The document discusses several topics related to housing: 1. It defines housing and what it provides like shelter, safety, and comfort. 2. It discusses the classification of housing by type, size, amenities, location, ownership, and other features. 3. It presents the five dimensions of global housing - integrated housing framework, inclusive housing, affordable housing, adequate housing, and informal settlement upgrading.

1. HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
HSTU ,DINAJPUR, BANGLADESH
PRESENTATION ON HOUSING
DEPARTMENT OF
ARCHITECTURE
BATCH-2014

2. Housing is one of the most important life components giving shelter,safety and warmth, as
well as providing a place to rest.
A house is a shelter for rest, safety, and comfort; and for protection from enemies
and vagaries of climate. It includes space for rest, sleeping, cooking, and
bathing. By housing it is meant not only a mere form of shelter but also it
includes those qualities of comfort, convenience and amenities, which are
essential for emotional and social well being of families. It serves for a family as
a center of total residential environment. Thus the total community is the critical
variable and just not a series of house.
Housing has an essential role in economic development of each country, accounting
for 10‒20 % of total economical activity in the country, as well as being to be the
biggest fixed asset of households (European Commission, 2005).

3. The housing is classified by the housing type, size, housing amenities, location, group of
population living in the housing, type of ownership rights, construction period of the housing,
energy efficiency indicators; construction materials used in the exterior wall of the housing and
by other features
Type of housing classification Characteristics
By housing type
Room in the apartment
Apartment in multi-apartment residential
building or nonresidential building
Multi-apartment residential building
Family house
Other
HOUSING CLASSIFICATION

4. By housing size One room
One-room apartment
Two-room apartment
Three-room apartment, and more
Family house
Other
By housing amenities Housing with all amenities.
Housing with part of amenities
Housing without amenities
By housing location
Housing in a city
Housing in rural territory

5. By group of population
living in the housing
State-owned housing
Municipality-owned housing
Natural person’s owned housing
Legal person’s owned housing
Other
By construction period of
the housing
Housing build before World War II
Housing built from 1945 to 1990
Housing built from 1990 until now
By energy efficiency
indicators of housing
Minimum regulatory energy performance level
allowed for new
buildings
Minimum regulatory energy performance level
allowed for
reconstructed or renovated buildings
Almost zero energy consumption housing
Othe

6. By type of housing
ownership rights
State-owned housing
Municipality-owned housing
Natural person’s owned housing
Legal person’s owned housing
Other
By construction materials
used in the exterior wall of
the housing
Brick wall
Wood
Brick/panel
Reinforced concrete / concrete
Lightweight concrete
Wood/masonry
Other.

7. THE FIVE DIMENSIONS OF GLOBAL HOUSING
1.An integrated housing framework,
Managing investment and to improve livability and accessibility within urban areas;
Participatory processes, fair housing policies, and to address housing for special needs groups;
4.Adequate housing,
5.Informal settlement upgrading
Improve affordability, revenue and capital generating policies and to limit property speculation;
Improve habitability access to basic services legal right to secure tenure .
Neighborhood upgrading programs and incremental housing in informal settlements.
3.Affordable housing,
2.Inclusive housing,

8. 1.Integrated housing framework
 Embedding of housing into urban plans
 Both citywide and national sectorial investment strategies
As they relate to
 urban services
 land use
 transportation and
 environmental sustainability
 to improve livability and accessibility within urban areas.
2.Inclusive housing
 Participatory processes
 Fair housing policies
 Address housing for special needs groups
THE FIVE DIMENSIONS OF GLOBAL HOUSING

9. 3. Affordable housing
 Improve affordability of home ownership
 Subsidy policies to enable low-income households to rent or own adequate housing
 Revenue and capital generating policies
 Mechanisms that limit property speculation
As they relate to
 urban services
 land use
 transportation and
 environmental sustainability
4. Adequate housing
 Participatory processes
 Fair housing policies
 Address housing
 Ensuring habitability (protection from natural elements, hazards, and disease)
 Access to basic services
(including to water, sanitation, lighting, electricity, and garbage disposal)using for special needs groups

10. 5. Informal settlement upgrading
 Support of neighborhood upgrading programs
 Protection of incremental housing

