially available chicks were enrolled into five experimental treatments each of eighty birds with four replicates per treatment. The birds were housed in deep litter clean pens. The experimental groups were as follow: Control; coriander; thyme; turmeric, and mixed. Two formulated diets (starter & finisher) to which all the dietary additives were added in a dried powdered form and at the level of 0.75% expect for the mixed group as each additive was used at level 0.25%. Performance parameters including weekly body development, body weights gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were recorded during the 35-d experimental period. Also, representative samples from each replicate were gathered for the detection of carcass traits, consumer acceptability, and the gut morphometric changes. The data revealed that coriander, and turmeric significantly (p<0.05) increased the villus heights and crypt depths as compared to control which is concomitant with the improvement of performance results when incorporated solely in broilers diet at 0.75% level , but consumer acceptability was lowered specifically for the turmeric –fed group.
This study evaluated the effects of different formulated feed rations on albino rats. Sixteen rats were divided into four groups and fed different feed formulations for 21 days. Group II, which was fed a diet of 600g corn, 200g millet, 160g crayfish and 40g groundnut, showed the most positive effects on growth performance and health biomarkers compared to the control group. While Group I and III showed some increased biomarkers suggesting potential liver damage, Group II most closely mimicked the effects of the control commercial feed. The study concludes that Group II's formulated feed is a suitable substitute for rat feed.
Koch’s postulate in reproduction of broiler coccidiosis by co-infection with ...Danielle Ayyash
The purpose of this research is to establish a model of Koch’s postulate for reproducing coccidiosis in broilers by co-infection with eight most common Eimeria spp. involved in this economic disease, in an attempt to use this model in future evaluation of new controlling biologics.
This study examined the residues of the pesticide endosulfan in the milk of goats following ingestion of endosulfan through their diet. 12 goats were divided into 3 groups - a control group and two treatment groups that received either 15 mg or 30 mg of endosulfan per goat, daily, for 25 days. Milk samples were collected and analyzed for endosulfan residues. Residues gradually increased during treatment and peaked on the last day, then declined after treatment ended. The half-life of decline was approximately 8.67-8.88 days. There were no significant effects on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition or blood parameters in the treated goats.
A comparative study on growth, carcass traits and tissue distribution of awas...Alexander Decker
This study compared growth performance, carcass traits, and tissue distribution of Awassi and Hamdani lambs slaughtered at 30kg and 40kg. Results showed that Hamdani lambs had significantly higher growth rates and dressing percentages than Awassi lambs. Awassi lambs had thicker fat and higher proportions of lean and fat in their carcasses with lower bone content. As slaughter weight increased from 30kg to 40kg, average daily gain decreased while rib eye area, fat thickness, and lean and fat content increased with lower bone proportion. Carcass, non-carcass, and fat tail contributed 51.72%, 2.63%, and 45.63% respectively, to total body fat.
Opportunities from multi-dimensional crop improvement and the supporting role...ILRI
This document discusses opportunities for improving crop residues as animal feed sources through multi-dimensional crop improvement supported by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) networks. It notes that crop residues make up the majority of livestock feed in places like India. Small differences in crop residue quality can significantly impact livestock productivity. Existing cultivar variations and targeted genetic enhancement through conventional breeding or molecular tools can exploit differences and improve crop residue quality. NIRS hubs could help support high-throughput phenotyping needed for this multi-dimensional crop improvement.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of different levels of protexin probiotic supplementation in the diets of male geese on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters. 98 male geese were fed diets with 0, 50, 75, or 100 g/ton of protexin probiotic and evaluated at days 15, 30, and 45. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved weight gain and feed efficiency but did not affect feed intake. Carcass and breast weights were also higher with probiotic. Blood parameters like cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, and total protein were unaffected. In conclusion, protexin probiotic improved growth performance and carcass yield in male geese.
1) The study investigated the effects of supplementing the diet of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) with starch extracted from three cassava varieties on their behavior, reproduction, and oxidative status.
2) Results showed that flies fed diets supplemented with starch from two of the cassava varieties (TMS 30572 and local sweet cassava) had higher survival rates and faster recovery from chill-induced coma compared to flies fed normal diet or diet supplemented with starch from the third variety (TMS 92/0326).
3) Flies fed the starch-supplemented diets also had greater egg to adult viability and higher antioxidant enzyme activities, suggesting the starch provided a protective effect against oxidative stress.
11.evaluation of the nutritive value of mixture of fermented bovine blood and...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of including fermented bovine blood and rumen digesta (FBBRD) at levels of 0-20% in diets for broiler finishers. 300 broilers were fed one of five experimental diets and evaluated over 35 days. Birds fed diets with 5-20% FBBRD performed similarly or better than the control group in terms of feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and organ weights. Nutrient digestibility was generally higher for the control group. Including FBBRD up to 20% was found to reduce feed costs and the cost of meat production without negatively impacting broiler performance.
Performance and Blood Profiles of Finisher Broilers Fed Diets Containing Grad...BRNSS Publication Hub
A 4-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the performance and blood profiles of finisher broilers fed cashew pulp meal (CPM) based diets. 135 finisher broilers, “Arbor acre” strain was randomly allocated to five dietary treatments consisting of three replicates of 9 finisher broilers each. Five on-farm diets containing 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, and 40% CPM replacing maize coded as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, were formulated. All performance parameters measured were significantly different (P < 0.05). Final weight, daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, feed cost/kg gain (feed cost/kg gain), and cost of 1 kg feed ranged from 1042.54 to 1305.55g, 16.31 to 28.51g, 91.86 to 110.54g, 3.26 to 5.56, 0 to 22.22%, 115.43 to 135.46, and 414.23 to 611.43, respectively. Hematological profile show that packed cell volume varied from 28.67 to 31.00%, hemoglobin (Hb) 9.07 to 10.60g/dl, red blood cell 1.80 to 2.31 × 106/μl, white blood cell 213.13 to 223.67 × 103/μl, mean corpuscular volume 132.27 to 134.87 fl, means corpuscular Hb (MCH) concentration 29.80 to 31.63 g/dl, and MCH 40.10 to 41.87 pg, respectively, and were significantly (P < 0.05) different. Treatments showed significant difference (P < 0.05) all serum parameters, the obtained values were total protein 4.25–4.92 g/dl, albumin 1.73–2.37 g/dl, aspartate aminotransferase 102.33–135.67 μ/l, alanine aminotransferase 4.00–7.33 μ/l, and total cholesterol 2.37–3.73 Mmol/l. The study showed that CPM depressed live weight but did not affect birds’ health even at 40% replacement of maize.
Synergetic effect of cassava sievate soybean milk residue mixtures as replace...Alexander Decker
This study investigated replacing maize with cassava sievate/soybean milk residue mixtures in diets for growing rabbits over 56 days. Four diets were formulated with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement. Replacing maize with the mixtures significantly improved final weight, daily weight gain, and reduced cost per kg weight gain compared to the control. The 50% replacement diet resulted in the lowest cost per kg gain without affecting digestibility, carcass characteristics, or health. Including the cassava/soybean mixtures can thus partially replace expensive maize in rabbit diets, enhancing growth and reducing production costs for farmers.
Compost bedded pack barns (CBP) may be a viable housing option for organic dairy farms based on a survey of organic dairy producers. CBP were ranked as the housing system that best meets the needs of organic dairy herds. Survey respondents indicated that CBP fit within organic standards by providing cow comfort, allowing natural behaviors, and facilitating nutrient management. Producers saw benefits of CBP including improved cow comfort, shelter, and access to outdoors. While some herds spent most or all of their time on pasture year-round, many spent only part of the year at pasture, suggesting CBP could serve as an alternative housing system for organic dairy cows.
Evaluation of heat treated small ruminants dropping as an alternative feedstu...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated heat-treated small ruminant droppings (SRD) as an alternative feedstuff in weanling pig diets. 144 crossbred piglets were fed one of four diets: a control diet with 0% SRD or test diets with 10%, 30%, or 50% SRD. Results showed SRD contains protein, fat, fiber and ash. Feed intake increased with SRD level, while weight gain and protein efficiency decreased at 30-50% SRD. Carcass characteristics were unaffected except for thigh weight. Digestibility of nutrients improved in test diets compared to control. The study concludes SRD is a potential feedstuff for pigs up to 50% dietary level.
Performance Characteristics and Carcass Yield of Indigenous Turkeys Fed Indom...iosrjce
This study evaluated the performance of turkey poults fed indomie waste (IW) based-diet. A total of
one hundred and forty-four (144) local strain of turkey poults were allotted to four dietary treatments in which
indomie waste was used to replace maize at 0%, 33.33%, 66.67%, and 100% levels, representing treatments one
to four (T1- T4) respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times with 12 poults per replicate using the
Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The study lasted for eight weeks. The initial weights of the poults were
taken while the final weight record was taken at the end of the study. The feed intake record was taken daily and
computed as total feed consumed per bird at the end of the study while weight gain, feed conversion ratio and
feed cost were calculated. Three birds were randomly selected from each replicate for carcass and organ
evaluation and were expressed as percentages of the body weight. The result showed that the IW significantly
(p< 0.05) affected the average weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio. The cost of feed per kg
decreased with increasing levels of IW in the diet. Significant differences were not observed in the carcass and
organ except in the breast yield. The lowest cost of feed was obtained at 100% inclusion level. The reduction in
feed cost is an advantage to the farmer who desires low cost of production. It was evident that IW could be
incorporated into the diet of local strain of turkey poults up to 100% level without any deleterious effect on the
performance of the turkeys, however, the 66.67% replacement which led to higher final body weight and better
feed conversion is recommended.
