HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
Matters more than ever 20130618 v3
1. Ten Reasons Why
Service Science Matters
More Than Ever
Jim Spohrer
Director IBM University Programs
June 18, 2013
2. Importance & Opportunity
• Why is this important?
– Ten Reasons Service Science Matter More Than Ever
• There is a real opportunity to shift a lot of
professionals (academics, industry, government,
social sector, etc.) from thinking in GDL (Goods
Dominant Logic) towards SDL (Service Dominant
Logic)
– International Society of Service Innovation
Professionals (http://www.issip.org)
– ISSIP (pronounced I-ZIP) will create whitepapers
3. EDUCAUSE Review Article
Spohrer, J., Fodell, D., & Murphy, W. (2012). Ten
Reasons Service Science Matters to Universities.
EDUCAUSE Review, 47(6), 52-54.
4. CACM Article
• Maglio, P. P., Srinivasan, S., Kreulen, J. T., &
Spohrer, J. (2006). Service systems, service
scientists, SSME, and innovation.
Communications of the ACM, 49(7), 81-85.
5. Service Science Article
• Vargo, S. L., & Akaka, M. A. (2009). Service-dominant logic
as a foundation for service science: clarifications. Service
Science, 1(1), 32-41.
6. IMM Article
• Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2011). It's all B2B…
and beyond: Toward a systems perspective of
the market. Industrial Marketing
Management, 40(2), 181-187.
7. Service Science Article
Spohrer, J., Piciocchi, P., & Bassano, C. (2012). Three frameworks for service research: exploring
multilevel governance in nested, networked systems. Service Science, 4(2), 147-160.
If some entity architectures (EN and frameworks (FN) are better than others, then professionals working
to solve real-world problems (PRW) might benefit, and generate better sets of recommendations (RE).
9. 10 GDL Reasons
• 1. Service Economy
– Growth of service sector in GDP and Labor of nations
• 2. Servitization
– Growth of revenue from service offerings of businesses
• 3. Globalization
– Franchises and outsourcing, taxation, immigration, exports,
• 4. Demographics
– Aging population, young populations, etc.
• 5. Urbanization
– Growth of urban population, specialization, higher education, etc.
• 6. Social Services
– Urban populations need more social services, crime, poverty, mental illness, etc.
• 7. Financial Services
– Wealth effect, families outsource mode, business outsource more
• 8. IT Platforms and Services
– From on-line retail to social media, gamification, big data, platforms,, to outsourcing and
hyperspecializaion, self-service, digital business models, open data
• 9. B2B Services
– Growth in number of businesses business, entrrepreneurship, open innovation
• 10. Service innovation needs
– Overcome Baumol’s disease of low productivity in government, health, education, etc.
10. How to generate ten SDL reasons?
• FP4 Operant Resources & FP9 Resource Integration
– Operant resources are the fundamental source of competitive advantage
– All social and economic actors are resource integrators
• From an upcoming Vargo & Lusch Publication:
– “Not only do business enterprises and households engage in resource
integration, transformation, and exchange of service, but government
agencies, schools, and a host of other nonprofit organizations do so as well.”
– “As a broad, abstract perspective, businesses, households, and other
organizations engage in the acquisition, integration, and transformation of
resources to create new resources and then use these new resources in
exchange with other actors to co-create value. This perspective begins to
direct attention to viewing businesses, households, and other organizations,
including nonprofits and governments, as essentially and abstractly identical.
This insight led us to define exchange and exchange systems in terms of actor-
to-actor (A2A) interactions.”
11. “Order of Magnitude Observation”:
Unique Time in Human History
Type:
Classes
Order Tokens:
Instances
Individ-
uals
Insti-
tutions
Infra-
structure
Inform-
ation
Planet 10**0 1 10B Forbes 50
Continent 10**1 10 1B F 1000
Nation 10**2 100 100M F 2000 PRISM
State 10**3 1000 10M utilities nuclear
Metro 10**4 10,000 1M uni’s
City 10**5 100,000 100,000 colleges gas
District 10**6 1M 10,000 hospitals
Community 10**7 10M 1000 schools
Street 10**8 100M 100 parks
Family 10**9 1B 10 solar HAT
Person 10**10 10B 1 Soc. Med.
