2. Objectives
▶Define the term “antibiotic”
▶list the names of commonly used
antibiotics
▶Identify therapeutic uses,side effects,and
dosage forms of major antiibiotics
3. Common Abberviations
Qid= 1 X 4 day(four times aday)
Tid = 1 X 3 day(three times aday)
Bid = 1 X Twice day(twice aday)
q8h =every 8 hour.
qd = every day.
qad/ qod = every alternative day /every
other day
5. What is an ANTIBIOTICS
"Antibiotic" is from antibiosis ,
meaning against life.
▶Substances dervied from a
microorganism or produced synthetically
(Sulfonamids & Quinolones) to kill or
suppress the growth of other
microorganisms.
9. Contraindications :
• Penicillin hypersensitivity
Adverse effect:
diarrhoea,nausa,vomiting
Dosage form :
Amo x i l cap . 250mg, 500mg,1000mg
Amo x il oral susp. 125mg/5ml, 250mg/5ml.
Vial 500mg,
10. ▶AMOXYCILLIN + CLAVULANIC
ACID(Augmentin):
🟦Indications
1)Dentoalveolar infections those are
resistant to other penicillin
2)Complicated tooth infection
3)Complicated root canal infection
4)Complicated abscesses,especially
those extending into the sinuses,gums
and bone
5)Gum infections that haven’t responded
to other drugs
6)placement of dental implants in the
upper sinus
13. Contraindications :
• Cephalosporins hypersensitivity.
Side Effects :
Diarrhea, Abdominal or stomach pain, dizziness
fever
general tiredness and weakness
headache
itching or rash, nausea and vomiting
Dosage form :
Kefle x cap . 250mg, 500mg.
.ora l s u sp . 250mg/5ml
16. ▶Ceftriaxone (Third-generation cephalosporins)
Indication :
• Treat a wide variety of
bacterial infections.
hypersensitivity; hyperbilirubinemic
neonates, particularly those who are
premature; neonates <28 days if they
receive calcium-containing IV products
Contraindication :
17. Dosage form :
Cautions:
• Renal / hepatic impairment.
• Previous mild allergic reaction to penicillin of
similars .
0.5 g ,1 g vial IM ,lV
18. Macrolides (erythromycin,
azithromycin and clarithromycin)
▶Azithromycin :
Indication :
1)Allergy to penicillin
2)Used in odontogenic infection
in patients with known hypersensitivity to
azithromycin, or any other macrolide and in
hepatic disease
Contraindications :
21. Dosage form :
Contraindications :
Adverse effect :
vial 100 ' 500 mg
Amp
Injection site reaction,ototoxicity ,nephrotoxicity
A history of hypersensitivity to amikacin
22. ▶Tetracycline :
• Gram -ve and gram +ve
bacterial infection.
Indication :
Contraindications :
• Tetracycline hypersensitivity.
• Children <12 years.
• During pregnancy.
23. Cautions:
• May cause tooth discoloration if
taking during tooth devel- opment.
Dosage form :
• 250mg
• 500mg
Tetracycline cap
25. • Severe liver impairment.
• First trimester of pregnancy.
• History of seizures.
• Metronidazole hypersensitivity,People take alcohol
Contraindications :
Cautions:
Dosage form :
tablet
• 250mg 500mg
Suryp200mg/
5ml
Vial 500mg/100ml
26. ▶Lincomycin :( is a
class of strong antibiotics)
lincosamide
Indications :
treatment of odontogenic infections,
acute and chronic osteomyelitis, soft-
tissue infections, and subacute
bacterial endocarditis
27. Contraindications :
Dosage form :
Hypersensitivity to lincomycin or clindamycin
vial 600 ,cap 300
Pseudomembranous colitis
(C. difficile)-associated diarrhea
29. Contraindications :
Dosage form :
• Tinidazole hypersensitivity.
• Patients having, or with a
history of blood disorder.
• Neurological disorders,
Including epilepsy.
• Pregnancy & breastfeeding.
tab. 500mg.
• Alcoholic beverages avoided
during Fasigyn therapy, be-
cause of the possibility of a
disulfiram-like reaction.
Cautions: