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NEWMONT
GHANA
FV TOOL
PROJECT
Witold	
  Henisz,	
  Deloi/e	
  &	
  Touche	
  Professor	
  of	
  Management,	
  	
  
The	
  Wharton	
  School,	
  University	
  of	
  Pennsylvania	
  
IntroducAon	
  to	
  the	
  FV	
  Tool	
  (www.fvtool.com)	
  
2	
  
§ Es0mates	
  expected	
  net	
  present	
  values	
  (NPV)	
  of	
  local	
  investments	
  	
  
§ 	
  Answers	
  two	
  cri0cal	
  ques0ons:	
  
§ “what”	
  is	
  the	
  right	
  porDolio	
  of	
  sustainability	
  investments?	
  
§ “what”	
  is	
  the	
  financial	
  return	
  they	
  will	
  likely	
  bring?	
  
§ 	
  Supports	
  alignment	
  across	
  finance,	
  risk,	
  opera0ons,	
  social,	
  HR	
  
FV Investment Scenarios
Scenario	
  B	
  :	
  
	
  
•  Health:	
  expanding	
  mi+ga+on	
  
for	
  broader	
  popula+on	
  
	
  
•  Water	
  &	
  Sanita2on:	
  
expanding	
  mi+ga+on	
  for	
  
broader	
  popula+on	
  
Scenario	
  A:	
  
	
  
•  Health:	
  mi+ga+on	
  	
  only	
  
for	
  workers	
  &	
  community	
  
•  Water	
  &	
  Sanita2on:	
  
mi+ga+on	
  	
  only	
  for	
  
workers	
  &	
  community	
  
Difference	
  
between	
  Scenario	
  
A	
  and	
  B	
  
Value	
  Driver	
  Examples	
  
§ More	
  Conciliatory	
  Land	
  Acquisi0on	
  Process:	
  	
  
§ $2.87	
  per	
  square	
  foot	
  less	
  than	
  expected	
  leading	
  to	
  $230,000	
  savings.	
  	
  
§ 	
  Four	
  months	
  faster	
  than	
  expected	
  leading	
  to	
  $700,000	
  more	
  revenue.	
  
	
  
§ Malaria	
  Eradica0on:	
  	
  
§ Reduc0on	
  from	
  3,195	
  cases	
  of	
  malaria	
  to	
  0	
  
§ 3	
  days	
  of	
  absence	
  from	
  work	
  or	
  $120	
  of	
  lost	
  produc0vity	
  
§ Savings	
  of	
  $30	
  worth	
  of	
  treatment	
  
§ Addi0onal	
  lost	
  work	
  an	
  produc0vity	
  for	
  family	
  illness	
  
§ Higher	
  recruitment	
  and	
  reten0on	
  costs	
  for	
  most	
  skilled	
  workers	
  
§ $850,000,	
  two-­‐year	
  program	
  	
  
§ Distributed	
  bed	
  nets,	
  instructed	
  and	
  monitored	
  use	
  
§ Sprayed	
  insec0cide	
  &	
  improved	
  drainage	
  to	
  eliminate	
  breeding	
  pools.	
  	
  
Indirect Value Protection Based on Six Project Risks!
•  Roadblocks that disrupted production which were expected to
occur once every other year, last one week and cost a fixed $3m
plus one week of lost revenue."
•  Serious complaints which are expected to occur 12 times per year
with an expected average cost of $50,000. "
•  Exploration protests which were expected to occur every other
year, last two weeks and cost $5m plus two weeks of lost revenue."
•  Fines and legal judgments which were expected to occur every
third year with an average cost of $3m."
•  Water protests which were expected to occur every other year with
an average cost of $200,000"
•  The risk of expropriation which was estimated at a 1 in 1,000
probability in any given year."
5	
  
FVTOOL,	
  Value	
  ProtecAon	
  
	
  	
  
FVTOOL, Monte Carlo Simulation!
Value	
  in	
  Billions	
  
Occurrences	
  
7	
  
FVTOOL, NPV of sustainability!
Dashboard	
  -­‐	
  Total	
  Sustainability	
  Value	
  Added	
  
For	
  $2billion	
  CAPEX	
  project,	
  sustainability	
  investments	
  returned	
  
as	
  much	
  as	
  $187	
  million	
  of	
  NPV.	
  
8	
  
Notable Quotes: Sustainability Team
When	
  we	
  first	
  heard	
  of	
  it,	
  those	
  of	
  us	
  on	
  
the	
  social	
  side	
  were	
  happy	
  to	
  get	
  
something	
  that	
  would	
  help	
  Finance	
  
understand	
  us.	
  We	
  are	
  more	
  confident	
  in	
  
cos+ng	
  the	
  programs	
  that	
  we	
  do.	
  This	
  
puts	
  us	
  in	
  a	
  much	
  be@er	
  posi+on	
  with	
  
finance.	
  In	
  previous	
  mee+ngs,	
  other	
  
departments	
  had	
  figures	
  and	
  we	
  had	
  to	
  
talk	
  to	
  explain.	
  Now	
  we	
  are	
  puDng	
  
figures	
  to	
  our	
  words	
  just	
  like	
  other	
  
departments.	
  