11. Background: Belapur incremental housing project - a proposal for mass affordable housing in New
Bombay (Navi Mumbai), which demonstrated how high densities could be achieved with low-rise
courtyard homes, built with simple materials at a human scale.
Location Map :
Location :
Dr SM Rd, Artist Village,
Sector 8, CBD Belapur, Navi
Mumbai, India.
PROJECT NAME: INCREMENTAL HOUSING, CBD BELAPUR.
Architect : Charles Correa
Integrated Housing

12. 52%40%
8%
Site area 6 Acre.
Project demonstrates how high density housing (500 people
per hectare) can be achieved in a low-rise typology, while
including (open to sky spaces) and services, like schools, that
the community requires
Overriding principle - to give each unit its own site to allow for
expansion ( Incrementality )
550 families were planned for in a 6-acre area limitation.
Density 475 people per acre.
Master Plan
Built
Open space
Road
Built
Open space
Road

13. Proposed
Built
Distributor Road
Pedestrian

14. Land use Pattern Built-Unbuilt
Residence
Service
Private courtyard
Built
Private courtyard
Unbuilt
60%
40%
60%
40%

15. Outdoor Semi Outdoor Private
Service
 The project is generated by a hierarchy of spaces.
 Subsequently, seven units are grouped to form a small
courtyard town of about 8m x 8m.
 Three of these groups form a module of twenty-one
homes that describes the collective space of the next
scale (approximately 12m x 12m).
Unit Organized Scheme
1x7 1x7x3
Zoning
Hierarchy

16. House Type
The footprint of each plan varies little in size from 45 sq. m(485sqf.). The larger unit’s built-up area is approximately 75 sq. m
(807sqf.)on a plot of 66sqf(710sqf.).

17. Zoning & Circulation
Living zone Service zone Open zone
Living zone Service zone Open zone
Ground floor zoning
1st floor zoning
Zoning Type A Circulation
Zoning Type E Circulation

18. Space Organization
Service Living Court Future Extension
Entry
Kitchen
Room
W.C
Court
Veranda
Terrace

19. Space Organization Direct light
Diffuse light

20. • TECHNOLOGY: external walls of brick; roof structure covered with wooden shingles.
• MATERIALS: brick, plaster of white color, colorful wooden fixtures, outdoor paving stone blocks.
• Individual houses rely on simple floor plans and building methods, enabling local masons and craftspeople to
construct them
Structure

22. the commitment to support participatory processes, fair housing
policies, and to address housing for special needs groups;
Inclusive housing was created with the goal of helping gender variant students ,as
well as lesbian ,gay, bisexual ,transitioning and questioning student ,experience a
greater sense of safety and belonging in NMSUs residential communities .
Inclusive Housing

23. Mabuhay Court AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR SENIORS
Project Data Mabuhay Court – completed in 2002 – is located at 488 North Sixth Street, San Jose,
California and was designed by David Baker Architects for Bridge Housing (San Francisco, CA)
This senior housing development – serving low-income and extremely
low-income seniors 55 years and above – is an example of smart
growth, and is located on an urban, brown field site. It replaced a
municipal maintenance yard and a small outdated community building in
a historic neighborhood.
Apartments feature balconies, stoops, and gardens that echo those of
adjacent homes.
96 Total Units: Studio – 19,1 Bedroom – 61 ,2 Bedroom - 16
Total square footage: 110,722sf (Housing =68,104sf; Underground
Garage=27,200sf; Community Center=15,418sf)
Acreage: Site is 1.7 Acres (56 units per acre)
ONE BEDROOM & STUDIO INTERLOCKED PLAN
TOW BEDROOM & STUDIO INTERLOCKED PLAN

24. Home Qualities
 -Apartments have private balconies and porches linked to
walk-up stoops, refl ecting the homes across the street from
the development.
 - Each apartment has private open space at the internal entry
and with the porch and balconies externally.
 - Stoops connect to the neighborhood and help reinforce the
sense of independence for the
residents.
 -Generous windows provide light into spaces making them
feel larger.
Financing/cost: The total cost of the projects was 18.6 million with
most of the funding
coming from the Low Income Housing Tax Credit Equity and San
Jose Regional Development Authority (RDA) set-aside funds. The
predominant expenses of the development were in soft and hard
costs and land acquisition.