A study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value and enzyme supplementation of different sources of energy in broiler diets on the growth performance and heamatological parameters of broiler chickens supplemented with Mazigrain® enzyme within the treated groups. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets less (23.17 % CP; 2831 Kcal/ME and 21.73 % CP; 2929 Kcal/ME) for the broiler starter (0 - a month) and finisher phases (5–8 months) respectively were formulated. Diet 1(maize based diet) served in as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with sorghum, pearl millet, cassava and sweet potatoes based diets separately. A sum of 225 day-old NAPRI X broiler chicks were haphazardly distributed to the five treatments. Every treatment comprised of 45 broilers with three repeats of fifteen birds each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The general linear model protocol of S.A.S. 9.0. was used to analyze the collected data. Among the dietary groups significant changes (P<0.05) was found utilizing a Tukey test. Enzyme along with various energy sources have noteworthy (P<0.05) changes on every one of the parameters (final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water intake, water to feed ratio and feed cost per kilogram weight gain) except for death rate at the starter phase. Broilers that had sorghum based diet had the best performance at starter stage (final weight; 627 g, weight gain; 576.85 g, feed cost/kg gain; ^ 187.95 k). At the finisher stage, sorghum supplemented with enzyme had the best feed conversion ratio (1.96) and feed cost/kg gain; ^ 171.15 k. The optimal performance characteristics were recorded for sorghum based diets. Feed cost / kg gain was the cheapest on birds fed sorghum based diet with enzyme supplementation which was comparable with those fed the maize based diet. However, the use of enzyme enhanced the performance of birds at both the starter and finisher phases.
- Sixteen female and four male rabbits aged 18 weeks were fed one of four diets containing varying levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%) of dried bovine rumen digesta (DBRD) to evaluate its effect on reproductive performance.
- The does fed 50% DBRD (diet T3) had the highest litter size at birth of 6.75 while those fed 25% DBRD (diet T2) had the lowest of 3.75.
- Diet T3 also resulted in the highest litter size at weaning of 5.50, suggesting 50% DBRD maximized reproductive performance in rabbits.
This research proposal aims to study the effects of different inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash on the hematological response of broilers. The researcher will feed broilers four different diets with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash. Data on growth parameters, blood parameters, and economic costs and returns will be collected and analyzed. The results are intended to identify optimal inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash in broiler feed to improve performance while reducing feed costs.
Jon De Jong - Evaluating Strategic Pellet Feeding Regimens On Finishing Pig P...John Blue
Evaluating Strategic Pellet Feeding Regimens On Finishing Pig Performance, Stomach Morphology, And Carcass Characteristics - Jon De Jong, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Review on cotton seed meal as fish feed ingredientsAbdullah Al Mamun
This document provides an overview of cottonseed meal and its use as a fish feed ingredient. It discusses the composition and nutritional value of cottonseed meal, as well as some antinutritional factors like phytic acid, gossypol, and cyclopropenoic acids that can limit its use. The document then reviews research on the effects of cottonseed meal on the growth of various fish species like carp, tilapia, catfish, salmon, trout, and flounder. Many studies found that cottonseed meal can partially replace fishmeal in diets without negatively impacting growth, though the levels may vary depending on the fish species and life stage.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the feed intake and carcass characteristics of Bunaji bulls fed diets containing varying levels of raw or parboiled rice offal. Twenty bulls were assigned to one of five dietary treatments containing either 0%, 20%, or 30% raw or parboiled rice offal and fed for 90 days. Carcass evaluation of 15 bulls showed some carcass characteristics like legs, spleen, empty stomach, empty intestine, fat deposits varied significantly depending on the type of rice offal, with parboiled generally higher. Inclusion level of rice offal also significantly affected some carcass traits like dressing percentage and fat levels. The study concluded diets with 30% raw or par
Effects of fermented locust bean seed (pakia clapatoniana) as a replacement f...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated replacing full fat soybean meal with fermented locust bean seed in weaner rabbit diets. Twenty-four weaner rabbits were fed one of four experimental diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, or 75% fermented locust bean seed replacement. Parameters measured included feed intake, weight gain, water intake, hematological parameters, and feed conversion ratio. Results showed that final weight, weight gain, feed intake, and water intake were significantly affected by diet. Feed conversion ratio and some hematological parameters were not significantly different. Diets with 25% and 50% replacement performed best, while over 75% replacement adversely affected performance. The study suggests fermented locust
This study evaluated the effects of fermented and unfermented cocoa pod husk meal on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned rabbits. Twenty weaned rabbits were assigned to one of five dietary treatments: a control diet without cocoa husk meal, or diets containing unfermented cocoa husk meal or cocoa husk meal fermented for 5, 10, or 15 days. Growth parameters like weight gain and feed intake were measured weekly for 12 weeks, and a digestibility trial was conducted at the end to determine apparent nutrient digestibility. The results showed significant differences in growth performance and nutrient digestibility across the dietary treatments. The control diet resulted in better growth but was more expensive, while the 10-day fer
An experimental study was carried over a
period of 42 days using 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks
(Ven Cobb) to study the effect of copper and flavomycin as feed
additives on growth performance in broiler chicken. The birds
were divided into four groups with four replicates of ten chicks in
each replicate. The treatment (T1) was control with standard
broiler ration and Cu as CuSO4 at 100 ppm, 200 ppm and
flavomycin at 10 ppm were supplemented in the basal diet to
form treatment 2 (T2), treatment 3 (T3) and treatment 4 (T4)
respectively.
The chemical composition of T1, T2, T3 and T4 rations
contained 15.43, 106.49, 212.54 and 18.69 ppm of Cu in broiler
starter and 12.67, 101.13, 202.72 and 20.20 ppm of Cu in broiler
finisher, respectively. The results of the present study revealed
that the supplementation of Cu as CuSO4 (100 and 200 ppm) or
flavomycin (10 ppm) showed no significant difference among the
treatment groups with regard to the feed consumption, body
weight gain and feed conversion ratio up to six weeks of age. The
carcass weight, slaughter weight, dressing percentage and giblet
yield were not influenced by dietary supplementation of either
Cu or flavomycin. It was concluded that dietary supplementation
of broiler chicken with Cu up to 200 ppm and flavomycin at 10
ppm did not have any adverse effect on production performance
of broiler chicken.
Effect of Herbal Medicine Supplementations (Arsilvon Super, Bedgen40 and Hepa-cure Herbal Medicines) on Growth Performance, Immunity and Haematological Profile in Broilers
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of soapnut shell powder on the performance and immune response of broiler breeders. Ninety-six female and twenty-four male broiler breeders aged 38 weeks were fed one of four diets: a control diet or the control diet supplemented with graded levels of soapnut shell powder equivalent to 0, 50, 75, or 150 ppm of saponin. Dry matter intake and serum protein levels were not significantly different between treatments. Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were significantly higher in birds fed higher levels of soapnut shell powder supplementation compared to the control, indicating improved immunity. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of soapnut shell powder up to a level equivalent to 150
2013 Bazzell, et al dietary composition regulates Drosophila mobility and car...Brian Bazzell, PharmD
The document examines the impact of varying dietary composition on physiological indices related to endurance exercise capacity in Drosophila melanogaster flies. Two genetic backgrounds of flies were fed one of 10 experimental diets that manipulated the ratios and amounts of sucrose and yeast provided. Flies fed balanced low-calorie diets generally showed improved endurance, climbing speed, and cardiac performance compared to those fed high-calorie diets. Within unbalanced diets, flies consuming diets higher in sugar relative to yeast demonstrated greater endurance but impaired cardiac function. The effects of diet composition were found to be reversible within 48 hours if flies switched diets.
The study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with coriander seeds on food intake and microbial populations in the ceca of Japanese quail. 360 female quail chicks were divided into 6 treatment groups with varying levels of coriander seed supplementation (0-4%) or an antibiotic control. Food intake was measured weekly for 5 weeks, and bacterial populations in the ceca were analyzed after 35 days. Results showed that groups with 1% and 2% coriander supplementation had the highest food intake in the first two weeks. Bacterial analysis found the 4% coriander group had the highest E. coli levels, while the antibiotic group had the lowest levels. The study suggests coriander seeds can increase early food intake
1) The study investigated the effects of supplementing the diet of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) with starch extracted from three cassava varieties on their behavior, reproduction, and oxidative status.
2) Results showed that flies fed diets supplemented with starch from two of the cassava varieties (TMS 30572 and local sweet cassava) had higher survival rates and faster recovery from chill-induced coma compared to flies fed normal diet or diet supplemented with starch from the third variety (TMS 92/0326).
3) Flies fed the starch-supplemented diets also had greater egg to adult viability and higher antioxidant enzyme activities, suggesting the starch provided a protective effect against oxidative stress.
11.evaluation of the nutritive value of mixture of fermented bovine blood and...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of including fermented bovine blood and rumen digesta (FBBRD) at levels of 0-20% in diets for broiler finishers. 300 broilers were fed one of five experimental diets and evaluated over 35 days. Birds fed diets with 5-20% FBBRD performed similarly or better than the control group in terms of feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and organ weights. Nutrient digestibility was generally higher for the control group. Including FBBRD up to 20% was found to reduce feed costs and the cost of meat production without negatively impacting broiler performance.
Performance and Blood Profiles of Finisher Broilers Fed Diets Containing Grad...BRNSS Publication Hub
A 4-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the performance and blood profiles of finisher broilers fed cashew pulp meal (CPM) based diets. 135 finisher broilers, “Arbor acre” strain was randomly allocated to five dietary treatments consisting of three replicates of 9 finisher broilers each. Five on-farm diets containing 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, and 40% CPM replacing maize coded as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, were formulated. All performance parameters measured were significantly different (P < 0.05). Final weight, daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, feed cost/kg gain (feed cost/kg gain), and cost of 1 kg feed ranged from 1042.54 to 1305.55g, 16.31 to 28.51g, 91.86 to 110.54g, 3.26 to 5.56, 0 to 22.22%, 115.43 to 135.46, and 414.23 to 611.43, respectively. Hematological profile show that packed cell volume varied from 28.67 to 31.00%, hemoglobin (Hb) 9.07 to 10.60g/dl, red blood cell 1.80 to 2.31 × 106/μl, white blood cell 213.13 to 223.67 × 103/μl, mean corpuscular volume 132.27 to 134.87 fl, means corpuscular Hb (MCH) concentration 29.80 to 31.63 g/dl, and MCH 40.10 to 41.87 pg, respectively, and were significantly (P < 0.05) different. Treatments showed significant difference (P < 0.05) all serum parameters, the obtained values were total protein 4.25–4.92 g/dl, albumin 1.73–2.37 g/dl, aspartate aminotransferase 102.33–135.67 μ/l, alanine aminotransferase 4.00–7.33 μ/l, and total cholesterol 2.37–3.73 Mmol/l. The study showed that CPM depressed live weight but did not affect birds’ health even at 40% replacement of maize.
