1. www.StudsPlanet.com
IMPLICATIONS OF FOREIGN TRADE
POLICY AND
FACILITATION OF FOREIGN TRADE
A Presentation
S.R.Rao
Chief General Manager
Export-Import Bank of India

2. 2
Exim India
WHERE DOES INDIA STAND GLOBALLY?
International Trade of Select Countries in 2003
Country Exports Imports GDP Trade as % of GDP
(US$ bn.) (US$ bn.) (US$ bn.)
Korea 197.6 175.5 605.0 61.7
China 438.3 393.6 1446.9 57.5
Mexico 165.4 171.0 626.1 53.7
Russia 135.9 75.4 433.5 48.7
South Africa 38.7 35.0 160.1 46.0
Argentina 29.4 13.1 129.7 32.8
Brazil 73.1 48.3 492.1 24.7
India 57.0 74.3 588.8 22.3
Source: Economist Intelligence Unit
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 India’s share in global merchandise exports: 0.8% (2003)

3. 3
Exim India
INDIA’S EXPORT PERFORMANCE
India's Export Performance (1999-2000 to 2003-04)
63623
47742
52856
4397644147
36760
29751
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Years
US$million
All Commodities Agricultural & allied products
Ores & minerals Manufactured goods
Petroleum & crude products
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Source: DGCIS, MOC&I

4. 4
Exim India
INDIA’S IMPORT PERFORMANCE
India's Import Performance (1999-2000 to 2003-04)
77237
566135158850056
61572
49799
37172
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Years
US$million
All Commodities Petroleum crude & products Non-POL items
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Source: DGCIS, MOC&I

5. 5
Exim India
TRADE POLICIES IN INDIA
 Exim Policies
 Streamlined trade procedures
 Liberalised import regime
 Thrust on export orientation
 Medium Term Export Strategy, 2002
 1% share in global exports by 2007
 Foreign Trade Policy 2004-2009
 To double India’s share in global merchandise trade
by 2009
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6. 6
Exim India
ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS
 Institutions dedicated for promoting
foreign trade have played an important
role towards enhancing the process of
internationalisation of Indian companies,
viz.
 Export-Import Bank of India,
 Export Credit Guarantee Corporation,
 Indian Institute of Foreign Trade
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7. 7
Exim India
EXIM BANK
 Set up by an act of parliament in
September, 1981
 Wholly owned by Government of India
 Commenced operations in march, 1982
 Established “for providing financial assistance
to exporters and importers, and for functioning
as the principal financial institution for
coordinating the working of institutions
engaged in financing export and import of goods
and services with a view to promoting the
country’s international trade…”
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8. 8
Exim India
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2004-09
Quantum Jump in Merchandise Exports
Required:
 Enhance exports of major export
commodities
 Identify potential export commodities
 Diversify export destinations
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9. 9
Exim India
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2004-09
Exim Bank Study “Strategy for Quantum Jump in Exports:
Focus on Africa, Latin America and China”
India could aim to achieve:
 US$ 18 billion in Africa’s Imports by 2007
from US$ 3.8 bn in 2003-04
 US$ 4 bn in China’s imports by 2007 (in 64
identified groups) from US$ 0.86 bn in 2000
 US$ 1.8 bn in LAC’s imports by 2007 (in 100
identified groups) from US$ 0.6 bn in 2000
 Share in India’s Exports in 2003-04: Africa (6%); Latin
America (1.8%); China (4.7)
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10. 10
Exim IndiaLINES OF CREDIT
Overseas Governments
Parastatal Organisations/ Govt. Agencies
Commercial Banks
Regional Financial Institutions
Particularly relevant for SMEs
Eligible items – all items permissible under Exim Policy
 Engineering Goods
 Consumer Durables
 Commodities
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11. AFRICA ASIA EUROPE
ALGERIA PTA BANK covering BANGLADESH
GHANA BURUNDI INDONESIA KAZAKHSTAN
KENYA COMOROS IRAN , IRAQ BULGARIA
MALAWI DJIBOUTI SRI LANKA RUSSIA
MAURITIUS ERITREA, EGYPT KOREA ROMANIA
NAMIBIA ETHIOPIA MALAYSIA HUNGARY
SEYCHELLES KENYA THAILAND POLAND
SOUTH AFRICA MALAWI VIETNAM
SUDAN MAURITIUS PHILIPPINES
TANZANIA RWANDA
TUNISIA SOMALIA
UGANDA SUDAN LATIN AMERICA &
CARIB.
ZAMBIA TANZANIA
UGANDA BRAZIL MEXICO COLOMBIA
BOAD covering ZAMBIA JAMAICA VENEZUELA
BENIN ZIMBABWE
BURKINA FASO CAF covering BCIE covering
COTE D’IVOIRE BOLIVIA COSTA RICA
MALI EADB covering COLOMBIA EL SALVADOR
NIGER KENYA ECUADOR GUATEMALA
SENEGAL TANZANIA PERU HONDURAS
TOGO UGANDA VENEZUELA NICARAGUA
LOCs Extended by Exim Bank
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12. 12
Exim India
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2004-09
Simplifying procedures and bringing down
transaction costs
 Transaction costs are incurred at the pre and post-
production stages, and arise out from several
procedural complexities associated with
administrative processes, availability of finance
and transportation problems.
 For enhancing the growth of exports it is
important to reduce the transaction costs involved.
 Exim Bank Study on Transaction Costs of Indian
Exports
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13. 13
Exim India
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2004-09
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Sector No. of
Firms
Transaction costs as %
of export revenue (2003
Survey)
Transaction costs as
% of export revenue
(1998 Survey)
Textile/Garments 23 3-10 15
Engineering goods 18 < 5 10
Pharmaceuticals 9 ≤ 8 10
Chemicals 7 < 5 14
Computer software 9 1-5 10
Agro-Industries 2 1-2 7-8.5
Electronic & Electrical
machinery
3 5 -
Plastic components 2 5-10 -
Paper Industry 2 5-7 -
Others 7 1-2
Findings of Exim Bank’s Study

