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- 1. Keynote given at Northampton University on 2011-09-01 by invitation of Adrian Pryce for the school’s 2020 visioning session. This document has a Creative Commons license (CC-BY-SA), and can be used freely.
- 2. TECHNOLOGY &EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY &EDUCATION MichellZappa michellzappa.com We’re here today to talk about the intersection between technology and education. And I figured that since you guys are the experts on education, let us start with a quick primer on technology and how it behaves.
- 3. WhoamI?
- 4. 2011 – 20152011 – 2015 2015 – 20252015 – 2025 2025 +2025 + (2011) now 3D 4G 5G AR HAP NFC NUI PAN PGS SPIME UAV VASIMR ACRONYMS 3D screens and cameras Fourth gen cellular wireless (WiMAX, LTE) Fifth gen cellular wireless Augmented Reality High Altitude Platform Near Field Communication Natural User Interface Personal Area Networks Personal Gene Sequencing An object that can be tracked through space and time Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket Inductive chargers Solar Nuclear Kinetic Traveling wave reactor Thorium reactors Fuel cells Multi-segmented smart grids Biomechanical harvesting Smart meters Solar thermal Superconducting interties Bio-enhanced fuels Ultra- capacitors Nanostructure batterycathodes Artificial photosynthesis Piezo- electricity Photvoltaic glass Photo- voltaics Nano- generators ENERGY Private spaceflight Space tourism Space elevator Lunar outpost VASIMR SPACE All media on demand Gamification of media MEDIA Procedural storytelling Location-aware media Smart toys Appliance robots Self-driving vehicles Domestic robots Swarm robotics Utility fog Exoskeletons UAVs ROBOTICS Speech recognition Haptics Holography AR Gesture recognition Multi touch Machine vision Telepresence NUI (SOFTWARE) Immersive 3D projections Fabric- embedded screens Pico- projectors Smart clothing Skin-embedded screens Electronic paper SPIMES Tabs & Pads Boards Retinal screens 3D UBICOMP (HARDWARE) (biofeedback) Reversal of aging Optogenetics Stem-cell treatments Regenerative medicine Synthetic meat Vertical agriculture PGS Personalized medicine Artificial limbs Tele- medicine BIOTECH Bio- markers High-frequency trading Software agents Machine translation Medical diagnostics Intelligence Amplification ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Natural language interpretation NFC Social graph Linked data Semantic web 4G 5G Sensors Smart infrastructure Smart cities Cloud computing Pervasive video PAN Interplanetary internet Virtual currencies Cyber- warfare INTERNET (CONNECTIVITY) HAPs Virtual property Programmable matter Cermets Memristor Carbon nanotubes Molecular assembler Nanowires Meta- materials Print on demand 3D printing Bio- materials MATERIALS Self-healing materials BY SA meeting people is easy Last updated: 2011-03-29 Learn more: Contact me: Follow me: michellzappa.com michellzappa@gmail.com @mz I recently published a visualization of a few dozen key technologies I think will be important in the upcoming decade.
- 5. 2011 – 20152011 – 2015 (2011) now Inductive chargers Fuel cells Multi-segmented smart grids Biomechanical harvesting Smart meters Solar thermal Superconducting interties Bio-enhanced fuels Ultra- capacitors Nanostruc batterycath Artificial photosynthesis Piezo- electricity Photvoltaic glass Photo- voltaics ge ENERGY Private spaceflight Sp tou All media on demand Gamification of media MEDIA Procedural storytelling Location-aware media Smart toys Appliance robots Speech recognition Haptics Holography AR Gesture recognition Multi touch Machine vision Telepresence NUI (SOFTWARE) Immersive 3D projections Fabric- embedded screens Pico- projectors lothing Electronic paper SPIMES Tabs & Pads Boards 3D UBICOMP (HARDWARE) PGS Tele- medicine BIOTECH Bio- markers High-frequency trading Software agents ARTIFIC INTELLIGE Natural language interpretation NFC Social graph Linked data Semantic web 4G Sensors Cloud computing Pervasive video PAN Virtual currencies Cyber- warfare INTERNET (CONNECTIVITY) Virtual property Cermets Memristor assembler Meta- materials Print on demand 3D printing Bio- materials MATERIALS Self-healing materials It can be downloaded freely on my website.
- 6. Whatis technology? What do you associate with technology? Cars? Airplanes? Mobile phones? The internet?
- 7. We usually think about technology in terms of its artifacts: robots, cars, phones, etc.
- 8. Technology, in fact, is everything that surrounds us. The wheel, agriculture, fire, the book and money are examples of technologies we do not usually isolate as such.
- 9. “Anything useful that we make is technology.” — KevinKelly Kevin Kelly knows what he’s talking about. Source: http://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_kelly_tells_technology_s_epic_story.html
- 10. The other characteristic about technology is how it’s always progressing. A century ago, humanity had never even taken flight. Now, we take it for granted.
- 11. Same with medical imaging.
- 12. And also things we consider “technologies”, like video games.
- 13. FSB RAM HDD MpbsCPU 2006 2011 But technology has this other interesting aspect. It grows relentlessly. You can ignore the numbers -- just look at the constant growth over time.
- 14. SPEED& STORAGE These tend toward ∞ through exponential growth
- 15. COST& SIZE And these tend tend asymptotically toward zero.