Synergetic effect of cassava sievate soybean milk residue mixtures as replace...Alexander Decker
This study investigated replacing maize with cassava sievate/soybean milk residue mixtures in diets for growing rabbits over 56 days. Four diets were formulated with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement. Replacing maize with the mixtures significantly improved final weight, daily weight gain, and reduced cost per kg weight gain compared to the control. The 50% replacement diet resulted in the lowest cost per kg gain without affecting digestibility, carcass characteristics, or health. Including the cassava/soybean mixtures can thus partially replace expensive maize in rabbit diets, enhancing growth and reducing production costs for farmers.
Compost bedded pack barns (CBP) may be a viable housing option for organic dairy farms based on a survey of organic dairy producers. CBP were ranked as the housing system that best meets the needs of organic dairy herds. Survey respondents indicated that CBP fit within organic standards by providing cow comfort, allowing natural behaviors, and facilitating nutrient management. Producers saw benefits of CBP including improved cow comfort, shelter, and access to outdoors. While some herds spent most or all of their time on pasture year-round, many spent only part of the year at pasture, suggesting CBP could serve as an alternative housing system for organic dairy cows.
Evaluation of heat treated small ruminants dropping as an alternative feedstu...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated heat-treated small ruminant droppings (SRD) as an alternative feedstuff in weanling pig diets. 144 crossbred piglets were fed one of four diets: a control diet with 0% SRD or test diets with 10%, 30%, or 50% SRD. Results showed SRD contains protein, fat, fiber and ash. Feed intake increased with SRD level, while weight gain and protein efficiency decreased at 30-50% SRD. Carcass characteristics were unaffected except for thigh weight. Digestibility of nutrients improved in test diets compared to control. The study concludes SRD is a potential feedstuff for pigs up to 50% dietary level.
Performance Characteristics and Carcass Yield of Indigenous Turkeys Fed Indom...iosrjce
This study evaluated the performance of turkey poults fed indomie waste (IW) based-diet. A total of
one hundred and forty-four (144) local strain of turkey poults were allotted to four dietary treatments in which
indomie waste was used to replace maize at 0%, 33.33%, 66.67%, and 100% levels, representing treatments one
to four (T1- T4) respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times with 12 poults per replicate using the
Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The study lasted for eight weeks. The initial weights of the poults were
taken while the final weight record was taken at the end of the study. The feed intake record was taken daily and
computed as total feed consumed per bird at the end of the study while weight gain, feed conversion ratio and
feed cost were calculated. Three birds were randomly selected from each replicate for carcass and organ
evaluation and were expressed as percentages of the body weight. The result showed that the IW significantly
(p< 0.05) affected the average weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio. The cost of feed per kg
decreased with increasing levels of IW in the diet. Significant differences were not observed in the carcass and
organ except in the breast yield. The lowest cost of feed was obtained at 100% inclusion level. The reduction in
feed cost is an advantage to the farmer who desires low cost of production. It was evident that IW could be
incorporated into the diet of local strain of turkey poults up to 100% level without any deleterious effect on the
performance of the turkeys, however, the 66.67% replacement which led to higher final body weight and better
feed conversion is recommended.
A study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value and enzyme supplementation of different sources of energy in broiler diets on the growth performance and heamatological parameters of broiler chickens supplemented with Mazigrain® enzyme within the treated groups. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets less (23.17 % CP; 2831 Kcal/ME and 21.73 % CP; 2929 Kcal/ME) for the broiler starter (0 - a month) and finisher phases (5–8 months) respectively were formulated. Diet 1(maize based diet) served in as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with sorghum, pearl millet, cassava and sweet potatoes based diets separately. A sum of 225 day-old NAPRI X broiler chicks were haphazardly distributed to the five treatments. Every treatment comprised of 45 broilers with three repeats of fifteen birds each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The general linear model protocol of S.A.S. 9.0. was used to analyze the collected data. Among the dietary groups significant changes (P<0.05) was found utilizing a Tukey test. Enzyme along with various energy sources have noteworthy (P<0.05) changes on every one of the parameters (final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water intake, water to feed ratio and feed cost per kilogram weight gain) except for death rate at the starter phase. Broilers that had sorghum based diet had the best performance at starter stage (final weight; 627 g, weight gain; 576.85 g, feed cost/kg gain; ^ 187.95 k). At the finisher stage, sorghum supplemented with enzyme had the best feed conversion ratio (1.96) and feed cost/kg gain; ^ 171.15 k. The optimal performance characteristics were recorded for sorghum based diets. Feed cost / kg gain was the cheapest on birds fed sorghum based diet with enzyme supplementation which was comparable with those fed the maize based diet. However, the use of enzyme enhanced the performance of birds at both the starter and finisher phases.
- Sixteen female and four male rabbits aged 18 weeks were fed one of four diets containing varying levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%) of dried bovine rumen digesta (DBRD) to evaluate its effect on reproductive performance.
- The does fed 50% DBRD (diet T3) had the highest litter size at birth of 6.75 while those fed 25% DBRD (diet T2) had the lowest of 3.75.
- Diet T3 also resulted in the highest litter size at weaning of 5.50, suggesting 50% DBRD maximized reproductive performance in rabbits.
This research proposal aims to study the effects of different inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash on the hematological response of broilers. The researcher will feed broilers four different diets with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash. Data on growth parameters, blood parameters, and economic costs and returns will be collected and analyzed. The results are intended to identify optimal inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash in broiler feed to improve performance while reducing feed costs.
Jon De Jong - Evaluating Strategic Pellet Feeding Regimens On Finishing Pig P...John Blue
Evaluating Strategic Pellet Feeding Regimens On Finishing Pig Performance, Stomach Morphology, And Carcass Characteristics - Jon De Jong, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Review on cotton seed meal as fish feed ingredientsAbdullah Al Mamun
This document provides an overview of cottonseed meal and its use as a fish feed ingredient. It discusses the composition and nutritional value of cottonseed meal, as well as some antinutritional factors like phytic acid, gossypol, and cyclopropenoic acids that can limit its use. The document then reviews research on the effects of cottonseed meal on the growth of various fish species like carp, tilapia, catfish, salmon, trout, and flounder. Many studies found that cottonseed meal can partially replace fishmeal in diets without negatively impacting growth, though the levels may vary depending on the fish species and life stage.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the feed intake and carcass characteristics of Bunaji bulls fed diets containing varying levels of raw or parboiled rice offal. Twenty bulls were assigned to one of five dietary treatments containing either 0%, 20%, or 30% raw or parboiled rice offal and fed for 90 days. Carcass evaluation of 15 bulls showed some carcass characteristics like legs, spleen, empty stomach, empty intestine, fat deposits varied significantly depending on the type of rice offal, with parboiled generally higher. Inclusion level of rice offal also significantly affected some carcass traits like dressing percentage and fat levels. The study concluded diets with 30% raw or par
Effects of fermented locust bean seed (pakia clapatoniana) as a replacement f...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated replacing full fat soybean meal with fermented locust bean seed in weaner rabbit diets. Twenty-four weaner rabbits were fed one of four experimental diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, or 75% fermented locust bean seed replacement. Parameters measured included feed intake, weight gain, water intake, hematological parameters, and feed conversion ratio. Results showed that final weight, weight gain, feed intake, and water intake were significantly affected by diet. Feed conversion ratio and some hematological parameters were not significantly different. Diets with 25% and 50% replacement performed best, while over 75% replacement adversely affected performance. The study suggests fermented locust
This study evaluated the effects of fermented and unfermented cocoa pod husk meal on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned rabbits. Twenty weaned rabbits were assigned to one of five dietary treatments: a control diet without cocoa husk meal, or diets containing unfermented cocoa husk meal or cocoa husk meal fermented for 5, 10, or 15 days. Growth parameters like weight gain and feed intake were measured weekly for 12 weeks, and a digestibility trial was conducted at the end to determine apparent nutrient digestibility. The results showed significant differences in growth performance and nutrient digestibility across the dietary treatments. The control diet resulted in better growth but was more expensive, while the 10-day fer
An experimental study was carried over a
period of 42 days using 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks
(Ven Cobb) to study the effect of copper and flavomycin as feed
additives on growth performance in broiler chicken. The birds
were divided into four groups with four replicates of ten chicks in
each replicate. The treatment (T1) was control with standard
broiler ration and Cu as CuSO4 at 100 ppm, 200 ppm and
flavomycin at 10 ppm were supplemented in the basal diet to
form treatment 2 (T2), treatment 3 (T3) and treatment 4 (T4)
respectively.
The chemical composition of T1, T2, T3 and T4 rations
contained 15.43, 106.49, 212.54 and 18.69 ppm of Cu in broiler
starter and 12.67, 101.13, 202.72 and 20.20 ppm of Cu in broiler
finisher, respectively. The results of the present study revealed
that the supplementation of Cu as CuSO4 (100 and 200 ppm) or
flavomycin (10 ppm) showed no significant difference among the
treatment groups with regard to the feed consumption, body
weight gain and feed conversion ratio up to six weeks of age. The
carcass weight, slaughter weight, dressing percentage and giblet
yield were not influenced by dietary supplementation of either
Cu or flavomycin. It was concluded that dietary supplementation
of broiler chicken with Cu up to 200 ppm and flavomycin at 10
ppm did not have any adverse effect on production performance
of broiler chicken.
STUDIES ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE IN BROILER CHICKEN SUPPLEMENTING COPPER AND...
