11. Roof Water Harvesting Rooftops of houses are excellent collection centers for rainwater. If properly diverted from rooftops and used for artificial recharge, rainwater will augment the groundwater table to a sufficient extent In Roof water Harvesting, the roof is connected to the well through a network of pipes and filtering system Rainwater that lands on roofs and elevated platforms is likely to be contaminated by foreign elements, such as dust, leaves and bird droppings. These foreign elements can be prevented from entering the well by flushing
22. Disadvantages of rain water harvesting The success of rainfall harvesting depends upon the frequency and amount of rainfall; therefore, it is not a dependable water source in times of dry weather or prolonged drought. · Low storage capacities will limit rainwater harvesting so that the system may not be able to provide water in a low rainfall period. Increased storage capacities add to construction and operating costs and may make the technology economically unfeasible, unless it is subsidized by government.
30. Soil management techniques: Tillage during the off-season or in pre-rainy season helps with rain water intake by breaking the hard soil and making the soil surface more permeable. This allows water to seep to the deeper soil layers and keeps the soil wet for longer time. The result is the soil will have more moisture during sowing the crop. Tillage also controls weeds which depletes the soil moisture. Off-season tillage also destroys the offs, cocoons and larvae of some pests by exposing them to the sun which otherwise affect the already stressed crop plants.
31. Crop management techniques : Avoid growing of drought prone crops like maize, cotton etc. Growing drought resistant grain crops like sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, fox tail millet etc. Growing drought resistant legume crops like pigeon pea, green gram, horse gram etc. Growing of oil seed crops like castor, sunflower, Niger, sesame, safflower etc.
32. Intercropping systems Intercropping refers to growing more than one crop in the same land area in rows of definite proportion and pattern. Intercropping system provides insurance against total crop failure in drought prone areas .
33. Surface Mulching: Surface mulching either by timely inter cultivation or by covering the soil surface with plant residues benefits the crops Reduce water evaporation from soil Reduces water runoffs from the cropped fields. Help control weeds. Adds organic matter to the soil and improves soil quality .
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