Mr. Sourav Mankotia
Mechanical Engineering
IV Semester
CCET Sec-26

Welcome
It is my greatest pleasure to welcome
one and all present here to view my
PPT presentation on
“WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA”

Women Empowerment
• Women Empowerment refers to increasing the spiritual,
political, social, educational, gender, or economic strength
of individuals and communities of women.
• Women’s empowerment in India is heavily
dependent on many different variables that include geographical
location (urban/rural), educational status, social status (caste and
class), and age.

• The main problems that were faced by women
in past days (and still today up to some extent):
• Gender discrimination
• Woman education
• Female infanticide
• Dowry
• Marriage in same caste and child marriage(still existing)
• Atrocities on Women: Raped, kicked, killed, subdued &
humiliated almost daily.

NEED FOR WOMEN
EMPOWERMNENT:
IN NOWADAYS WOMEN ARE DEPRIVED OF:
Decision making power Freedom of movement Access to education
Access to Employment Exposure to media Domestic Violence

Decision making power :
• Among those who have earnings, more women (1
in 5) than men (1 in 18) do not have a major say
in how their own earnings are used and fewer
women (about 7 in 10) than men (about 9 in 10
men) have a major say in how their spouses'
earnings are used.
• Women who earn about the same as their
husbands are more likely to have a major say in
the use of their husbands’ earnings than both
women who earn less than their husbands and who
earn more than their husbands.
• And due to gender discrimination in some areas
of India women is not able to give there opinions,
can’t be able to make their own decision of their
life.

Freedom of Movement :
• Women’s freedom of movement is severely
curtailed: only one in three are allowed to
go alone to the market, the health center,
and outside the community.
• Women are the other face of goddess and
it also looks like similar that in temple
there is a statue which does not move from
its place and in home the women can’t go
easily any where they want.
• But nowadays Nari-shakti is getting
stronger, they are equally participating
with men in every field.

Access to Education :
•Children’s school attendance
 Only two-thirds of girls and three-fourths of boys age 6-17
years are attending school. The sex ratio of children attending
school is 889 girls per 1,000 boys.
•Literacy and educational attainment among adults
 Forty-one percent of women age 15-49 have never been to
school.
 Educational attainment remains very low: even among the
20-29 age group, only 27% of women have 10 or more years of
education.
 The percentage of ever-married women with 10 or more
years of education has risen very slowly from 11% in NFHS-1
to 17% in NFHS-3.

Access to Employment :
 Women age 15-49 are about half as likely as men in
the same age group to be employed: 43% vs. 87%.
 The relationship of employment and wealth for
women suggests that, for many women, employment is
largely a result of economic necessity.
 Even with controls for education, age, and wealth,
marriage is negatively associated with a woman’s
likelihood of being employed and is positively
associated with a man’s likelihood of being employed.
 Most employed women work for someone else, away
from home, and continuously throughout the year;
about one in three women do not receive monetary
compensation for their work or receive at least part of
their payment in kind.
 Most employed women work in agriculture; only 7%
work in professional, technical, or managerial
occupations.

Exposure to Media :
• Women have lower access to media than men in every age
group.
• About 71 per cent of women are exposed to media as compared to 88 %
in case of men.
• 29% of women do not have access to media regularly. Since it is an
important source of empowerment, greater proportion of women without
having access to media reflects the relatively disadvantageous position of
women in relation to men with regards to empowerment.
• The growing access of the web in the late 20th century, has allowed
women to empower themselves by using various tools on the Internet. With
the introduction of the World Wide Web, women have begun to use social
networking sites like Facebook and Twitter to start online activism.
• On May 29, 2013, an online campaign started by 100 female advocates
forced the leading social networking website, Facebook, to take down
various pages that spread hatred about women.

Domestic Violence :
• About two in five currently married women age 15-49
have experienced spousal violence in their current
marriage, and among women who have ever
experienced such violence, more than two in three have
experienced violence in the past year.
•Recent experience of spousal violence varies little by
marital duration, but, as expected, ever experience of
spousal violence increases with marital duration.
•Higher education and wealth consistently lower
women’s risk of spousal violence; and husbands’
consumption of alcohol and having a mother who was
beaten by her spouse significantly increase the risk.
•Although women who agree that wife beating is justified
have a higher prevalence of violence, one out of three
women who do not agree that wife beating is justified
have also experienced violence.