Similaire à The effect of different physical form feeds and stocking density on performance characteristics of carcass and immunity of broiler chickens
Effect of Herbal Medicine Supplementations (Arsilvon Super, Bedgen40 and Hepa-cure Herbal Medicines) on Growth Performance, Immunity and Haematological Profile in Broilers
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of soapnut shell powder on the performance and immune response of broiler breeders. Ninety-six female and twenty-four male broiler breeders aged 38 weeks were fed one of four diets: a control diet or the control diet supplemented with graded levels of soapnut shell powder equivalent to 0, 50, 75, or 150 ppm of saponin. Dry matter intake and serum protein levels were not significantly different between treatments. Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were significantly higher in birds fed higher levels of soapnut shell powder supplementation compared to the control, indicating improved immunity. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of soapnut shell powder up to a level equivalent to 150
2013 Bazzell, et al dietary composition regulates Drosophila mobility and car...Brian Bazzell, PharmD
The document examines the impact of varying dietary composition on physiological indices related to endurance exercise capacity in Drosophila melanogaster flies. Two genetic backgrounds of flies were fed one of 10 experimental diets that manipulated the ratios and amounts of sucrose and yeast provided. Flies fed balanced low-calorie diets generally showed improved endurance, climbing speed, and cardiac performance compared to those fed high-calorie diets. Within unbalanced diets, flies consuming diets higher in sugar relative to yeast demonstrated greater endurance but impaired cardiac function. The effects of diet composition were found to be reversible within 48 hours if flies switched diets.
The study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with coriander seeds on food intake and microbial populations in the ceca of Japanese quail. 360 female quail chicks were divided into 6 treatment groups with varying levels of coriander seed supplementation (0-4%) or an antibiotic control. Food intake was measured weekly for 5 weeks, and bacterial populations in the ceca were analyzed after 35 days. Results showed that groups with 1% and 2% coriander supplementation had the highest food intake in the first two weeks. Bacterial analysis found the 4% coriander group had the highest E. coli levels, while the antibiotic group had the lowest levels. The study suggests coriander seeds can increase early food intake
Achieving factual sustainability in fish farming needs the addition of most of the fish meal exploited as feed stuffs. The current experiment described two feeding trials, that resulted in the complete replacement of fish meal in the fingerling of Tilapia mossambicus. The initial trial was accompanied with three stages of fish meal replacement (50, 75 and 100% of dietary protein) viz., one level of soy protein and two levels of Lactat ® Probiotic (0 (or) 0.3% of the diet). Since probiotic has been reported to promote gut health, it was incorporated inorder to examine the growth enhancement and whether it would ease high levels of fish meal replacement in T. mossambicus. Lipids were provided by Cod liver oil. The better weight gain was observed in the treatments 50/50+ of fish meal replacement and 0/100+ of fish meal replacement. The optimum Specific Growth Rate, Food Conversion Ratio and Survival were also observed in 50/50+ fish meal replacement and 0/100+ fish meal replacement. The higher serum Acetyl Choline, Leucocytes, and Erythrocyte were observed in 50/50+ and 0/100 + than the other diets. The Lysozyme activity was higher in 0/100+ and 50/50+ than the other diets.
In the Second feeding trial, fish meal was replaced by various carbohydrate sources on the growth performance and hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities of the fingerlings of T. mossambicus. Five experimental diets were formulated to contain glucose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin, corn starch and control were maintained separately. The results indicated that the better weight gain, SGR, FCR and survival were also better in starch, dextrin and sucrose diet fed fish. There were significant differences in the total plasma, glucose and triglyceride concentration in fish fed with different carbohydrate sources. Plasma total protein, red blood cell, leucocytes and hemoglobin were significantly affected by various carbohydrate sources. The activities of glucose 6-Phosphate dehydrogenase, (G6PD), 6- Phospho fructokinase (PFK) and fructose 1, 6 – bisphosphatase (FBase) were significantly affected by these carbohydrate sources. While this two feeding trail indicated that the 50/50+ and 0/100+ of soy flour replacement with fish meal showed the optimum growth performance and in carbohydrate sources the corn starch, dextrose, and sucrose showed the better growth for tilapia fingerlings.
This study examined the effects of including hempseed at different levels (5%, 10%, 20%) in the diets of Japanese quail on performance, carcass traits, and antioxidant activity in blood. Body weight was not significantly different between groups at 7 and 21 days, but was lower in the 20% hempseed group at 42 days. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different among groups. Carcass, organ weights, and their percentages to carcass weight were significantly different between treatment groups. Biomarkers of oxidative stress (MDA, NO) decreased in blood serum with hempseed supplementation, while antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) increased, indicating higher antioxidant activity
A study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value and enzyme
supplementation of different sources of energy in broiler diets on the growth
performance and heamatological parameters of broiler chickens supplemented with
Mazigrain® enzyme within the treated groups. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets
less (23.17 % CP; 2831 Kcal/ME and 21.73 % CP; 2929 Kcal/ME) for the broiler starter
(0 - a month) and finisher phases (5–8 months) respectively were formulated. Diet 1
(maize based diet) served in as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were
supplemented with sorghum, pearl millet, cassava and sweet potatoes based diets
separately. A sum of 225 day-old NAPRI X broiler chicks were haphazardly distributed
to the five treatments. Every treatment comprised of 45 broilers with three repeats of
fifteen birds each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The general linear model
protocol of S.A.S. 9.0. was used to analyze the collected data. Among the dietary
groups significant changes (P<0.05) was found utilizing a Tukey test. Enzyme along
with various energy sources have noteworthy (P<0.05) changes on every one of the
parameters (final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water intake, water
to feed ratio and feed cost per kilogram weight gain) except for death rate at the
starter phase. Broilers that had sorghum based diet had the best performance at
starter stage (final weight; 627 g, weight gain; 576.85 g, feed cost/kg gain; ^ 187.95 k).
At the finisher stage, sorghum supplemented with enzyme had the best feed
conversion ratio (1.96) and feed cost/kg gain; ^ 171.15 k. The optimal performance
characteristics were recorded for sorghum based diets. Feed cost / kg gain was the
cheapest on birds fed sorghum based diet with enzyme supplementation which was
comparable with those fed the maize based diet. However, the use of enzyme
enhanced the performance of birds at both the starter and finisher phases.
This document describes a study that examined the impact of different crude protein levels in the diet on the growth of lambs. Fifteen male lambs were divided into three groups and fed diets with low (100g/kg), medium (130g/kg), or high (160g/kg) crude protein levels. During the first 6 weeks, lambs on the low and medium protein diets gained less weight than those on the high protein diet. For the rest of the trial period, lambs on the medium protein diet had the highest growth rate. Digestibility was similar for the medium and high protein diets and higher than the low protein diet. Results suggest that the optimum crude protein level for growing lambs is
Comparative Study of Feeding Different Levels of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present work was aimed to determine the comparative effect of feeding different levels of black cumin
on growth, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of COBB-500 broiler. Three hundred and twenty, daysold straight run COBB-500 chicks from a lot of the same hatch were brooded in an electrically operated
battery brooder for a period of 7 days, where pre-experimental diet was offered. On the 8th day, chicks
having uniform body weight were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with four replications
(20 chicks in each). The isoproteinous and isocaloric formulated standard starter (1–10 days), grower
(11–20 days), and finisher (21–42 days) diets were supplemented with different levels of black cumin of
T1 – control, T2 – 0.25% black cumin, T3 – 0.5% black cumin, and T4 – 0.75% black cumin, respectively.
The chicks were offered ad libitum treatment diets and clean drinking water. The desired data were
recorded weekly, which included live weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of
broiler birds. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis under completely randomized design
as per the methods of MSTAT. Final live weight of the birds was found highly significant (P < 0.01) for
all treatment groups. Highest final weight gain (2244.59 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Daily live weight of the birds was also found highly significant (P < 0.01) for all
treatment groups. Highest daily live weight gain (60.27 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Supplementation of black cumin in the broiler rations did not exhibit any
significant effect (P > 0.05) on the total feed consumption. Feed conversion ratio was found significantly
different (P < 0.01) for all treatment groups. It is, therefore, concluded that inclusion of black cumin in
the broiler rations could be economical and efficient production of broilers
Dr. Abhijit Mitra, Associate Professor and former Head, Dept. of Marine Science, University of Calcutta (INDIA) has been active in the sphere of Oceanography since 1985. He obtained his Ph.D as NET qualified scholar in 1994. Since then he joined Calcutta Port Trust and WWF (World Wide Fund), in various capacities to carry out research programmes on environmental science, biodiversity conservation, climate change and carbon sequestration. Presently Dr. Mitra is serving as the advisor of Oceanography Division of Techno India University, Kolkata. He has to his credit about 388 scientific publications in various National and International journals, and 34 books of postgraduate standards. Dr. Mitra has successfully completed about 16 projects on biodiversity loss in fishery sector, coastal pollution, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration. Dr. Mitra also visited as faculty member and invited speakers in several foreign Universities of Singapore, Kenya, Oman and USA. In 2008, Dr. Mitra was invited as visiting fellow at University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, USA to deliver a series of lecture on Climate Change. Dr. Mitra also successfully guided 29 Ph.D students. Presently his domain of expertise includes environmental science, mangrove ecology, sustainable aquaculture, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration.
The document summarizes a study on the comparative efficacy of different growth enhancers on broilers. 96 day-old broiler chicks were divided into 4 treatment groups: a control group given plain water, and groups given Atovi, aloe vera, or sorghum syrup supplements. Results showed no significant differences in weekly weight gain, feed consumption, or feed conversion ratio among treatments. The sorghum syrup group had the highest final weight, while the aloe vera group had the lowest. The Atovi group yielded the highest return on investment. In conclusion, using growth enhancers can increase profits compared to plain feed, though higher supplement concentrations may be needed to see effects.
Comparative effect-of-azadirachta-indica-moringa-oleifera-and-cichorium-intyb...ghulam abbas
This study investigated the effects of supplementing broiler drinking water with leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera, and Cichorium intybus on growth performance, immune response, and carcass characteristics. Broilers given water supplemented with A. indica extract exhibited better growth, immunity, and some carcass traits compared to other groups. Specifically, A. indica supplemented broilers had higher weight gain, feed intake, antibody levels against diseases, dressing percentage, and breast meat yield. Therefore, the study concluded that A. indica leaf extract is an effective and inexpensive herbal growth promoter for broilers that improves performance without harmful residual effects.