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Exim India
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2004-09
Transaction Costs: International Experience
 Simplified and less stringent bureaucratic procedures like
single window clearance and business friendly approach
 Better technology due to higher levels of foreign
investment, faster loading/unloading methods
 Flexible labour laws
 Cheap availability of power and raw materials,
 Freight incentives by the Government,
 Lower ocean freight rates due to greater availability of
vessels
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15. 15
Exim India
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2004-09
Special package for agriculture
 Duty free imports of capital goods
 Will lower production cost and hence improve
profitability
 Exports of medicinal plants & herbal products facilitated
 Global imports of medicinal plants: US$ 1 bn
(2001)
 India second largest exporter after China
 Potential to increase export to Rs. 1750 crore by
2006-07 and more than Rs. 2500 crore by 2009-
10.
 Global market for Herbal products: US$ 80 bn
 India’s exports of Herbal products: US$ 280 mn
(2002-03)
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16. 16
Exim India
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2004-09
Textile sector incentives
 Duty free entitlement for garments & handicrafts
increased from 3% to 5%
 Will help exporters to move up the value
chain
 However, further incentives required to
consolidate India’s position in the post-
MFA era
 Handicraft Special Economic Zone to be established
 Will contribute to strong growth in
handicraft exports
 Will generate employment opportunities
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17. 17
Exim India
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2004-09
Export Promotion Schemes
 Target Plus scheme introduced
 Will further boost exports from the successful
exporters
 Vishesh Krishi Upaj Yojana to boost horticulture
exports
 Global trade in horticulture: US$ 79 bn (1999)
 India’s exports: US$ Rs. 1830 cr (1999-2000)
 Success of AEZs for horticulture depend on
“the ability of the states to overcome existing
shortcomings in infrastructure, institutional
mechanism and policy and programme support
to achieve desired export orientation”
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18. 18
Exim India
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2004-09
Export Promotion Schemes
 “Services Export Promotion Council” to be set up
 “Served from India” scheme: Service providers who earn
forex of at least Rs. 5 lakhs will be eligible for duty
credit entitlement
 Will help small scale service providers
 Will enhance India’s share in global
exports of services (1.4% in 2003)
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19.  Feasibility study for establishment of an export credit and
guarantee facility for Gulf Cooperation Council countries
 Regional cooperation in export finance and export credit
 guarantees for ESCAP
 Study on promotion of international competitiveness and
exports of manufactured goods for ESCAP
 Setting up the Afrexim Bank
 Designing of Export Financing Programmes - Turkey
Exim Bank as a Consultant
Sharing Institutional Building Capabilities World wide
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20.  Setting up an Exim Bank in Malaysia
 Design of Export Marketing Seminars for SMEs in Vietnam
 Export Development Project : Ukraine
 Enterprise Support Fund : Armenia
 Establishing an Export Credit Guarantee Company in
Zimbabwe
 Advisory services to Industrial Development Corporation of
South Africa for international finance products
 Mauritius – Study on Projecting Mauritius as an Investment
Hub for Indian Firms
Sharing Institutional Building Capabilities World wide
Exim Bank as a Consultant
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21. 21
Exim India
Tie-up with
 International Finance Corporation, Washington D.C.
 Africa Project Development Facility
 Africa Enterprise Fund
 Mekong Project Development Facility
 South-East Europe Enterprise Development Facility
 Private Enterprise Partnership (CIS Countries)
 China Project Development Facility
 South Asia Enterprise Development Facility
 Eastern & Southern African Trade & Development Bank (PTA
Bank)
 African Management Services Company (AMSCO)
 Exim sponsors consultants under GoI-AfDB cooperation Agreement
PROMOTING INDIAN CONSULTANCY
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22. Advisory Services
Multilateral Agencies Funded Projects Overseas (MFPO)
Information and support services to Indian companies to help
improve their prospects for securing business in multilateral
agencies funded projects.
 Dissemination of business opportunities in funded projects
 Providing detailed information on projects of interest
 Information on Procurement Guidelines, Policies, Practices of
 Multilateral Agencies
 Assistance for Registration with Multilateral Agencies
 Advising Indian companies on preparation of Expression
of Interest, Capability Profile
 Bid Intervention
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23. 23
Exim India
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2004-09
Export Oriented Units
 Exemption from service tax
 EOUs permitted to retain 100% of export earnings in
EEFC accounts
 Income tax benefits to DTA units which convert to
EOUs
 All these should considerably increase
export growth from the EOUs
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24. 24
Exim India
Software Training
Institutes
Minor Ports
Technology Parks
EOU Projects &
TUFS
EXIM BANK:
FINANCING OF EXPORT-ORIENTED COMPANIES
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Term Loans
Project
Finance
Equipment
Finance
Working
Capital
Overseas
Investment Finance
Long Term
upto 5 years
Term Loans
for 1-2 years
Loans to Indian
companies for Equity
Investment in their
ventures overseas
Loans to Indian
companies to olden to
their overseas
ventures
Other
Programmes
Export
Marketing
Finance
Export Product
Development
Finance for
R&D
Short Term
< 1 year
Direct Equity stake

