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1. Fertility Measures & Concepts

2. Complexities of Fertility Analysis
• 2 of opposite sex Involves for Fertility
• Risk is not universal in both the Partners
• Infertility
• Obesity
• Age Factor

3. Crude Birth Rate
CBR =
Births in the period 0 to T
Person-yrs lived 0 to T
(mid-year population)

4. General Fertility Rate
• The GFR is also often multiplied by 1,000
and expressed per 1,000 in the population
GFR =
Births in the period 0 to T
Person-yrs lived 0 to T
by women ages 15-50
(mid-year population)

5. Age-Specific Fertility Rates
ASFR =
Births in the period 0 to T to women aged x to x+n
Person-yrs lived 0 to T by women aged x to x+n

6. Reproduction Measures
• Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR)
– The number of female births an average woman
would have if she lived through the end of her
reproductive span.
• Net Reproduction Rate (NRR)
– The average number of daughters that female
members of a birth cohort would bear during their
reproductive life span if they were subject to the
observed age-specific maternity rates and mortality
rates through their lifetimes.
– NRR=1 equals exact replacement fertility

7. Proximate Determinants of Fertility
• Marriage & Marital Disruption
• Sterility
• Postpartum Infecundability
• Fecundability
• Spontaneous Intrauterine Mortality
• Contraception
• Induced Abortion