Effect of dietary lipid level on growth, feed utilizationHafez Mabrouk
1) Juvenile giant croaker (Nibea japonica) were fed 5 experimental diets containing graded levels of fish oil from 5% to 21% lipid to determine the effects on growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition.
2) Fish fed diets with 5-13% lipid showed significantly higher weight gain and growth rate than those fed 17-21% lipid diets. Based on a regression analysis, 8.22% lipid provided maximum growth.
3) Fish fed 9-13% lipid diets had improved protein utilization and feed conversion efficiency compared to other lipid levels. Higher lipid diets decreased feed intake.
4) Lower lipid diets (5-9%) resulted in
This research proposal aims to study the effects of different inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash on the hematological response of broilers. The researcher will feed broilers four different diets with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash. Data on growth parameters, blood parameters, and economic costs and returns will be collected and analyzed. The results are intended to identify optimal inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash in broiler feed to improve performance while reducing costs.
Visceral organ of colored broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed with commer...Innspub Net
This study was conducted atcmU Poultry Production Project, Musuan, and Maramag Bukidnon to evaluate the effect of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) under a free-range condition in the commercial ration on the visceral organ of colored broiler chicken. A total of 12 birds were obtained from a flock of 48 colored broiler chickens from a growth performance study. The treatments were as follows: Treatment 1 = 100g commercial feeds (control), Treatment 2 = 95% commercial feeds + 5% BSF larvae, Treatment 3 = 90% commercial feeds + 10% BSF larvae and Treatment 4 = 85% commercial feeds + 15% BSF larvae. Based on the result of analysis of variance (ANOVA), it showed no significant differences among the parameters of the studied weights of the crop with and without fill, weight of proventriculus without fill, weight of small intestine with and without fill, large intestine with and without fill, caeca with and without fill, weight of heart, and weight of gall bladder. However, the weight of proventriculus plus gizzard with fill, weight of liver, weight of spleen, weight of pancreas revealed significant differences based on Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Furthermore, Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) were highly recommended to animals because there were no detrimental observed in the study. This result indicates that using Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) as supplementation ration can improve the visceral organ performance of broiler chicken.
This study evaluated the effects of different levels of probiotic (Protexin) supplementation in broiler feed on blood parameters. 375 broilers were divided into 5 treatment groups that received either 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 g/ton of probiotic in their feed. Blood samples were collected and analyzed. Results showed that hematological values, serum urea, creatinine, triglycerides, HDL, cholesterol and LDL were not affected by treatments. However, hemoglobin, serum glucose and total protein were significantly increased in birds receiving 100 g/ton probiotic compared to the control group. In conclusion, probiotic supplementation at different levels may improve some blood parameters of broilers.
Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing some Tropical Leaves as...AI Publications
Meat quality, carcass and organ characteristic of arbo acre breed of broiler chicken fed diets containing moringa, fluted pumpkin and African spinach meals and their composites as replacement for 50% synthetic methionine in diets were examined using a completely randomized experimental design involving two hundred and forty (240) chicks. Which were randomly distributed into eight dietary treatments of three replicates per treatment and ten birds per replicate. This study lasted for six weeks. At the end of the experiment, three (3) birds per replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered. The carcass and the organs characteristic were measured and thigh, breast and drumstick were separated for meat quality analysis. The carcass characteristic were all significantly (P≥0.05) differ with moringa having the highest. The organ characteristic shows that there were no significant (p≤0.05) difference in all the parameters except for the belly fat. The meat quality (P≤0.05) affected. There was improvement in thaw loss, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability of the meats with the inclusion of the leaf mills. The composite leaf meal inclusion gave the overall best result. It was concluded that the selected leaf meals and their composite could be used to replacement 50% synthetic methionine in poultry diet.
Similaire à The effect of different physical form feeds and stocking density on performance characteristics of carcass and immunity of broiler chickens (20)
Considering the effects of chemical herbicide application, biomarkers have
now become more widely considered for controlling weeds. Allelopathy demonstrates
the potential for this through the release of trace elements from decomposable plant
leaves, seeds, stems and strains. In order to investigate the effects of aqueous extract
of sunflower on the germination and morphological characteristics of Rumex acetosa,
Lepidium draba and Convolvulus arvensis seedlings as three common weeds in sugar
beet fields, a research experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Islamic Azad
University, Neishabour, in 2016 as a factorial in the form of completely randomized
design with four replications. The experimental treatments were aqueous extract of
sunflower (zero, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), the type of weed in three levels (Rumex
acetosa, Lepidium draba and Convolvulus arvensis), respectively. The results showed
that the highest percentage and rate of germination were observed in non-use of
sunflower extract (irrigation with distilled water), which in Rumex acetosa 97 and 33
percent were higher respectively, in comparison to Lepidium draba and Convolvulus
arvensis. In the study of stem fresh weight, fresh and dry weight of roots, it showed
that the field bindweed plant was more resistant compared to Rumex acetosa,
Lepidium draba. The lowest germination and seedling traits were obtained in 100% of
sunflower aqueous extract, which affected the weeds of the Ivy and Blacks, and the
sorrel was more resistant. According to the results, sunflower extract as a strong
combination for weed control can have promising results for sustainable agriculture.
In order to have data on the consumption of okra in Ivory Coast, a survey was
carried out in a school in the town of Adjamé among young people aged between 15
and 35 years. The survey showed that all respondents knew okra 57.80% of
respondents appreciate okra fresh, 39.20% dry and 03% do not appreciate at all the
okra. It also showed that 18.60% of respondents appreciate the sauce gombo, 20.80%
gouagouassou the sauce, the 13.80% Kopé sauce, 39.20% djoumblé the sauce, sauces
made 0.8% made from sheets of okra. 06.80% do not like these sauces. All people
surveyed know the varieties of "Gombo baoule" and "Gombo dioula." In conclusion,
the existing prejudices about fresh okra are the dried okra is more popular among
young people in Côte d'Ivoire.
Five diets (diets incorporated with folic acid, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin/
mineral mix and control) were used to determine their effects on survival, digestive
enzyme activity, protein profiling and growth of striped snakehead Channa striatus
fingerlings. All vitamin diets showed significant difference in enzyme activity like
protease, amylase and lipase, when compared to that of control. The fingerlings fed
with vitamin C diet showed significantly (P<0.05) better performance in terms of
survival rate, weight gain and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) when compared to the rest
of the four diets. The electrophoretic studies revealed that high molecular weight
fractions were added up in muscle tissue of C. striatus fed with vitamin and mineral
supplemented diets.
Mining is considered as a difficult and harmful job as it is done in a very
difficult physical and environmental condition. In addition to that, miners are exposed
to the dangers, damages and even death because of the bad condition of mines. The
dangers of mines are different in accordance with the kind of mine which may be
underground or surfaces. The dangers may be a bit different in different cities and
mines. Main harmful factors in mining are the physical damages, hyperthermia,
hearing loss, lung diseases, musculoskeletal diseases and facing with dangerous gases
and beams. The purpose of this essay is to examine the effect of physical, chemical
and biological harmful factor on miners. This survey has adopted descriptive method
and data are collected by library method. The results showed that the exposure of
chemical factors such as dust, methane and silica, and physical factors such as noise,
radiation, and biological factors may have great danger for miners.
The intensive study was conuducted for the prevalence and distribution of
Armigeres obturbans for the first time in the rural area surrounding Rajkot City. Seven
villages were identified for the study species identification, larval density, adult
density and distribution of breeding sites of the species. Results showed that adult
density of Ar. obturbans during monsoon was highest and post monsoon period was
most favourable for the species. Also the breeding sites of the species were recorded
more during this period. While during winter season majority of temporary breeding
sites dries out because of temperature decrease. Therefore, the temperature and
rainfall are the two variables that showed major effect on the breeding activities of
this species.
In order to assess the Myxosporeans fauna of Cameroon fresh water fishes so
as to find the fight strategies, 655 specimens (350 Oreochromis niloticus and 305
Barbus callipterus) were sampled in Mapé river (Sanaga basin) and examined.
Standard methods were used for the sampling of fishes, conservation and microscopy.
Morphometric characteristics of the spores were used for species identification. Two
new species belonging to the genus Myxobolus Büstchli, 1882 were described namely
Myxobolus tchoumbouei n. sp in Barbus callipterus which formed cysts within various
organs (fins, skin and operculum); Myxobolus mapei n. sp parasite of kidneys and liver
in Oreochromis niloticus and Barbus callipterus. Myxobolus tchoumbouei exhibited
very long spores (19.19 x 8.89 μm), pear-shaped with rounded anterior end
sometimes flattened. Polar capsules were dissymmetrical. They measured 7.60 x 3.00
μm for the bigger and 7.06 x 2.62 μm for the smaller. Myxobolus mapei n. sp had
ellipsoidal spores (13.50 x 6.83 μm) with unequal polar capsules. The larger polar
capsule (6.44 X 2.88 μm) was about 1.5 times longer than the smaller one (4.13 X 1.61
μm) and filled half of the spiral cavity. The awareness about these parasites is useful
to find fighting strategies.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is also known by the name hyaluronan. The necessity for
using this fabulous material lead to investigate non-pathogenic strains which produce
this material. The most non-pathogenic strain is S. thermophilus. The lack of literature
on microbial production of this substance by the strain prompted us to examine the
microbial production of HA from it and also to examine optimization of culture
conditions where HA is produced. The bacteria Streptococcus salivarius sub.
thermophilus was obtained from the Bank of Scientific and Industrial Research of Iran
(PTCC 1738). To separate S. thermophilus strains from yogurts, three types of yogurts
were used. They were cultured by pour-plate and surface methods on STA medium. To
identify the isolated strains, biochemical tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
were used. Bacterial strains isolated from yoghurts were identified as S. thermophilus
MN-BM-A02, S. thermophilus JIM8232 and S. thermophilus MN-ZLW-002. To separate
the capsule strains, each strain was cultured on STB medium and then they were
centrifuged. In order to purify the samples, ethanol and charcoal were used. To
optimize production, variety of sources of carbon, nitrogen, temperature and pH were
studied.