25. 25
Exim India
Multilateral Agencies
 World Bank
 Asian Development Bank
 African Development Bank
 European Bank for Reconstruction & Development
 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
 International Finance Corporation (IFC)
 UNIDO - Industrial Promotion Offices
 Afrexim Bank
 Eastern & Southern African Trade &
 Development Bank (PTA Bank)
INSTITUTIONAL LINKAGES
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26. 26
Exim India
 Board of Investment of Sri Lanka
 Hatton National Bank, Sri Lanka
 China National Technical Import & Export Corporation
 Polish Agency for Foreign Investment (PAIZ).
 Hungarian Investment and Trade Development Agency
 UNIDO Industrial Cooperation & Investment Promotion Service, Poland
 Economic Development Board, Bahrain
 Investment & Trade Promotion Centre, Vietnam
Centero Estero Vineto, Italy
Institutional Linkages
Trade & Investment Promotion Agencies
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27. 27
Exim India
Export Credit Agencies
 The Export-Import Bank of China.
 Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
 Czech Export Bank.
 Hungarian Export-Import Bank Ltd.
 Uzbekinvest – National Export-Import Insurance Company.
Exim Bank of Romania.
Institutional Linkages
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28. 28
Exim India
 Board of Investment of Sri Lanka
 Hatton National Bank, Sri Lanka
 China National Technical Import & Export Corporation
 Polish Agency for Foreign Investment (PAIZ).
 Hungarian Investment and Trade Development Agency
 UNIDO Industrial Cooperation & Investment Promotion Service, Poland
 Economic Development Board, Bahrain
 Investment & Trade Promotion Centre, Vietnam
Centero Estero Vineto, Italy
Institutional Linkages
Trade & Investment Promotion Agencies
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29. 29
Exim India
EXIM BANK : PARTNER IN GLOBALISATION
Technology
Capital (Foreign
Investment)
Raw Materials
Capital Goods
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Final Products
Capital Goods
Capital
(Overseas
Ventures)
Product
Development
Production
Marketing
Pre shipment
Post shipment
VALUE
ADDITION
EXPORT
M
P
O
R
I
T

30. 30
Exim India
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2004-09
Final Observations
 Import of second hand capital goods allowed without
age restrictions
 No outdated technology should be
imported
 “Special Focus Initiatives”
 Could be extended to other sectors of high
export orientation like chemicals &
pharmaceuticals
 Export orientation of FDI should be increased
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31. 31
Exim India
FDI AND EXPORTS
Sector Share in FDI (%)
Transportation industry 7.50
Computer software industry 6.46
Chemicals & pharmaceuticals 5.70
Textiles 1.20
Leather & leather goods 0.20
Services (incl. Hotels & Tourism) 8.37
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Source: SIA, MOC&I
Low share of FDI in major export sectors