12. GDL & SDL
GDL Reasons: Sector Transformation,
adopting new technologies
SDL Reasons: Entity’s Competitive
Strategy, Competing for Collaborators
Service Economy Planet-wide Actors
Servitization/XaaS (Everything asa
Service)
Continental Unions as Actors (HSS)
Globalization Nations as Actors (HSS)
Demographics States as Actors (HSS)
Urbanization Metros/Counties as Actors (HSS)
Social Services Cities as Actors (HSS)
Financial Services Districts as Actors (HSS)
IT Platforms & Services Communities as Actors (HSS)
B2B Services Streets/Apart. Buildings as Actors (HSS)
Service Innovation Needs Families as Actors (HSS)
Individuals as Actors
13. Observations
• Every nation/state/city-university I talk to:
– We need help creating high skill, high pay jobs of the
future.
– We need help keeping our top talent from moving away
after graduation from university
• Every business I talk to:
– We need help scaling the benefits of new knowledge and
innovation globally, rapidly, profitably
– We need help making our employees and ecosystem more
innovative
– We would rather hire people with some entrepreneurial
experience (even if failed) than recent graduates, with no
entrepreneurial experience.
15. Service Science
• The transdisciplinary study of service, the
application of knowledge for mutual benefits
(value co-creation phenomena), in an ecology
of interacting many-to-many, nested,
networked viable service system entities.
17. Future Directions:
Big Data & Cognitive Computing Age
• What new capabilities will service system
entities (species?) have in the future?
– Natural Language Interactions
– Recommendations Rank Ordered
– Historical Awareness
• Were recommendations followed?
• What outcomes resulted?
• Who has responsibility for negative outcomes?
• What responsibility for privacy of data?
19. Questions
• What is ISSIP?
• What is a service platform?
• What is service science?
• What is a T-shaped professional?
• How is this related to your work at IBM with universities?
• What are the important future trends you see?
26. Data Science +
Urban Science +
Service Science =
Smarter Planet
Jim Spohrer
Director IBM University Programs
June 17, 2013
27. Sciences & Applied Arts
• All sciences study systems
– Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Information and
Computer Science, Service Science, etc.
• All applied arts change systems
– Management, Engineering, Design Arts, Public
Policy seek to apply rigorous scientific knowledge
to create better worlds to inhabit
28. Information & Computer Science
• “The single strongest impulse for introducing
computers on campuses in the mid-1950s did
not come from the schools themselves or
from any federal agency, but instead from
IBM.”
29. Data Science
• “Data science incorporates varying elements
and builds on techniques and theories from
many fields… with the goal of extracting
meaning from data and creating data
products.”
30. By 2020, 35 Zettabytes per year
• What’s big today will look small in a decade
Google processes
> 24 Petabytes of data
in a single day
Facebook processes
10 Terabytes of data every
day
The Hadron Collider at CERN
generates 40 Terabytes
of data / sec
For every session, NY Stock
Exchange captures 1 Terabyte
of trade information
Twitter processes
7 Terabytes of data every day
250,000,000 tweets
2 Billion Internet users in 2011
By 2013, annual internet traffic
will reach 667 Exabytes
31. Urban Science
• Urban science is an interdisciplinary field that
studies diverse urban issues and problems
32. Service Science
• The transdisciplinary study of service, the
application of knowledge for mutual benefits
(value co-creation phenomena), in an ecology
of interacting many-to-many, nested,
networked viable service system entities.
35. 35
Smarter Planet = Smarter Systems
INSTRUMENTED
We now have the ability to
measure, sense and see
the exact condition of
practically everything.
INTERCONNECTED
People, systems and objects
can communicate and
interact with each other in
entirely new ways.
INTELLIGENT
We can respond to changes
quickly and accurately,
and get better results
by predicting and optimizing
for future events.
WORKFORCE
PRODUCTS
SUPPLY CHAIN
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORTATION BUILDINGS
IT NETWORKS
44. 44
44
Identifies entrepreneurs developing
businesses aligning with our Smarter Planet
vision.
SmartCamp finalists raised more than
$50m and received significant press in
Wall Street Journal, Forbes and
Bloomberg
in
Healthcare SmartCamp kickstart - Miami - May 15, 2012
Apply by April 27th
SmarterCities SmartCamp kickstart - New York - May 24, 2012
Apply by May 3rd
North America Regional SmartCamp - Boston - June 20 & 21, 2012
Apply by May 25th
apply now at www.ibm.com/isv/startup/smartcamp
Exclusive Networking and
Mentoring event
North America SmartCamp lead: Eric Apse, eapse@us.ibm.com
University Programs lead: Dawn Tew, dawn2@us.ibm.com
45. 45
What are the trends?