The qualitative and quantitative dynamics of the copepod community in
Hendijan harbor was studied through zooplankton samples collected seasonally in
summer 2010 (July- August), autumn 2010 (October), winter 2011 (December-
February) and spring 2011(April). The copepods community was represented by 27
species, belonging to calanoida (16 species), cyclopoida (5 species), Poecilostomatoida
(3 species) and harpacticoida (3 species). The highest abundance of copepods was in
summer (14402±3352 Ind/m3) while the lowest was in winter (852±155 ind/m3). Of
the adult forms, Acartiella faoensis was the most abundant species, forming 19% of
the total copepods, followed by Paracalanus parvus (17%), Corycaeus andrewsi (13%)
and Clausocalanus arcuicornis (8%). Most of copepod species displayed distinct
seasonal occurrence relative to environmental conditions. The spearman’s correlation
revealed that temperature and salinity were the most important factor controlling the
size of copepods density in Hendijan harbor. The cluster analysis demonstrated
different types of association between copepods species. The highest value of
Shannon’s diversity index, Margalef index and Pielou’s evenness was noticed in
summer. These results revealed that the summer is different from other seasons of
the year and in this season the ecological situation is better and more stable than
other seasons in Hendijan shores waters.
The main purpose of this research was to investigate the women pregnancy healthy status and behaviors in Eastern-Azerbaijan province referred to the treatment health centers in 2012. The present study was a cross-section study. So 30
married women between 15-49 years old have been taken up randomly for family adjustment and mother health and pregnancy care. A questionnaire including the demographic features and other questions about the status and behavior of the
pregnancy health affairs were used to collect the results. The obtained data of these questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software. The results that showed 63.8% had itching or the vaginal stimuli and 34.9% (52 ones) had bad-smelling secretions and
36.9% (55 ones) had intense pain around the abdominal area. The investigation of these infectious diseases through sexual path showed that about 0.5% (3 ones) are challenging with these mentioned disorders. The results of the barrenness showed that about 8.7% (52 ones) tried to get pregnant but they did not get pregnant.
To evaluate the effect of humic acid fertilizer on potato tubers in 2010, trials were conducted in the Province of Iran. The experiment was conducted on a split plot with randomized complete block design having three replications. Main plots consisted of four levels of humic acid (0, 1, 2, 3 times) solution in water irrigation and sub-factor consisted of three varieties of potato (Marfona, Satina, and Born). During planting the application of humic acid at the rate of nine liters per hectare per load at the beginning and start of creating tuber formation respectively were done. Analysis of variance showed that the smallest and largest tuber weight, number of tubers per plant and yield per plant were not significant. Effect of humic acid on the smallest mean tumor weight at 1% and the number of tubers and yield per plant showed significant difference at 5% level. The largest tuber weight was also not significantly different. Interaction of humic acid fertilizer in any of the measured parameters showed no significant difference in potatoes. Comparison by Duncan test showed that the application of humic acid in all the three stages of growth had shown great impact on tuber weight. The highest number of tubers per plant has been associated with the use of humic acid (27 l/ha). The number of tubers per hectare with the application of 18 litres of humic acid showed no significant difference. The amount of humic acid applied were 18 and 27 litres per hectare, and increased performance is in the range of 13 and 29% respectively.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the students' attitude and consciousness degree regarding the pregnancy health in 2013 in Eastern-Azerbaijan Province. So, 300 students in different semesters have been taken up as accidentally from Tabriz, Marand, Bonab, Maragheh and Ahar have been taken up in this study. The WHO illustrative questionnaire for interview-questionnaire designed by John Cleland surveys with young people has been applied in this study. The statistical data has been completed by the help of SPSS software and descriptive and t-test statistical cases. The results showed the attitude score from the family adjustment is significantly higher than the determined degree positively. The results showed the sexual diseases are significantly higher than the fixed determined degree positively. Also it showed there is no observed any significant difference between the degree of the conscious and the students' attitude based on their marital status The results did not show any significant difference regarding the degree of the attitude among students.
The main purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of regular home visits on the developmental indices of low birth weight infants. The present study was an on-site clinical investigation. 90 infants ranging between 1500 to 2500g born in Razi Hospital of Marand town having the entrance criteria to the present study were taken into consideration through the available sampling method and then they were divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group has received the whole routine cares since the first to fourth week and then they were visited at home for 45 minutes a week. The control group received the routine cares. The evolutionary indices of both groups were also completed monthly for three months by referring homes. The related data gathering tool was also subjected to the demographic information through registration list and the Persian version of the Low Weight Infant Inventory (LWII) (2 months) that have been completed by the researcher on the birthday, first, second and third months of the birth through the interview. SPSS-15 software and the application of the inferential and descriptive statistical tests (K2 and T-tests) were also applied in order to analyze the related data in this study. The significance level was considered as p<0.05.
More than half of these related research units of both groups had experience (61.5%) and control (55.8%) regarding all women in this study; the mean score of the low weight infants on the first month had not shown any statistical significant difference; but on the second months (p=0.04) and the third months (p=0.001), they had shown statistical significant difference progressively. The healthcare based on home-visit had influence on the recovery indices of the low weight infants. Hence, nurses and other health monitors of the infants should apply for the healthcare programs based on home-visit particularly in caring infants.
Protein was extracted from muscles of Channa striatus and attempts were
made to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity against clinical bacterial isolates. The
higher concentration of protein (100μg/ml) extracts exhibited a pronounced activity
against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21 mm), Proteus vulgaris (19 mm), Citrobacter sp
(19 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18 mm), Micrococcus sp (17 mm), Bacillus subtilis (16
mm), Staphylococcus aureus (15 mm), E. coli (14 mm) and Serratia marcescens (5
mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration
were found to be 20-40 μg/ml and 80-100 μg/ml respectively for the extracts of
Channa striatus protein against test organisms. This study confirms that C. striatus fish
protein extracts possess antibacterial activity against a wide range of microbes and
justified that it could be used in the traditional medicine as a remedy for the
treatment of bacterial diseases.
Food security in a growing population with limited natural resources is one of
the most important issues of the world. Accumulation of heavy metals in food and
their concentrations increase and reaching to a risk limit can threaten human health.
The purpose of this study, is to study the heavy metals lead and cadmium in
vegetables, cultured on spinach and watercress at 10 Gardens of Ardabil. This study is
cross-sectional and 81 samples in water, soil, and spinach and watercress were
prepared during the months of June, July and August in 2015 and after preparation
according to the standard methods and using atomic absorption spectrophotometer
(Perkin Elmer) for the determination of heavy metals. SPSS software was used for data
analysis. The results showed that the mean level of lead and cadmium in all samples
were less than the EPA standard. Between studied orchards in terms of the amount of
cadmium and lead no statistically significant different was seen. The independent ttest
showed that in terms of cadmium between two species of spinach and watercress
there found a significant difference at the 5% level so that the amount of cadmium in
spinach was more than the watercress. Since the concentration of heavy metals in all
samples at second and third stages in July and August were zero, but in the first step
in June, the amount of heavy metals have been found in some samples showed that
all three samples of first cut had more contamination than second and third cut. And
in this case, the concentration of heavy metal pollution in hibernation at vegetable
gardens Ardabil is possible. The results of spinach cadmium amount in the first cut in
the three garden of viz.,3, 6 and 10 showed that in the garden (3), the amount of
cadmium in water is higher than the standard and is concentrated in spinach and the
gardens of 6 and 10 Cadmium in the soil of the gardens, is slightly higher that is
condensed in spinach thus it can be considered that spinach in terms of cadmium has
bioaccumulation.
Generally, the reconstitution of palaeo-geography and related environments
is based on the study of sediment markers such as grain size and clay mineralogy. In
this research, 90 surface and subsurface sediment samples from eight cores were
analyzed for grain size and clay mineralogy in southern part of Urmia lake coast and
adjacent areas. Abundant minerals are quartz, feldspars, calcite and dolomite. Heavy
minerals identified were epidote, hornblende and zircon. Clay minerals are Kaolinite
and Smectite mainly. Clay mineralogy and mean grain size of sediments in eight cores
of Urmia Lake; reflect climatic conditions in this region. Relatively coarse sediments
usually deposited during Urmia Lake low stands and relatively fine sediments
deposited during high stands. The mineralogy of the clay-size fraction was determined
by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mineral assemblages display two climate conditions: Those
having large Kaolinite, quartz, and feldspar peaks but a small smectite peak
(interpreted to be cold times), and those with small Kaolinite, quartz and feldspar
peaks and a large smectite peak-(warm sediments). In addition, smectite content
correlate well with high mean grain size in Urmia Lake sediments, whereas sediments
rich in Kaolinite, quartz, and feldspar correlate well with finer mean grain size.
Chemical elements of the total sample are mainly of terrigenous origin, supplied by
“Discharge Rivers”, which discharges in Urmia Lake. Variations in clay mineralogy and
grain size didn’t indicate that the lake-level variations and nature of sediments
delivered to the lake vary in concert with global climate changes, recently. Human
activities such as Dams’ constructions and agriculture have probably induced
variations in the mobilization of chemical elements.
According to the Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, constructing
artificial island is permitted and countries can construct artificial islands in their own
territory. Constructing artificial islands in the Persian Gulf area makes the countries in
the region, especially Iran, to pursue the issue with more sensitivity. According to data
dissemination principle of International Environmental Law, the countries that
construct artificial islands should notify other states regarding construction and
properties of their own artificial islands. Today, artificial island construction is being
increased and this has caused many environmental crises including increase of water
darkness and pollution and transport of coastal sediments. In this study, the
destructive results of constructing artificial islands in the Persian Gulf environment,
the effect of development of new land space from geopolitical view, and also
constructing artificial islands from the viewpoint of International Law of the seas have
been reviewed. Moreover, according to the fact that the notion of governance in
modern International Law have been modified regarding the use of environment and
sustainable development, the states will have limited right to construct artificial
islands.
The use of biotechnology in the propagation of plantain and
banana (Musa sp.) of great importance to induce, tolerant to plant genotypes for
diseases and high yield potentials. However, auxins and cytokinins should be used,
which are expensive and can sometimes cause changes in the regenerants obtained.