- 16. What allows YouTube to exist? The combination of: Ubiquitous cameras, cheap storage, fast processing, internet users everywhere, fast internet access. http://www.flickr.com/photos/dtimcarr/308240826/
- 17. 48hoursofcontent uploadedeveryminute. (As of May/2001) “nearly 8 years of content uploaded every day” Sources: http://www.mecmanchester.co.uk/blog/youtube-birthday.html http://www.youtube.com/t/press_statistics
- 18. While we avoid talking about specific gadgets, there is one elephant in the room...
- 19. The iPad is, however, an important exception to the rule of “not looking at gadgets”. It will inevitable make its mark on education, but in my opinion, it will mostly have a great impact on textbooks in the foreseeable future.
- 20. “A rocket will never be able to leave the Earth’s atmosphere.” —NewYorkTimes,1936 Tech predictions are fundamentally flawed and risky. Source: http://listverse.com/history/top-30-failed-technology-predictions/
- 23. OnetomanyOnetoone The face of education after the industrial revolution.
- 24. The one-to-many approach changed a bit with the web. But mostly by amplifying the “many”. Open Courseware (and its kin) is still fundamentally broadcasting knowledge.
- 25. Everyone is in on the game.
- 26. Onetomany ManytomanyOnetoone I think the equation is changing with the advent of “many-to-many”. Where every student is a teacher.
- 27. Million students per month Pause, repeat, review Own pace, skip ahead Teacher overview panel Generate as many questions as the student needs. Until they get ten in a row.
- 28. 2.200+ lessons 100.000+ views per day
- 29. Tons of examples of peer to peer learning. OpenStudy is all about receiving help from other students.
- 30. As is Udemy.
- 31. Livemocha is changing the face of language education. Learn from those already speak a different language -- and teach them a language you speak in return.
- 32. And if you question the validity of Open Courseware approaches, just look at Stanford’s recent AI course.
- 33. “Flip”theclassroom. Flip the classroom: lectures are the new homework -- and classes are used for answering questions and doing work Transforming a system that has become industrial by necessity into a craft once again.
- 35. This is how we quantify ourselves today. Ranking, measuring, achievements.
- 36. Nike+ Nike+ has over 2.5m users, and can be credited to kicking off the personal informatics trend.
- 37. PhilipsDirectLife Philips is in the game, with a device measuring all your exercise. http://www.directlife.philips.com/
- 38. Withings Or how about measuring your weight and having the results uploaded to your phone in real time? It becomes a way of tightening the feedback loop between cause and effect. Between eating that extra bagel, and knowing you gained a few more pounds. http://www.withings.com/en/index/?taranim=1
- 39. Or track the quality of your sleep. http://www.myzeo.com/
- 40. The same thing is happening to education, of course. Grockit facilitates learning and test-prep by breaking down the problems into quantifiable chunks. Track how well you are performing at every *aspect* of math. Not simply through a grade at the end of the term/test.
- 41. Algorithmic homeworkassignment What happens when you leverage the trend in order to algorithmically assign more adequate homework assignments to the students?
- 42. Tighter feedbackloops “This is not the way to develop a complicated skill. It would be like trying to master the violin, say, by going blind to a recital, having an expert tell you all the ways you’ve failed, and letting that gestate for a few weeks before your next recital”. Equity in the feedback loop. It’s a way to raise the bar for everyone.
- 43. “Gamified”learning Or when you start “gamifying” the learning? Better rankings, better class overview, more incentives for the students to try harder.
- 46. The number of Google searches per day keeps going up. We are more than accustomed to having access to information at our fingertips. But comes “after” typing in queries into a computer?
- 47. Personalcomputing Ubiquitouscomputing We’re surrounding ourselves with ever more gadgets. All interconnected and covered in smart sensors.
- 48. GoogleGoggles So why have to look up the name of that bridge? Or who created that painting? Point your smartphone camera and have Google tell you. It’s called reverse image search, and it’s frankly uncanny.
- 49. GoogleVoiceSearch Speak your queries. Or have the phone listen in and proactively answer your questions (at some point in the future).
- 50. WordLens Realtime translations in your phone. You never have to get lost in a foreign culture again. Five dollars in the App Store.
- 51. ViconRevue Next step? Cameras everywhere. Wear one around your neck. http://www.viconrevue.com/index.html
- 52. Looxcie Or one on your ear. (Already for sale).
- 54. Heads-up-displays are still a few years away -- but they’ll come.
- 55. Wisdom Knowledge Information Data Who teaches our kids to sift through the information flood? How do we learn to judge the value and validity of this torrent of data? That’s probably the role of the educators today.
- 57. FUTURE LITERACY& NUMERACY What is the future of literacy?
- 58. 65%of today's grade school kids will end up at a job that hasn't been invented yet. Source: United States Department of Labor: Futurework - Trends and Challenges for Work in the 21st Century We are currently preparing for jobs that don’t yet exist, using technologies that haven’t been invented, In order to solve problems we don’t even know are problems yet.
- 59. PROGRAMMING INTERFACE PRIVACY MULTIMEDIA ATTENTION MULTITASKING CONCENTRATION We need to rethink the very basic skills that are being taught in school. Even more emphasis on future-proof skills such as Interface, Concentration and Attention. Those issues aren’t going anywhere. Today, programmers are just like scribes in the middle ages or ancient Egypt. In the future, everyone will be a programmer. Everyone will have to interact with all media. It’s no longer a “IT” problem.
- 60. Students should be taken to the edge of the precipice beyond which knowledge does not exist. HaroldInnis I love this phrase (because we have no other option than to be dragged, kicking and screaming, to this precipice).