Digital Immigrant
Born: 1988
Graduated College: 2012
Digital Native
Born: 2012
Enters College: 2030
51. 51
51
Example: Leading Through Connections with…
Universities Collaborate with IBM Research to Design Watson
for the Grand Challenge of Jeopardy !
Assisted in the development of the Open
Advancement of Question-Answering Initiative
(OAQA) architecture and methodology
Pioneered an online natural language question
answering system called START, which provided the
ability to answer questions with high precision using
information from semi-structured and structured
information repositories
Worked to extend the
capabilities of Watson, with a
focus on extensive common sense
knowledge
Focused on large-scale
information extraction,
parsing, and knowledge
inference technologies
Worked on a visualization component to visually
explain to external audiences the massively parallel
analytics skills it takes for the Watson computing
system to break down a question and formulate a
rapid and accurate response to rival a human brain
Provided technological advancement enabling a
computing system to remember the full interaction,
rather than treating every question like the first one -
simulating a real dialogue
Explored advanced machine learning
techniques along with rich text
representations based on syntactic and
semantic structures for the Watson’s
optimization
Worked on information retrieval
and text search technologies
http://w3.ibm.com/news/w3news/top_stories/2011/02/chq_watson_wrapup.html
58. 58
Competitive Parity – Achieved.
• The NFL touts parity—the idea
that any team can win on any
given Sunday. But this year,
parity has truly run wild.
• Through six weeks, 11 of the
NFL's 32 teams are 3-3.
• The Journal asked the statistical
gurus of Massey-Peabody
Analytics to run a coin-flip
simulation…
69. 69
Measuring Quality-of-Life?
A. Systems that focus on flow of things that humans need (~15%*)
1. Transportation & supply chain
2. Water & waste recycling/Climate & Environment
3. Food & products manufacturing
4. Energy & electricity grid/Clean Tech
5. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT access)
B. Systems that focus on human activity and development (~70%*)
6. Buildings & construction (smart spaces) (5%*)
7. Retail & hospitality/Media & entertainment/Tourism & sports (23%*)
8. Banking & finance/Business & consulting (wealthy) (21%*)
9. Healthcare & family life (healthy) (10%*)
10. Education & work life/Professions & entrepreneurship (wise) (9%*)
C. Systems that focus on human governance - security and opportunity (~15%*)
11. Cities & security for families and professionals (property tax)
12. States/regions & commercial development opportunities/investments (sales tax)
13. Nations/NGOs & citizens rights/rules/incentives/policies/laws (income tax)
0/19/02/7/4
2/1/1
7/6/1
1/1/0
5/17/27
1/0/2
24/24/1
2/20/24
7/10/3
5/2/2
3/3/1
0/0/0
1/2/2
Quality of Life = Quality of Service + Quality of Jobs + Quality of Investment-Opportunities
* = US Labor % in 2009.
“61 Service Design 2010 (Japan) / 75 Service Marketing 2010 (Portugal)/78 Service-Oriented Computing 2010 (US)”
72. 72
I am nested in at least 10 systems
Level AKA ~No. People ~No. Entities Example
0. Individual Person 1 10,000,000,000 Jim
1. Family Household 10 1,000,000,000 Spohrer’s
2.Neighborhood Street 100 100,000,000 Kensington
3. Community Block 1000 10,000,000 Bird Land
4. Urban-Zone District 10,000 1,000,000 SC Unified
5. Urban-Center City 100,0000 100,000 Santa Clara
6.Metro-Region County 1,000,000 10,000 SC County
7. State Province 10,000,000 1,000 CA
8. Nation Country 100,000,000 100 USA
9. Continent Union 1,000,000,000 10 NAFTA
10. Planet World 10,000,000,000 1 UN
73. 73
Time
ECOLOGY
~14B
Big Bang
(Natural
World)
~10K
Cities
(Human-Made
World)
sun (energy)
writing
(symbols and scribes,
stored memory
and knowledge)
earth
(molecules &
stored energy)
written laws
(governance and
stored control)
bacteria
(single-cell life)
sponges
(multi-cell life)
money
(governed
transportable value
stored value,
“economic energy”)
universities
(knowledge workers)
clams (neurons)
trilobites (brains)
printing press (books)
steam engine (work)200M
bees (social
division-of-labor)
60
transistor
(routine
cognitive work)
Evolution of Natural Systems & Service Systems
Unraveling the mystery of evolving hierarchical-complexity in new populations…
To discover the world’s architectures and mechanisms for computing non-zero-sum
75. 75
•iPhone/iPad app developer
•wireless marketing director
•microfinance infrastructure designer
•3D content developer for movies, TV
•social network manager
•deploying technology into the cloud
•organic solar cell development
•digital image management
Many top in-demand jobs in 2011 did not exist in 2005!