Both traditional growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins) and non-traditional growth
regulators (brassinosteroid analogues and mixtures oligogalacturonide) are used in
the in vitro propagation of crops, but mush progress has been hindering due to the
sufficient knowledge and impact of different phases prevailing in the
micropropagation of banana hybrid 'FHIA-18' (AAAB) is present hitherto. This work
was performed in order to evaluate the biological activity of an analogue of
brassinosteroids (Biobras-6) *ABr+ and a mixture of oligogalacturonide with the degree
of polymerization between 9 and 16 (Pectimorf) *mOLG+. The effect of ABr and mOLG
are determined as a substitute or complement of auxin (IBA or IAA) and cytokinin (6-
BAP) for the establishment of in vitro multiplication and rooting of plantlets and in the
acclimatization phase. Non-traditional regulators phenolization decrease the explant
growth in the establishment phase of in vitro propagation; but increased the number
of shoots per explants (above 3.5) and improved survival of vitro plant during the
acclimatization phase.
Kumaun Himalaya, in the Indian Himalayan region, has a rich diversity of
medicinal plants, which are widely used in traditional medicinal systems. The present
paper concludes the diversity, vernacular names, associated authorship, ethnomedicinal
uses and use pattern, life form; plant part used and accession number of the
medicinal flora together. The paper describes distribution and local/traditional uses of
the 256 medicinal plants representing 96 families, in which pteridophytes were 1%,
trees were 18%, shrubs were 25%, herbs were 52%). Various plant parts used in
formulations, such as: underground part- 33%, leaves- 24%, whole plant- 11%, bark-
7%, seeds- 7%, resin /latex/oil- 4%, stem/ shoot/ wood- 4%, flowers and
inflorescences- 5%, fruits and nuts- 5% were used in different ailments.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of foliar application of seaweed extracts from Ulva fasciata on wheat (Triticum aestivum). Seaweed extracts were prepared at concentrations of 0% (control), 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% and applied as a foliar spray to wheat crops at three stages of growth. Results showed that application of a 2.5% seaweed extract concentration led to increased growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and seed germination compared to the control. Higher concentrations did not further increase yields and some parameters were lower than the control at the highest concentration. Therefore, foliar application of seaweed extracts has potential to enhance wheat yields when applied at
Cardiovascular diseases are considered as one of the threats to human
health, especially, in individuals with overweight. The aim of this study was to
investigate the effect of eight-week aerobic exercises in 10 to 12 years old overweight
girls. In this study, 27 overweight female student whit 10-12 years old were selected
and were randomly divided into two groups; a) training group (n=17) and b) control
group (n=10). Training group participated into the aerobic training for 8 weeks, with
70-85 percent of heart rate reserve maximum, 3 times a week and 60 minutes in each
session. The variables such as BF, BMI, WHR and VO2max, were measured in two
groups before and after the training period. The average of variables such as BF, BMI
and VO2max were significantly different between two groups (P<0.05). But the
average of WHR were not significantly different between two groups. According to
these results, aerobic exercise in 10-12 years old overweight girls, can have beneficial
effects on some cardiovascular risk factors.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The effect of different physical form feeds and stocking density on performance characteristics of carcass and immunity of broiler chickens
1. Article Citation:
Mohammad Mehdi Reyhani, Seyed Naser Mousavi, Ali Afsar and Hosein
Amirabdollahian
The effect of different physical form feeds and stocking density on performance
characteristics of carcass and immunity of broiler chickens
Journal of Research in Biology (2016) 6(7): 2110-2116
JournalofResearchinBiology
The effect of different physical form feeds and stocking density on
performance characteristics of carcass and immunity of broiler chickens
Keywords:
Broiler, density, mash, pellet, performance, stocking.
ABSTRACT:
The effect of different physical form feeds (pellet and mash) and stocking
density on the growth performance characteristics of carcass and immunity of Ross-
308 broiler chicks were studied. A total of 1800 one day-old ross-308 mixed-sex
broilers were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four
replicates of 75 birds each. They were arranged in a 2×3 factorial design: two feed
forms (mash and pellet) and three stocking density (10, 14 and 18 bird/m2
). Live body
Weight (LW), Weight Gain (WG), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)
were measured periodically (0-10, 11-24 and 25-42 days). Carcass components and
litter quality were recorded at the end of the trial (day 45). Also antibody titer against
SRBC, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were measured in 45 day of age. The highest
body weight in grower period was observed in the pellet diet form (p<0.05). Also the
highest Body Weight (BW) and Body Weight Gain (BWG) in the starter period was
observed in the lowest stocking density treatment (10 bird/m2
) (p<0.05). Physical form
of diet had no significant effect on feed intake, BW and FCR throughout the periods.
However the broiler feed intake was significantly influenced by stocking density and a
decrease in the high stocking density group (18 bird/m2
). Different types of feed and
stocking density had no significant effect on carcass characteristics, antibody titer and
H:L ratio. Use of pellet form diet and high stocking density treatment (18 bird/m2
)
significantly increased broiler litter moisture (P<0.05).
2110-2116 | JRB | 2016 | Vol 6 | No 7
This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/4.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution and
reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
www.jresearchbiology.com
Journal of Research in Biology
An International
Scientific Research Journal
Authors:
Mohammad Mehdi
Reyhani1
,
Seyed Naser Mousavi1
,
Ali Afsar2
and
Hosein Amirabdollahian3
Institution:
1. M.Sc. in Animal
Nutrition, Islamic Azad
University, Varamin Branch.
Iran.
2. Ph.D in animal nutrition,
Islamic Azad University,
Varamin Branch. Iran.
3. M.Sc. in Poultry Breeding
and Production
Management, Islamic Azad
University, Garmsar Branch.
Iran.
Corresponding author:
Mohammad Mehdi
Reyhani
Email Id:
Web Address:
http://jresearchbiology.com/
documents/RA0623.pdf
Dates:
Received: 27 Aug 2016 Accepted: 12 Sep 2016 Published: 12 Oct 2016
Original Research
Journal of Research in Biology
An International Scientific Research Journal
ISSN No: Print: 2231 –6280; Online: 2231- 6299
2. INTRODUCTION
Feed constitutes around 60-70 percent of the total
cost of broiler production and different commercial feed
form (mash, crumble and pellet) are delivered in poultry
industry (Banerjee, 1998). The effective utilization of
feed is critical in broiler production. Mash is a finely
ground and blended feed that gives more prominent
unification of growth and is more economical. Pellet is a
type of complete feed that is compacted and expelled to
around 1.8 inch in diameter and 1.4 inch in long
(Banerjee, 1998). Pelleting of feed has a few advantages:
expanding the mass thickness of feed and enhancing feed
flow capacity. Be that as it may, by and large, pellet or
crumble costs somewhat more than a similar proportion
in mash form.
Contrasted with mash, pellets enhance bird
performance by diminishing feed wastage, mitigating
selective feeding, destroying pathogens, enhancing
palatability and expanding nutrient digestibility. Some
disadvantages of the pellet are pelleting costs about 10%
more than producing mash feed and the litter moisture
increase when the feed pellets are used (Jahan et al.,
2006). Previously, Mingbin et al., (2015) reported higher
average daily gain and average daily feed intake for birds
fed with the crumble-pellet diets than for those fed the
mash diets during starter, grower and the entire
experimental period. Chewning et al. (2012) announced
that broilers fed pelleted diets have higher BW and
enhanced feed conversion than those fed mash feed.
However, feeding pelleted apportions isn't sufficient to
guarantee upgraded performance of poultry. The nature
of pellets must be considered too.
Stocking density assumes a critical part in broiler
production. Higher mortality, bring down meat
production, more noteworthy rate of leg disorders and
cannibalism happen at higher stocking densities in
broilers. Negative impacts of high stocking densities on
broiler performance have been accounted for in past
investigations (Dozier et al., 2005 and 2006).
A lessening in the wind stream at the bird level, which
happened at the high stocking densities, could diminish
the dispersal of body heat to the air. A lessening in
access to water and feed, enhancement ammonia and an
unfavorable air quality as a result of reduced air
exchange are different components that could adversely
impact bird performance. (Feddes et al., 2002). Also,
high stocking densities make a strees condition for bird
and may decrease immune function, too. Eriflir et al.
(2002) detailed that there was a critical difference in
immune response with an expansion in stocking density
in Japanese quails.
The objective of this study was to investigate the
effects of feed form (mash and pellet) and different
stocking density (10, 14 and 18 bird/m2
) on the
performance, immunity and carcass characteristics of the
broiler chickens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiment was divided into three phases,
i.e., starter (d 1 to 10), grower (d 11 to 24) and finisher (d
25 to 45). A sum of 1800 one day-old Ross 308 blended
sex broiler were utilized as a part of a completely
randomized design with six treatments and four
duplicates of 75 birds each. They were arranged in a 2×3
factorial design: two feed forms (mash and pellet) and
three stocking density (10, 14 and 18 bird/m2
). Initial
room temperature was 34°C and was then diminished by
2°C every week until the point that a temperature of
26°C was accomplished. Feed and water were provided
ad libitum. On day 1, 11, 25 and 45, chicks were
weighed by pen and feed consumption was recorded.
Body Weight (BW), Body Weight Gain (BWG), Feed
Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) including
mortality weight, were calculated for each phase. The
compositions of the experimental diets are presented in
Table 1.
On day 45, four birds per treatment were
randomly selected, weighed and then killed. After
Reyhani et al., 2016
2111 Journal of Research in Biology (2016) 6(7): 2110-2116
3. removal of feathers, feet and head, carcass yield was
determined. Cut-up parts such as thigh, breast, thigh,
back neck and abdominal fat were weighed. Meanwhile,
gizzard, small intestine, heart, liver, spleen and bursa of
fabricius were removed and weighed. Blood samples
were collected at the 45th
day of the study. A total of 8
arbitrarily chosen chickens from each group were
tenderly expelled from their rooms and blood samples
(0.5 ml) were taken into EDTA tubes for heterophil and
lymphocyte counts. Blood smears were prepared
utilizing May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain, and heterophil
and lymphocytes were checked to total of 60 cells.