25. Sustainability
Several best practices for building sustainability were
incorporated into this project such as high
R-value insulation with a tight building envelope, shading for
windows with southern exposure and the
use of low-E glass and effi cient compact fluorescent lights.
The project exceeds the California standard Title 24 by 20
percent and meets Energy Star home standards. Their strategy
of combining the design and construction of the community
center and apartments into one project also allowed for more effi
ciencies in the construction process because of shared systems
and resources. One result of this tactic was a 50 percent
construction waste diversion.Social and cultural sustainability is
promoted by the proximity of the development near public transit
and the ability for pedestrian access to many medical services
and cultural amenities. The community center provides for
intergenerational connections within the neighborhood

26. Context + Community
Community spaces: 16,000 sf adjacent community center containing multi-purpose room, commercial kitchen, library,
classroom and medical offices.
Open space: Public park on corner of Sixth & Empire Streets ,which connects the site to the larger context, and an internal
semi-public terraced courtyard wrapped by the living units.
Connections: The location of the community center nearby downtown San Jose and close to the Japan Town neighborhood,
minimizes car use, as seniors from the adjacent housing and the greater community can easily access the center from their
homes or by public transportation. The design works to create a connection to the outdoors with a high percentage of open
space given the unitdensity.
Support: Cooking classes to help teach nutrition and fi amical skills; staff that provides 100 meals per day; exercise
opportunities, intergenerational social network. Classes and workshops for line dancing, karaoke, tai chi, yoga, conversational
English, Chinese calligraphy, Red Cross Disaster Preparedness, and American Legion meetings. Access to these services
enhance both the physical and mental wellbeing of the residents.
Public transportation: The site is within 1000 feet of public transportation and everyday shopping and/or medical services. The
project offers transport to nearby shopping, medical and cultural amenities. There are bus stops on both sides of the
development.

27. Planning: Living units are in an L-Shaped form wrapped around
a central courtyard. The Community Center provides a formal
break between the diagonal open space of the public park and
the semi-private courtyard with its location between both outdoor
spaces. With the community center, the form becomes a U-shape
allowing several perforations for entry and circulation.
Circulation: Double-loaded corridor inside building. Two
thresholds of access to internal courtyard, one each from Empire
and Sixth Streets.
Sq ft/units:
• Studio: Larger version 470 sf ; smaller version 340 sf
• 1 Bedroom: Larger version 535 sf; smaller version 504 sf
• 2 Bedroom: 650 sf
Parking: 77 spaces (0.8 per unit); underground; half-level
depressed concrete garage
• use of long-term/long lasting building materials including concrete and stucco
• recycled wood for common area furnishing
• use of renewable resources such as bamboo in the building fi nishes
• recycled content carpet; carpet tiles to allow for small replacements as needed
• concrete fl ooring
• rough-hewn wood stoops and trellises
• tile roofs
Organization
Materials + Assemblies

28. the adoption of policies and measures to improve affordability of
home ownership; subsidy policies to enable low-income households to rent or own
adequate housing; revenue and capital generating policies, and mechanisms that limit
property speculation;
1. Inspire Leadership
2. Build Community Support and Trust
3. Learn the Alphabet . . . and Do the Math
4. Know Your Market and Your Customers
5. Nurture Partnership
6. Select Sites for Opportunity and Choice
7. Strive for Healthy, Balanced Communities
8. Use Design to Foster Community, Safety, and Pride
9. Empower the Residents
10.Orchestrate Sustainability
Ten Principles for Developing Affordable Housing
Affordable Housing

29. Affordable housing
Project Name:Seikh Sarai Housing
Project Location:Sheikh Sarai, New Delhi, India .built 1982
Area:35 acres
Density:100 aptmts/ha
Toatal no. of units: 550
Architect: Raj Rewal
Client:DDA( Delhi Development Authority)
Uploaded by:Arshia Chaudhn
Low-rise density housing developed in 1982, for DDA producing 550 of affordable housing
centred around a self-financing-scheme(SFS).developed in a pre-existing dense urban
fabric,the development is a part of a key housing program for the meddle income groups
located between a densely populated residential area in south delhi. The development is
half mile from major vehicular arteries of the city with quick access to all modes of
transportation. close proximity of this artery allows easy access to most of the key areas
within the city.