75
76. 76 76
U.S Department of Labor
estimates that today’s learner
will have 10-14 jobs…
by the age of 38!
77. 77
Estimates are 85% of the jobs today’s learners will be doing
haven’t been invented yet
they'll be using technologies that don't exist
to solve problems we don't yet know are problems
77
81. Gamification
• Gamification is the use of game thinking and
game mechanics in a non-game context in
order to engage users and solve problems.
82. Service Economy
• “The increased importance of the service
sector in industrialized economies. The
current list of Fortune 500 companies contains
more service companies and fewer
manufacturers than in previous decades.”
83. Social Media
• Social media refers to the means of
interactions among people in which they
create, share, and exchange information and
ideas in virtual communities and networks
84. Big Data
• Big data is a collection of data sets so large and
complex that it becomes difficult to process using
on-hand database management tools or
traditional data processing applications.
• Data science incorporates varying elements and
builds on techniques and theories from many
fields … with the goal of extracting meaning from
data and creating data products.
85. Service-oriented modeling
• Service-oriented modeling is the discipline of
modeling business and software systems…
This overall servicing vision embodies the
general notion: “everything is a service”…
87. Servitization
• Products today have a higher service
component than in previous decades. In the
management literature this is referred to as
the servitization of products. Virtually every
product today has a service component to it.
88. Digital Age
• The Information Age (also known as the
Computer Age, Digital Age, or New Media
Age) is a period in human history
characterized by the shift from traditional
industry that the industrial revolution brought
through industrialization, to an economy
based on the information computerization.
89. Export
• In national accounts "exports" consist of
transactions in goods and services (sales,
barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-
residents. Amazon and eBay have largely
bypassed the involvement of Customs in many
countries because of the low individual values
of these trades.
90. Immigration
• Immigration is the movement of people into
another country or region to which they are
not native in order to settle there.[
91. Cybersecurity
• The field covers all the processes and
mechanisms by which computer-based
equipment, information and services are
protected from unintended or unauthorized
access, change or destruction.
Permission to use granted on request:spohrer@us.ibmcomReference this presentation:
Spohrer, J., Fodell, D., & Murphy, W. (2012). Ten Reasons Service Science Matters to Universities. EDUCAUSE Review, 47(6), 52-54.
Maglio, P. P., Srinivasan, S., Kreulen, J. T., & Spohrer, J. (2006). Service systems, service scientists, SSME, and innovation. Communications of the ACM, 49(7), 81-85.
Vargo, S. L., & Akaka, M. A. (2009). Service-dominant logic as a foundation for service science: clarifications. Service Science, 1(1), 32-41.
Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2011). It's all B2B… and beyond: Toward a systems perspective of the market. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(2), 181-187.
If some entity architectures (EN and frameworks (FN are better than others, in these respects, then profes- sionals solving real-world problems (PRW might benefit. Spohrer, J., Piciocchi, P., & Bassano, C. (2012). Three frameworks for service research: exploring multilevel governance in nested, networked systems. Service Science, 4(2), 147-160.
Service science matter more than even because:Growth of service sector GDP and Labor ForceLet’s get as good at service innovation as we are at product and process innovation. Service quality and service productivity become important measures.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_economy
GDL = Goods-Dominant Logic vs SDL = Service-Dominant LogicCitation: Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2004). Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing. Journal of marketing, 1-17.
Spohrer’s “Order of Magnitude Observation: Unique Time in Human History”There is a market for a few organizations and types of organizations that try to please everyone….HAT = http://hubofallthings.wordpress.comPRISM = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)Forbes 2000 = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)
HSS = Holistic Service Systems1. Service EconomyGrowth of service sector in GDP and Labor of nations2. ServitizationGrowth of revenue from service offerings of businesses3. GlobalizationFranchises and outsourcing, taxation, immigration, exports, 4. DemographicsAging population, young populations, etc.5. UrbanizationGrowth of urban population, specialization, higher education, etc.6. Social ServicesUrban populations need more social services, crime, poverty, mental illness, etc.7. Financial ServicesWealth effect, families outsource mode, business outsource more8. IT Platforms and ServicesFrom on-line retail to social media, gamification, big data, platforms,, to outsourcing and hyperspecializaion, self-service, digital business models, open data9. B2B ServicesGrowth in number of businesses business, entrrepreneurship, open innovation10. Service innovation needsOvercome Baumol’s disease of low productivity in government, health, education, etc.