The	
  change	
  within	
  the	
  ESR	
  team	
  is	
  
marked.	
  What	
  are	
  these	
  risks	
  that	
  
we	
  are	
  trying	
  to	
  mi+gate?	
  Are	
  their	
  
costs	
  jus+fied	
  in	
  terms	
  or	
  risk	
  
mi+ga+on?	
  Previously	
  program	
  
owners	
  were	
  not	
  connec+ng	
  the	
  
dots	
  to	
  risk	
  mi+ga+on	
  or	
  value	
  
crea+on.	
  Now	
  we	
  challenge	
  the	
  
numbers.	
  Previously,	
  we	
  had	
  no	
  
framework	
  to	
  evaluate.	
  People	
  are	
  
now	
  trying	
  to	
  highlight	
  the	
  value	
  of	
  
their	
  ini+a+ves	
  for	
  the	
  business	
  not	
  
just	
  for	
  stakeholders.	
  
Notable Quotes: Finance Team
My	
  biggest	
  surprise	
  was	
  that	
  it	
  is	
  possible	
  
for	
  the	
  ESR	
  team	
  to	
  have	
  a	
  conversa+on	
  in	
  
financial	
  terms.	
  Every	
  conversa+on	
  I	
  had	
  
with	
  them	
  before,	
  …	
  they	
  never	
  could	
  
ar+culate	
  their	
  assump+ons	
  and	
  
acknowledge	
  costs	
  and	
  benefits.	
  Now	
  they	
  
can	
  and	
  do.	
  They	
  have	
  their	
  act	
  together	
  
and	
  can	
  explain	
  a	
  business	
  case	
  …	
  
Previously,	
  they	
  were	
  not	
  able	
  to	
  see	
  their	
  
business	
  case.	
  …	
  Finance	
  and	
  
[Environment	
  and	
  Social	
  Responsibility]	
  
are	
  now	
  working	
  together	
  much	
  be@er	
  
than	
  before.	
  Just	
  those	
  changes	
  alone	
  
jus+fy	
  the	
  effort	
  put	
  into	
  the	
  pilot.	
  
	
  
Ebenezer	
  Kyere-­‐Buabeng	
  ,	
  Finance	
  
Newmont	
  Ghana	
  Gold	
  
In	
  the	
  last	
  business	
  planning	
  
mee+ng,	
  I	
  saw	
  a	
  huge	
  
improvement	
  in	
  SR's	
  presenta+on	
  
of	
  budget	
  and	
  supported	
  by	
  data	
  of	
  
the	
  business	
  benefits	
  of	
  SR	
  
programs.	
  The	
  mee+ng	
  went	
  very	
  
smoothly	
  compared	
  to	
  previous	
  
mee+ngs.	
  	
  
	
  
Lester	
  Ampong,	
  Senior	
  Business	
  
Planning	
  Analyst,	
  Newmont	
  Ghana	
  
Gold	
  
	
  
Notable Quotes: Group Executive
Quan+fying	
  the	
  net	
  present	
  value	
  
of	
  sustainability	
  ini+a+ves	
  at	
  
Newmont’s	
  Ahafo	
  mine	
  in	
  Ghana	
  
had	
  finally	
  allowed	
  the	
  company	
  to	
  
get	
  “Beyond	
  NPV.”	
  
	
  
	
  
Nick	
  Cocs,	
  
Group	
  Execu0ve,	
  ESR	
  
Key Findings of FV Ahafo Pilot and 

Developments over Last 9 Months!
•  Value creation swamped by value protection!
•  Estimates of latter mostly qualitative in FVTOOL!
•  Need better quantification of stakeholder preferences
within FVTOOL!
•  Who wants what how badly?!
•  Who has power?!
•  Who influences whom?!
•  Jan 2013 add-on incorporates stakeholder influence into
risk mitigation consequence but how to sequence
stakeholder mapping & analysis and financial valuation?!
•  Cross-functional conversations and collaboration swamped
value of npv calculation!
! 12	
  
4.	
  STRATEGIC	
  RECOMMENDATIONS	
  
&	
  SCENARIO	
  ANALYSIS	
  
•  Ini+a+ves:	
  	
  Around	
  which	
  issues?	
  
•  Coali+on-­‐building:	
  	
  With	
  which	
  partners?	
  	
  	
  
•  Performance:	
  	
  How	
  might	
  specific	
  inita0ves	
  play	
  out?	
  
3.	
  STRATEGIC	
  PRIORITIZATION	
  OF	
  
STAKEHOLDERS	
  &	
  ISSUES	
  
•  Power:	
  	
  Who	
  influences	
  whom?	
  
•  Salience:	
  	
  How	
  much	
  do	
  they	
  care?	
  