30. TARGET AUDIENCE -Affordable Housing built for medium and low income
Groups (M.I.G=annual income ~ 4000$-16000 $)
• COMMUNITY SPACES – Fostering shared spaces for the community by
creating intimate courtyards connected to each other, representing the
traditional elements of Indian Architecture. The scale of these courtyards
has been Manipulated towards increased social activities and interaction
amongst the resident community, serving as social facilitators.
• AFFORDABILITY -A new financial scheme was developed for this particular
case which helped subsidize the housing units for the users . In the SelfFinancing-scheme,
the alottees had to pay in 5 instalments over the period of
the construction phase. This allowed the housing authority to create mix of
units and make the project more economically viable. -The use of locally
available material was intrinsic to the nature of project and to further bring
down the cost of the project. The structure comprised of concrete posts and
beams with infill brick walls covered with rough cast plaster. This gave the
user the flexibility to modify as well

31. COMPOSITION ACCOMMODATIONS : There are 6 different types of unit, regrouped
mirroring blocks along 2assi prevalent, ranging in area 70-120sqm, were organized
into two distinct clusters, three and four storeys in height.
• The main type (B2) comprises 4 floors and consists of the following environments:
• - Living area, overlooking 2 fronts
• - Service areas and kitchen
• - Sleeping area
• - Terraces.
• Each floor has one apartment, except for the top two
floors of the relevance of a just accommodation.
• The accesses to spaces occur within the spaces cortilizi
through a lifts.
TECHNOLOGY: load-bearing structure of beams and columns
of reinforced concrete with brick collision.
MATERIALS USED: - surface coating in plaster with powdered
slate, finishing in therough, white colour.
• - Wood frames with white colour
• - External paving blocks of local stone

32. Adequate Housing
.
Portland Courtyard Housing,
Portland Oregon, 2007
ACME Architecture (Keith Rivera,
Kristin Anderson)
Mixed-Income Housing
SUSTAINABILITY:
Natural ventilation, solar panels
Porous concrete and planted basin
Universal design-housing for all
ages
Mixed-income strategy
Automobiles-porous concrete
CONNECTIONS:
Universal access
Public courtyard connects to street
Individual housing entrances
Circulation plan: central court
OPEN SPACES:
Central courtyard=social interaction
Garden has shading and seats
Houses have individual lots
CONTEXT:
Urban infill
House setbacks match surroundings
Scaled to other buildings
Familiar materials

33. HOME QUALITIES:
Individual units strongly defined
Private and public zones
Porches and volumes highlight
individual
units
Layered connection to the
street=safety
Efficient heating and cooling
Considerations for Stone’s Warehouse:
-Urban infill, neighborhood site
-Good example for Raleigh planners-
clear
guidelines and good proposal format
-Mixed income strategy
-Sustainable design-ventilation, solar
-Automobile/pedestrian spaces

34. BANGLADESH NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY ELEMENTS
 Land
 Infrastructure
 Building Materials and Technology
 Finance
 Legal and Regulatory Framework:
The policy created by a government outlining the vision, aims and specific detail of how it will create
and provide an affordable variety of housing to meet the current and future need including financial
support .It may be defined as government action to achieve housing objectives. These objectives
could include the improvement of the quality of the housing stock of dwellings or dealing with
homelessness.
Housing policy…..

35. Land
• Increase the supply of serviced land
• Increase access of the poorer sections to affordable serviced land located near the work
• Encourage the involvement of the private sector in land development, infrastructure development and construction.
• maximize the availability of housing per unit of land.
Infrastructure:
• Increase investment by national and local government agencies to improve the availability of services in different settlements;
• Promote a balanced pattern of urbanization trough a policy of decentralization .
• Make necessary investments for potable water supply and basic sanitation
• Increase investments in public transport and traffic network to improve mobility of people
• Provide opportunity for community participation and recognize people's initiative.
Building Materials and Technology
• Increase production and availability of conventional materials like cement, steel and bricks and traditional materials like brick tiles for building materials
• Incorporate the low cost technologies and materials conforming to standards and quality of construction
• Individual will work as a decision maker and builder
Finance:
• Bangladesh bank will facilitate the promotion and regulation of housing finance institutions in the public and private sector
• Introduce measures to make the housing finance system as a whole self-financing and capable of meeting the needs of
different income groups with longer repayment periods graduated payments and simplified procedures
• co-operative housing movement, especially, for lower and middle income groups.
• Promote to ensure the success of private Sector housing finance.