Multilevel nested, networked holistic service systems (HSS) that provision whole service (WS) to the people inside them. WS includes flows (transportation, water, food, energy, communications), development (buildings, retail, finance, health, education), and governance (city, state, nation). What are the largest and smallest service system entities that have the problem of interconnected systems?Holistic Service Systems like nations, states, cities, and universities – are all system of systems dealing with flows, development, and governance.=============\\Nations (~100)States/Provinces (~1000)Cities/Regions (~10,000)Educational Institutions (~100,000)Healthcare Institutions (~100,000)Other Enterprises (~10,000,000)Largest 2000>50% GDP WWFamilies/Households (~1B)Persons (~10B)Balance/ImproveQuality of Life, generation after generationGDP/CapitaQuality of ServiceCustomer ExperienceQuality of JobsEmployee ExperienceQuality of Investment-OpportunitiesOwner ExperienceEntrepreneurial ExperienceSustainabilityGDP/Energy-Unit% Fossil% RenewableGDP/Mass-Unit% New Inputs% Recycled Inputs
Ricardo’s law of association of comparative advantage (beyond division of labor, includes learning curve effects – do more of what you do best, less of what you do least well)Outsourcing and self-service upward spiral of capabilities (employee productivity improvements lead to customer-self-service)Improve strongest and weakest network links capabilities (swim-lane competitions accelerate learning and balance routine (boredom) and challenge (anxiety))
- What is ISSIP?ISSIP = the International Society of Service Innovation ProfessionalsISSIP is pronounced I-ZIPISSIP was founded by industry and academic collaborators to promote service innovations for an interconnected world.AmmarRayes, a Cisco DE, is the founding President of ISSIP.Charlie Bess, an HP Fellow, is the founding Vice President of ISSIP.Jeff Welser, Director IBM Almaden Service Research, is the VP elect for ISSIP.I am one of the founding Board members, as well as chair of the ISSIP SIG Education and Research.ISSIP SIG Education and Research aims to increase the quantity and quality of service science related courses and degree programs.ISSIP SIG Education and Research aims to increase the number of T-shaped service innovators in business and society.
- What is ISSIP?ISSIP = the International Society of Service Innovation ProfessionalsISSIP is pronounced I-ZIPISSIP was founded by industry and academic collaborators to promote service innovations for an interconnected world.AmmarRayes, a Cisco DE, is the founding President of ISSIP.Charlie Bess, an HP Fellow, is the founding Vice President of ISSIP.Jeff Welser, Director IBM Almaden Service Research, is the VP elect for ISSIP.I am one of the founding Board members, as well as chair of the ISSIP SIG Education and Research.ISSIP SIG Education and Research aims to increase the quantity and quality of service science related courses and degree programs.ISSIP SIG Education and Research aims to increase the number of T-shaped service innovators in business and society.
- What is a service platform?A service platform provides access to places and entities to scale the benefits of new knowledge globally and rapidly.IBM’s Watson natural language and question answering capability will become available for smart phone app developers as a service platform.Watson specializes in ranking queries that related semantic classes and instances, so for the classes “Explorers” and “Dates” - the instance “Columbus” is highly correlated with “1492″ and less so with “1506″ and “1451″.IBM Smarter Cities Intelligent Operations Center is a service platform for scaling business solutions that improve the performance of urban regions.IBM itself can be viewed as a service platform for scaling businesses and solutions with some 120 acquisitions in the last ten years alone.Pharmaceutical companies be viewed as service platforms for scaling the benefits of new molecules.Franchises are service platforms for scaling the benefits of new knowledge globally and rapidly.Cities with high use airports can become negative-service platforms when they scale human viruses negative consequences globally and rapidly.
