A ppt enumerating the harmful effects of mobiles on humans and some preventive measures. For explanation on various slides, refer WIKIPEDIA

1. Submitted by: Surbhi Vijh UE85098 BE ECE (II), 7 th Sem

2. “ If we continue to develop our technology without wisdom or prudence, our servant may prove to be our executioner”. - Omar N. Bradley

5. FIRST MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM One and only one high power base station with which all users communicate. Normal Telephone System Wired connection

10. CHANGING THE CELL

11. ADVANTAGE: In typical analog cell phone system, each carrier receives about 800 frequencies to use across a city. With the use of this concept, different cells (non-adjacent) can use the same set of frequencies.

20. ILL EFFECTS OF MOBILES

22. 3 sources of radiation

25. DIELECTRIC HEATING

27. 4. BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER EFFECTS Mobile phones open up the Blood Brain Barrier

29. 5. CANCER AND BRAIN TUMOUR

30. 6. COGNITIVE EFFECTS 7. ELECTROMAGNETIC HYPERSENSITIVITY The study confirmed longer (slower) response times to a spatial working memory task when exposed to RFR from a standard GSM cellular phone placed next to the head of male subjects, and showed that longer duration of exposure to RFR may increase the effects on performance. Several unspecific symptoms during and after use; ranging from burning and tingling sensations in the skin of the head and extremities, fatigue , sleep disturbances, dizziness , loss of mental attention , reaction times and memory retentiveness, headaches, malaise, tachycardia ( heart palpitations), to disturbances of the digestive system . Reports have noted that all of these symptoms can also be attributed to stress and that current research cannot separate the symptoms from nocebo effects.

31. 8. GENOTOXIC EFFECT 9. SLEEP AND EEG EFFECTS Sleep, EEG and waking rCBF(regional cerebral blood flow) have been studied in relation to RF exposure for a decade now, and the majority of papers published to date have found some form of effect. Australian research conducted in 2009 by subjecting in vitro samples of human spermatozoa to radio-frequency radiation at 1.8 GHz and specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.4 to 27.5 W/kg showed a correlation between increasing SAR and decreased motility and vitality in sperm, increased oxidative stress , stimulating DNA base adduct formation and increased DNA fragmentation .

32. 10. DECREASED HIP-BONE DENSITY Men who routinely wear their cell phones clipped to their belts have a reduced bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip, according to a study from National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. Electromagnetic radiation is theorized to be the cause of the decrease in bone strength.

34. Cell phones may interfere with pacemakers

39. HEALTH HAZARDS OF BASE STATIONS

41. SAFETY AND STANDARDS

43. ICNIRP Reference Levels

44. Therefore, more the number of towers, less will be power transmitted by your cell phone Safety Limits – Proximity devices Device FCC /OSHA Typical Comment Cell phone / mobile phone / PDA / Scanner 1.6 W/kg over 1 gram of body mass, 4 W near hands, wrists, feet and ankles 0.1mW to 0.5W at the handset 0.5 W if user is at edge of the cell, 0.1mW if user is near a cell tower +

45. PRECAUTIONS

55. Cell Phone EMF Radiation Detector Cell Phone & Small Appliance EMF Anti-Radiation Protector Strip Cell-Shield Cell Phone Case with Radiation Shield (Model A) Cell Phone Radiation Shield - Anti-Radiation Shield Sticker for Cellular Phones RF3 ENVi Natural Wood Stereo Earbud Cell Phone Headset with 3.5 mm Jack Airtube Wireless "Single" Ear Hook Headphone Radiation Free Fits Both 2.5mm and 3.5mm Jack , Compatible with Ipod, Iphone & Blackberry and All Cellphones with 2.5mm and 3.5mm Jack

57. THANK YOU