(Gross and Siegel, 1983). The serum of blood samples in
the second tube was separated and used to measure
antibody titer against SRBC by ELISA. Antibody titer
data were logarithmically transformed before analyses.
For the litter quality measurement, litter samples were
collected from four points of each replicate and their
moisture were measured with oven dray method (1050C
for 24h). Data were subjected to 2-way ANOVA by
using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, 2005).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of broiler performance as affected by
physical form of feed and stocking density are shown in
Table 2. Body weight was significantly affected by
physical form and stocking density (p<0.05). The highest
body weight in grower period was observed in pellet diet
form (p<0.05). Also, the highest Body Weight (BW) and
Journal of Research in Biology (2016) 6(7): 2110-2116 2112
Reyhani et al., 2016
Ingredients Starter (0-10) Grower (11-24) Finisher (25-42)S. No
Maize 48.53 48.94 52.931
Soybean meal 36.5 30.16 25.32
Wheat 8 15 153
Soybean oil 1.86 1.56 2.524
CaCO3 1.74 1.44 1.435
Monocalcium phosphate 1.53 1.35 1.276
Common salt 0.32 0.27 0.2377
NaHCO3 0.1 0.1 0.158
DL-Methionine 0.32 0.25 0.239
Lysine hydrochloride 0.22 0.16 0.17410
Threonine 0.09 0.06 0.0611
Vitamin1
and Mineral2
Premix
0.3 0.3 0.312
Choline chloride 0.1 0.08 0.0713
Plate binder 0.2 0.15 0.1514
Coccidio acetate 0.025 0.025 0.02515
Sorbatox 0.05 0.05 0.0516
Lupeol 0.1 0.1 0.117
Digestrom 0.012 0.012 0.01218
Total 100 100 100
Table 1. Composition of the experimental diets
1. The vitamin premix supplied the following per kilogram of diet: vitamin A (retinyl acetate), 8,000 IU; vitamin D3,
1,000 IU; vitamin E (dl-α tocopherol), 30 IU; vitamin K3, 2.5 mg; vitamin B1, 2 mg; vitamin B2, 5 mg; vitamin B6, 2
mg; vitamin B12, 0.01 mg; niacin, 30 mg; d-biotin, 0.045 mg; vitamin C, 50 mg; d-pantothenate, 8 mg, folic acid, 0.5
mg.
2. The mineral premix supplied the following per kilogram of diet: Mn, 70 mg; Fe, 35 mg; Zn, 70 mg; Cu, 8 mg;
I, 1 mg, Se, 0.25 mg; Co, 0.2 mg
4. Reyhani et al., 2016
2113 Journal of Research in Biology (2016) 6(7): 2110-2116
BodyWeight(BW)BodyWeightGain(BWG)FeedintakeFeedconversionratio
0-1111-2525-450-1111-2525-451-450-1111-2525-451-450-1111-2525-451-45
Feed
Form
Mash260.5764.7b
2523.2221.1504.21758.52485.7314.1806.83571.54692.61.41.62.021.8
Pellet269.8816.6a
2608.7230.3547.51791.12569.1317.5820.835654703.41.31.51.91.8
SEM4.514.549.24.215.552.549.26.421113.2111.40.030.040.030.02
Stoking
Density
10276.0a
7872573.1237.1a
5111786.12537.1341.8b
845.13522.64692.71.41.61.91.8
14269.87ab
783.82533.3229.5ab
5141748.12491.7323.3b
806.23519.54648.81.41.52.011.8
18249.6a
801.22591.5210.5b
552.71790.22553.5282.4b
807.13662.74752.41.31.42.041.8
SEM5.517.860.35.119.0864.360.27.825.7138.7136.40.030.050.040.02
Mash10267.7752.72502.5228.54851749.724.69346.6808.73407.54563.21.51.61.91.8
Pellet10284.2821.22643.7245.75371822.52605.2337.1847.53637.74822.31.31.51.91.8
Mash14271.0739.72509.7231.07468.717702469312.1792.53666.74771.11.31.62.061.9
Pellet14268.78282557228.1559.21726.22513.7334.38203372.24526.31.41.41.91.8
Mash18242.7801.72557.5203.85591755.72518.6283.6819.23640.24743.21.31.52.061.8
Pellet18256.5800.72625.5217.1546.51824.72588.3281.37953685.24761.61.31.42.011.8
SEM7.825.285.37.2826.990.985.21136.3196.21930.050.080.050.04
Table2.Effectofdifferentfeedform(mashandpellet)andstockingdensityonbroilerperformance
a,bMeansincolumnnotsharingacommonsuperscriptaresignificantlydifferent(P<0.05)
5. Body Weight Gain (BWG) in starter period was
observed in the lowest stocking density treatment (10
bird/m2
) (p<0.05). Physical form of diet had no
significant effect on feed intake, BW and Feed
Conversion Ratio (FCR) throughout the periods.
However the broiler feed intake was significantly
influenced by stocking density and the decrease in the
high stocking density group (18 bird/m2
).
Similarly, Mingbin et al. (2015) indicated that
the use of pellet form in broiler diet had positive effects
on body weight. However, the pellet form diet had no
significant effect on other performance parameters
(BWG, feed intake and FCR). These results were in
agreement with Salari et al. (2006), who found that the
form of diet and particle size had no significant effect on
weight gain and dry matter intake. This observation
suggested that high pellet quality may be necessary to
fully obtain benefits of pelleting. Birds at normal
stocking density (10 birds/m2
) resulted in better body
weight in starter period compared with the high stocking
density (18 birds/m2
). This indicates to a greater degree
of stress on the performance. However, other
performance parameters in other periods weren’t affected
by different stocking density. Additionally, Buijs et al.
(2009) detailed that at body weight 39 days of age was
not significant between birds raised at various stocking
densities (6, 15, 23, 33, 35, 41, 47 and 56 kg /m2
).
Interestingly, Houshmand et al. (2012) revealed that
amid the growing stage (22-42 days) broilers raised at a
high density had a inferior FCR contrasted and birds
housed at normal density.
As shown in Table 3, all carcass parameters
(carcass, breast, thigh, back and neck), abdominal fat,
some inner organ weight (small intestine, heart, liver,
spleen and bursa of Fabricius) except for the gizzard
percent weight were not significantly (p>0.05)
influenced by the form of the diet and different stocking
density. Use of mash diet significantly increased the
gizzard percent weight (p<0.05). A similar observation
was also recorded by Ravindran and Thomas (2004) who
reported that carcass characteristics weren’t affected by
stocking density. Previously, Ghorbani et al. (2012)
Journal of Research in Biology (2016) 6(7): 2110-2116 2114
Reyhani et al., 2016
Treatment Breast Thigh Back Gizzard
Small
intestine
Abdominal
fat
Heart Liver Spleen Bursa
Feed form Mash 20.19 20.66 16.03 1.92a
1.78 1.45 2.02 2.31 0.1 0.11
Pellet 20.53 20.33 15.97 1.65b
1.89 1.48 0.53 2.24 0.1 0.11
SEM 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.04 0.03 0.07 1.00 0.03 0.03 0
Stock
density
10 20.45 20.57 15.96 1.75 1.88 1.44 0.66 2.21 0.09 0.12
14 20.55 20.50 15.49 1.80 1.80 1.46 2.7 2.29 0.1 0.11
18 20.07 20.42 16.54 1.80 1.82 1.5 0.4 2.32 0.1 0.11
SEM 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.05 0.03 0.08 1.2 0.04 0.0 0.0
Interaction
Mash 10 20.1 20.70 15.89 1.89 1.87 1.44 0.72 2.28 0.10 0.12
Pellet 10 20.8 20.44 16.04 1.61 1.89 1.43 0.60 2.15 0.09 0.11
Mash 14 20.93 21.04 15.65 2.01 1.71 1.38 4.96 2.36 0.09 0.11
Pellet 14 20.18 19.96 15.33 1.59 1.88 1.53 0.48 2.23 0.10 0.11
Mash 18 19.53 20.24 16.56 1.85 1.75 1.51 0.37 2.28 0.10 0.11
Pellet 18 20.60 20.59 16.53 1.75 1.89 1.49 0.52 2.35 0.10 0.11
SEM 0.54 0.29 0.61 0.07 0.05 0.12 1.76 0.06 0.005 0.001
a, b Means in column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different (p<0.05)
Table 3. Effect of different feed form (mash and pellet) and stocking density on carcass characteristics and
some inner organ weight (%)
6. reported that the relative weight of gizzard increases by
mash diet in compared with pellet form diet. The
increase in relative weight of gizzard may enhance the
digestive capacity of broilers.
Mean antibody titers to sheep red blood cell, H:
L ratio and litter moisture are presented in Table 4.
Different physical feed type and stocking density had no
significant effect on the antibody titers to sheep red
blood and H/L ratio in the broiler chicks. However the
litter moisture was significantly influenced by treatments
(p<0.05). Use of pellet form diet and high stocking
density treatment (18 bird/m2
) significantly increased
broiler litter moisture (P<0.05). The H:L proportion is a
typical marker of stress in poultry (Heckert et al. 2002),
and the blood leukocyte profile is impacted by stress.
Decrease in the quantities of lymphocytes and monocytes
and improvement in the quantities of heterophils, which
prompts a higher H:L proportion, have been accounted
for stressed animals (Stevenson and Taylor, 1988).
Previously, Houshmand et al. (2012) reported that
density had no significant effect on the heterophil:
lymphocyte ratio too. In high stocking density, especially
in hot and wet weather, litter moisture also gets increased
and causes the increase in bacterial activity and ammonia
production. Increased mortality can be explained by
decreased animal welfare, such as bad air and litter
quality, poor immune response, and poor feed intake.
Litter quality has a large effect on dermatitis (Haslam et
al., 2006).
CONCLUSIONS
Results showed that the use of pellet form diet
and normal stocking density (10 bird/m2
) can improve
broiler body weight and litter quality.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We sincerely thank the members of animal
science department of Islamic Azad University, Varamin
branch, Tehran, Iran.
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2115 Journal of Research in Biology (2016) 6(7): 2110-2116
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