- What is service science?ISSIP embraces the service-dominant-logic definition of service.Service is defined, not as the tertiary economic sector, but more generally as the application of knowledge for mutual benefits.Service innovations scale the benefits of new knowledge, globally and rapidly (and for businesses profitably).Service innovations includes technology platforms (e.g., smart phones), organizational platforms (e.g., franchises) and others platforms for scaling.Service science is the rigorous study of service systems and value co-creation phenomena, both collaborative and competitive mechanisms.Value co-creation is a kind of win-win outcome – for example, when customers build their own furniture they can get higher quality components, but lower costs.Performance measures of service systems include quality, productivity, compliance, and innovativeness.Types of service systems entities include people, businesses, universities, cities, states, and nations.Performance measures of a service ecology include resilience, sustainability, competitive parity, and quality-of-life (learning rates & knowledge burden).
- What is a T-shaped professional?T-shaped professionals have both depth and breadth.An I-shaped professional may be an expert, but lacks skills for interacting with other disciplines, sectors, and/or regions/cultures.Pi-shapes and M-shapes have depth in two or three areas, but most employees today are I-shapes.An organization or nation with more T-shapes is more likely to have higher performance teamwork as well as more boundary spanning innovations.The T-shaped metaphor has been used for at least a couple decades, but ISSIP is working on making the concept more rigorous.=======From I to T to Pi-shapes … and beyond! IBM needs graduates who can work on multidisciplinary, multisector, multicultural teams… T-shapes have depth and breadth … Disciplines from computer science to marketing to social sciences to arts & humanitiesSectors from transportation to energy to healthcare to governmentCultures from US to Europe to China to India to Latin America to Africa to Middle East and more!!
- How is this related to your work at IBM with universities?At IBM I helped start IBM’s Venture Capital Group, Service Research area in IBM Research, and now run IBM’s University Programs worldwide.IBM University Programs is concerned with the 6 R’s – research, readiness (skills), recruiting, revenue (universities are like small cities), responsibility, and regions.Part of IBM Smarter Planet strategy is to help universities increase the quantity and quality of start-ups (Smart Camps).IBM also wants to help start-ups scale up globally and rapidly.Universities are the most important drivers of innovation in a knowledge economy, and more and more startups come from universities.Many businesses instead of hiring a student with a new degree, would rather hire that same student after they have entrepreneurial experience, even if the start-up failed.Most start-ups fail, but they create T-shaped people – which is what businesses want to improve performance of teams and boundary spanning innovations.IBM acquires about one company a month for last ten years (see the IBM M&A wikipedia page)By one estimate, 2/3 of these acquisitions started in a university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem.SSME (Service Science Management and Engineering), Smarter Planet, Big Data Analytics, Data Science, Smarter Cities, and Urban Science – are all related.IBM University Programs uses the 6 R’s to advance IBM’s Smarter Planet strategy, and increase the number of T-shaped innovators.
Permission to use granted on request to: spohrer@us.ibm.comReference presentation as:Spohrer, JC (2013) Data Science + Urban Science + Service Science = Smarter Planet. Milano, Italy. Monday June 17, 2013. URL: http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/data-urban-service-science-20130617-v2
The sciences that study systems that nature has evolved do not include the word “science”The sciences that study systems that our species has designed do include the word “science”Complexity Science, Organization Science, Social Sciences study both naturally evolved and human designed systemsSystems Science is perhaps the most general of the sciences – and studies all types of systems from a transdisciplary perspective.Both sciences and applied arts are driven by imagination, data and experience play a role, but imagination (i.e., creativity) is the fundamental driver of progress (i.e., better explanation of systems) and change (i.e., better change that does more with less).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_sciencePagerank (map-reduce & hadoop) – helping people find what they are most likely looking forRecommendation systems – helping people find what they most likely want to buy
35 Zettabytes - IDC
http://www.santafe.edu/research/cities-scaling-and-sustainability/Cities get larger wealth creation and innovation get faster2x size in city 15% increase wealth, innovation, negative effectsCities shrink time and space, and concentrate and accelerate social interactionsNetwork constraints …