WAYS TO EMPOWER
WOMEN:
• Changes in women's mobility
and social interaction;
• Changes in women's labor
patterns;
• Changes in women's access to
and control over resources; and
• Changes in women's control
over decision-making.

WAYS TO EMPOWER
WOMEN:
• Providing education
• Self employment and Self help groups
• Providing minimum needs like nutrition, health,
sanitation, housing
• Other than this, society should change the mentality
towards the word “women”.
• Encouraging women to develop in their fields they are
good at and make a career.

A video to change the mentality
towards the woman….

Role of NGO’s
•Non-governmental organizations are playing a significant role
in the empowerment of disadvantages women.
•Just a few years after Independence, the Government set up
the Central Social Welfare Board, an apex body of the
voluntary sector that aids more than 10,000 NGOs across the
country, helping women stand on their own through such
programme as socio-economic programme, vocational training
and other similar programmes.

Women Empowerment Programmes
• Swayamsidha
• Swa-Shakti Project
• Support to Training and employment programme for Women (STEP)
• Swadhar
• Creches/ Day care Centers for the Children of working and Ailing Mothers
• Hostels for working women
• Rashtriya Mahila kosh (RMK)

Swayamsidha: ( Indira Mahila yojna)
• It is an integrated project for the development and
empowerment of women through Self Help Groups (SHGs)
with emphasis on covering service, developing access to
micro-enterprises.
• About 10 lakh women have taken membership.
Swam-Shakti Project:
• Earlier known as the Rural Women’s Development and
Empowerment Project, was sanctioned in October 1998 as
centrally sponsored scheme to be implemented in the states
of Bihar, Chattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand,
Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal and Uttar
Pradesh.

Support to Training and employment
Programme for Women (STEP):
• The program seeks to provide updated skills and new
knowledge to poor asset less women in eight traditional
sectors of employment, agriculture, animal husbandry,
dairying, fisheries, handlooms, handcrafts, Khadi and
Village industry and sericulture.

Swadhar:
This scheme was launched in 2001-2002 as a central
sector scheme for providing holistic and integrated
services to women in difficult circumstances.
NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE
EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
(2001)
The goal - of this Policy is to bring about the
advancement, development and empowerment of
women.

Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK):
• Also known as the National Credit Fund for Women was set
up as a registered society under the Societies Registration
Act, 1860 on March 30, 1993.
• Credit support or micro-finance to poor women to start
income generating activities such as in - Dairy ,
Agriculture ,Shop-keeping ,Vending and Handicrafts.
In 2003-04, an amount of Rs.25 crore was sanctioned through
RMK benefiting about 32,765 women.

• Each year around the world, International
Women's Day (IWD) is celebrated on March 8.
• Thousands of events occur not just on this day
but throughout March to mark the economic,
political and social achievements of women.

CONCLUSION
• Women represent half the world’s population, and
gender inequality exists in every nation on the
planet.
• Until women are given the same opportunities that
men are, entire societies will be destined to
perform below their true potentials .
• The greatest need of the hour is change of social
attitude to women.

Positive Stories…

The Lijjat Papad
story
• Seven illiterate and poor women borrowed Rs 80 to start a papad
business in 1959
• Its turnover from Rs 6,196 in the first year went upto Rs 300 crore
in the next four decades
• 42,000 women on its revolutionary march
• Jaywantiben Popat, one of the women involved with this
phenomenal spirit, was honoured at the ET Awards for her
outstanding achievements.

SEWA (Self-Employed Women's
Association)
• Started as a trade union, registered in 1972, founded by Ela Bhat,
• Organisation of self-employed women workers who earn a living
through their own labour or small businesses.
• SEWA's membership, which is a nominal Rs. 5 a year, includes
women from a cross-section of society — from vegetable and fruit
hawkers to home-based weavers, potters and manual labourers.
• Year Number of Members
• 1973 320
• 2002 17,50,000

“EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN NOT JUST A GOAL
IN ITSELF, BUT KEY TO ALL GLOBAL
DEVELOPMENT GOALS”