36. • A housing finance is refers to finance provided to individuals or group of individuals including co-operative
societies for purchase/build house or houses.
• The R.B.I. has states that banks are free to decide the guidelines on accepts such as age of dwelling units,
repayment schedules, margin and security with the approved of their board.
Housing Finance

37. Housing Finance : Types

38. Housing policies of Bangladesh
After the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, Bangladesh Government formulated five year plans for
planned development of the country. Housing policies are incorporated in these five year plans. The first
five year plan is formulated for the period of 1973-78.
 - Building of multistoried apartment houses in the urban areas (for low and lower middle income
groups) in the public sector.
 - Building of minimum shelter in a planned environment.
 - Developing “sites and services schemes” through urban development agencies and local bodies for
private apartment houses.
 - Organizing and financing of cooperative apartment houses.
 - Providing a planned environment for temporary settlements, as a
temporary measure with a view to develop these into proper housing
estates in future.
First five year plan(1973-78)

39. Second five year plan(1981-85)
 - Construction of large number of low-cost semi-permanent housing units, which would require less time and
resources, to fill in the shortfall of public servants’ housing.
 - Provision of developed land, with utilities and easy terms of finance.
 - Changing of present entitlement of residential accommodation, with a view to providing more accommodation
units within the available resources.
 - Lowering and standardizing the specification for structures, fittings and finishes to reduced cost.
 - Provision of small sized serviced plots with nucleus units to government employees on hire purchase basis.
 - Provision of suitable land, with utilities and services, and easy terms of finance to government, and semi
government employees to help them build their own houses.

40. National housing policy, 1993
The objectives of the national housing policy are to:
 - Make housing accessible to all strata of the society and to accelerate housing production in urban and rural areas,
with major emphasis on the needs of the low and middle-income groups. The high priority target groups will be the
disadvantaged, the destitute, and the shelter-less poor.
 -Make land available in suitable locations, and at affordable prices for various target groups, especially for the low
and middle income people.
 - Develop effective strategies to reduce the growth of slums, unauthorized constructions, encroachments, and shanty
dwellings, and to improve the existing housing stock environmentally and, where possible, to relocate
them in suitable places.
 - Rehabilitate disaster affected households, and houses affected by accidental fire.
 - Make an effective implementation of the housing programs, promote the use of locally available materials and
construction techniques, and to increase production of forest based building materials such as timber, bamboo, and
grass. Attempts will be made to develop alternative and durable building materials, based on locally available inputs.

41.  -Develop institutional and legal framework to facilitate housing
 - Improve and enhance the character, quality and environment of the existing residential areas.
 - Develop new strategies, and revise existing housing policies from time to time to cope with the emerging
housing needs, and problems in the country;
 - Undertake action oriented research in different aspects of housing, particularly to reduce house building
costs and rents.
 - Develop a proper tax base to promote housing

42. Linkages between Housing Policy and the New Urban Agenda
• The linkages between housing and social cohesion are critical for responding to the
housing needs of low-income residents, Social Cohesion integrating refugees, and
ensuring safety.
• Governments must have sufficient resources and accountability to provide housing
services. Collaboration between levels of government, along with civil society and
housing developers, will optimize affordable housing production.
• Regulatory constraints on land supply—land allocation practices, density thresholds,
floor-area ratios, and plots sizes—have large implications on the supply of affordable
housing. Expanding housing options in city centers can limit urban sprawl.
• Effective and efficient housing policies can expand employment in the building sector
and increase employment. Housing programs should foster local economic development
through live/work housing options and neighborhood revitalization. Proper location
and siting of housing programs could improve the functioning of the urban economy
and labor markets.
• To build resilience, governments must design programs to reduce the vulnerability of
housing, including enforcing building codes. Efforts to encourage medium and high-
density housing will reduce transportation costs and air pollution