Ricardo’s law of association of comparative advantage (beyond division of labor, includes learning curve effects – do more of what you do best, less of what you do least well)Outsourcing and self-service upward spiral of capabilities (employee productivity improvements lead to customer-self-service)Improve strongest and weakest network links capabilities (swim-lane competitions accelerate learning and balance routine (boredom) and challenge (anxiety))
Why service scientists are interested in universities…. They are in many ways the service system of most central importance to other service systems…Graph based on data from Source: http://www.arwu.org/ARWUAnalysis2009.jspAnalysis: Antonio Fischetto and Giovanna Lella (URome, Italy) students visiting IBM AlmadenDynamicgraphybased on Swissstudents work:http://www.upload-it.fr/files/1513639149/graph.htmlUS isstill “off the chart” – China projected to be “off the chart” in lessthan 10 years: US % of WW Top-RankedUniversities: 30,3 % US % of WW GDP: 23,3 %CorrelatingNation’s (2004) % of WW GDP to % of WW Top-Ranked UniversitiesUS isliterally “off the chart” – butincluding US make high correlationevenhigher: US % of WW Top-RankedUniversities: 33,865 % US % of WW GDP: 28,365 %
http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htmhttp://theeconomiccollapseblog.com/archives/student-loan-debt-hell-21-statistics-that-will-make-you-think-twice-about-going-to-collegePosted below are 21 statistics about college tuition, student loan debt and the quality of college education in the United States....#1 Since 1978, the cost of college tuition in the United States has gone up by over 900 percent.#2 In 2010, the average college graduate had accumulated approximately $25,000 in student loan debt by graduation day.#3 Approximately two-thirds of all college students graduate with student loans.#4 Americans have accumulated well over $900 billion in student loan debt. That figure is higher than the total amount of credit card debt in the United States.#5 The typical U.S. college student spends less than 30 hours a week on academics.#6 According to very extensive research detailed in a new book entitled "Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses", 45 percent of U.S. college students exhibit "no significant gains in learning" after two years in college.#7 Today, college students spend approximately 50% less time studying than U.S. college students did just a few decades ago.#835% of U.S. college students spend 5 hours or less studying per week.#950% of U.S. college students have never taken a class where they had to write more than 20 pages.#1032% of U.S. college students have never taken a class where they had to read more than 40 pages in a week.#11 U.S. college students spend 24% of their time sleeping, 51% of their time socializing and 7% of their time studying.#12 Federal statistics reveal that only 36 percent of the full-time students who began college in 2001 received a bachelor's degree within four years.#13Nearly half of all the graduate science students enrolled at colleges and universities in the United States are foreigners.#14 According to the Economic Policy Institute, the unemployment rate for college graduates younger than 25 years old was 9.3 percent in 2010.#15One-third of all college graduates end up taking jobs that don't even require college degrees.#16 In the United States today, over 18,000 parking lot attendants have college degrees.#17 In the United States today, 317,000 waiters and waitresses have college degrees.#18 In the United States today, approximately 365,000 cashiers have college degrees.#19 In the United States today, 24.5 percent of all retail salespersons have a college degree.#20 Once they get out into the "real world", 70% of college graduates wish that they had spent more time preparing for the "real world" while they were still in school.#21Approximately 14 percent of all students that graduate with student loan debt end up defaulting within 3 years of making their first student loan payment.http://www.citytowninfo.com/career-and-education-news/articles/georgetown-university-study-shows-a-bachelors-degree-in-stem-pays-off-11102002About 65 percent of individuals with bachelor's degrees in STEM subjects commanded greater salaries than those with master's degrees in non-STEM fields, according to a Georgetown press release. Likewise, 47 percent of college graduates with bachelor's degrees in STEM fields earn higher wages than those with doctoral degrees in non-STEM subjects.
Edu-Impact.Com: Growing Importance of Universities with Large, Growing EndowmentsRecently visited Yang building at StanfordOne of the greenest buildings on the planetBut if it does not evolve in 20 years it will not be the greenest buildingVisited supercomputers – we have two at IBM Almaden – there was a time they were in the top 100 supercomputers in the world – not any more ….So a Moore’s law of buildings is more than cutting waste in half every year, it is also about the amount of time it takes to structural replace the material with newer and more modern materials that provide benefits…
What are the largest and smallest service system entities that have the problem of interconnected systems?Holistic Service Systems like nations, states, cities, and universities – are all system of systems dealing with flows, development, and governance.=============\\Nations (~100)States/Provinces (~1000)Cities/Regions (~10,000)Educational Institutions (~100,000)Healthcare Institutions (~100,000)Other Enterprises (~10,000,000)Largest 2000>50% GDP WWFamilies/Households (~1B)Persons (~10B)Balance/ImproveQuality of Life, generation after generationGDP/CapitaQuality of ServiceCustomer ExperienceQuality of JobsEmployee ExperienceQuality of Investment-OpportunitiesOwner ExperienceEntrepreneurial ExperienceSustainabilityGDP/Energy-Unit% Fossil% RenewableGDP/Mass-Unit% New Inputs% Recycled Inputs
The Up-Skill CyclePeople flow through the system of entities… As they flow they are upskilled….Entities:Mature IBM Business Unit: From mature-business unitAcquired-IBM Business Unit: From IBM “acquired company” business unitUniversity: From university roleVenture: From venture that spun off from a universityOther: None of the aboveOne possible pathA long-time IBMer is in an IBM business unit doing, say “finance”The IBMer’s business unit receives the 5% annual budget cutThe IBMer moves to a new IBM acquisition to help the new acquisition adopt/learn IBM finance proceduresAfter that the IBMer moves to a university as an IBMer on CampusThe IBMer might work in a department/discipline, in the university incubator, or a university start-up, or even be a student at the universityEventually the IBMer signs up to be pat of a new venture that is spinning off from the universityThe new venture is aligned with IBM via HW, SW, or other IBM offerings/strategyIBM helps scale up the new venture globalIBM might decide to acquire the new ventureThe IBM in the acquired new venture helps the new venture become a high growth business unit of IBMAfter the new IBM business unit asymptotes on revenue and profit improves, it has become a mature business unitNow the IBMer is back in a mature business unit, and the cycle repeats…A long-time IBMer is in an IBM business unit doing, say “finance”The IBMer’s business unit receives the 5% annual budget cutTransitions:Self-loop IBMer stays in mature business unitIBMer transitions from mature business unit to a newly acquired IBM acquisitionIBMer transitions from mature business unit to a university roleIBMer transitions from mature business unit to a new venture that spun off from a universityIBMer transitions from mature business unit to an entity not mentioned above (some where else)
Big Data in business has grown over 60 years from ~10MB to 100PB or a billion times :MB -> GB -> TB –> PB All that Big Data from 1950 can easily be handled by one person’s smart phoneService science is now taught in over 500 universities that we know of and probably at least 2x more that we don’t know about…The number of service science conferences and service science related journals has also expanded
From IBM Christopher BishopGlobally interconnectedData from embedded devicesDriving new and evolving business models
From IBM Christopher Bishop
Synopsis:All the programs fall within the 6 R's of IBM University Programs (IBM UP)... R = Research (Awards: University Relations) R = Readiness (Skills: Academic Initiatives) R = Recruiting (Internships & Jobs: IBM Global Centers) R = Revenue (Solutions: Super-Computers to Asset/Risk Management) R = Responsibility (Volunteers: On Campus IBMers & Smarter Cities Challenge) R = Regions (Startups & Jobs: Smart Camp Challenge)Examples:Our best university relationships are when all 6 R's are active - some examples... NYU Center for Urban Science and Progress: http://cusp.nyu.edu/partners/ OSU Big Data Analytics Center: http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomgroenfeldt/2012/11/29/ibm-and-ohio-state-university-get-analytical/ KIT Karlsruhe Service Research Institute: http://www.ksri.kit.edu/Default.aspx?PageId=273&lang=enIBM University Programs (the 6 R’s of IBM UP) include:1. Research (ibm.com/university/awards)2. Readiness (ibm.com/developerworks/university/academicinitiative/)3. Recruiting (ibm.com/jobs or ibm.com/developerworks/university/students/)4. Revenue (ibm.com/education and ibm.com/systems)5. Responsibility (ibm.com/responsibility, ibm.com/ibm/ondemandcommunity and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Community_Grid)6. Regions (ibm.com/partnerworld/isv/startup)Local “On Campus IBMers”(where available) help with the above…
“As noted in exhibit 3.1 under axiom-1 (FP1), “service is the fundamental basis of exchange,” we have four derivative FP’s: FP2, “indirect exchange masks the fundamental basis of exchange; FP3, “goods are distribution mechanisms for service provision; FP4, “operant resources are the fundamental source of competitive advantage; FP5, “all economies are service economies”. Under axiom-2 (FP6) “the customer is always a co-creator of value” there are two derivative FP’s: FP7, “the enterprise cannot deliver value, but only offer value propositions; and FP8, “a service-centered view is inherently customer oriented and relational. Axiom-3 (FP9), “all economic and social actors are resource integrators” and axiom-4 (FP10), “Value is always uniquely and phenomenologically determined by the beneficiary” stand alone without direct derivative FP’s. The structure and the order of the FP’s under the four axioms are used primarily for pedagogical purposes. As you become more familiar with the FP’s and all of their intricacies you will begin to see how all of the FP’s relate to each other but with the four axioms as the most foundational. In brief, six FP’s are nested under four axioms. “