•  Effec+ve	
  power	
  =	
  Power	
  ×	
  Salience	
  
2.	
  OPINION	
  &	
  ISSUE	
  IDENTIFICATION	
  
•  Social	
  License:	
  	
  Opinion	
  of	
  company	
  and	
  project?	
  
•  Preoccupa+ons:	
  	
  Key	
  issues	
  of	
  concern?	
  
1.	
  STAKEHOLDER	
  CENSUS	
  
•  Coverage:	
  	
  All	
  local	
  &	
  na0onal	
  stakeholder	
  organiza0ons	
  
•  Method:	
  	
  Field	
  interviews	
  by	
  trained	
  local	
  teams	
  
•  Data	
  collected:	
  	
  Opinions,	
  issues	
  of	
  concern,	
  rela0onships	
  	
  	
  
Ø  A	
  “stakeholder”	
  is	
  any	
  external	
  group	
  or	
  organiza0on	
  that	
  
can	
  significantly	
  affect	
  a	
  company	
  or	
  project’s	
  opera0ons,	
  or	
  
that	
  is	
  significantly	
  affected	
  by	
  these	
  opera0ons.	
  	
  
Ø  We	
  begin	
  an	
  engagement	
  by	
  compiling	
  data	
  on	
  stakeholders’	
  
concerns	
  and	
  priori0es,	
  opinions	
  toward	
  the	
  company	
  or	
  
project,	
  and	
  rela0ons	
  with	
  each	
  other.	
  	
  
Ø  A	
  stakeholder	
  census—in	
  which	
  specially	
  trained	
  teams	
  
acempt	
  to	
  interview	
  representa0ves	
  from	
  all	
  of	
  a	
  company	
  
or	
  project’s	
  stakeholders—provides	
  the	
  most	
  reliable	
  data.	
  
Ø  When	
  a	
  census	
  is	
  imprac0cal	
  or	
  infeasible,	
  we	
  employ	
  
secondary	
  sources	
  such	
  as	
  tradi0onal	
  news	
  media,	
  “social”	
  
media,	
  expert	
  assessments,	
  and	
  internal	
  client	
  data.	
  
Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis:!Workflow!
Social License:



	
  
*	
  Adapted	
  from	
  Thomson	
  &	
  Bou+lier	
  (2011)	
  
Four Levels!
Ø  Psychological	
  iden2fica2on.	
  
Stakeholders	
  feel	
  a	
  sense	
  of	
  “co-­‐
ownership”	
  and	
  advocate	
  on	
  behalf	
  of	
  
company	
  proposals.	
  
Ø  Approval.	
  Stakeholders	
  perceive	
  
company	
  proposals	
  as	
  credible.	
  
Ø  Acceptance.	
  Stakeholders	
  evaluate	
  
company	
  proposals	
  on	
  a	
  
case-­‐by-­‐case	
  basis.	
  
Ø  Withheld/withdrawn.	
  Stakeholders’
nega0ve	
  percep0ons	
  result	
  in	
  ac0ons	
  
that	
  compromise	
  access	
  to	
  finance,	
  
legal	
  license,	
  material,	
  labor,	
  markets,	
  
supply	
  chain,	
  etc.	
  
Social	
  license	
  to	
  operate	
  (SLO):	
  stakeholder	
  percep+ons	
  of	
  the	
  
acceptability	
  of	
  a	
  company	
  &	
  its	
  local	
  opera+ons	
  at	
  a	
  point	
  in	
  +me.	
  
Social	
  contract	
  
Stakeholders	
  perceive	
  the	
  company	
  
to	
  respect	
  their	
  culture	
  &	
  customs,	
  
meet	
  their	
  expecta0ons	
  about	
  its	
  
role	
  in	
  society,	
  and	
  act	
  fairly.	
  
Legi2macy	
  of	
  benefits	
  
Stakeholders	
  perceive	
  net	
  
economic	
  benefit	
  from	
  project.	
  
Ins2tu2onalized	
  trust	
  	
  
Stakeholders	
  perceive	
  the	
  company	
  to	
  have	
  an	
  enduring	
  
regard	
  for	
  their	
  interests,	
  which	
  they	
  reciprocate.	
  
Social	
  capital	
  
Stakeholders	
  perceive	
  the	
  company	
  
to	
  listen,	
  respond,	
  keep	
  promises,	
  
engage	
  in	
  dialogue,	
  and	
  exhibit	
  
reciprocity.	
  
Four Components!Social License:



	
  
Social	
  contract	
  
Stakeholders	
  perceive	
  the	
  company	
  
to	
  respect	
  their	
  culture	
  &	
  customs,	
  
meet	
  their	
  expecta0ons	
  about	
  its	
  
role	
  in	
  society,	
  and	
  act	
  fairly.	
  
Ins2tu2onalized	
  trust	
  	
  
Stakeholders	
  perceive	
  the	
  company	
  to	
  have	
  an	
  enduring	
  
regard	
  for	
  their	
  interests,	
  which	
  they	
  reciprocate.	
  
Social	
  capital	
  
Stakeholders	
  perceive	
  the	
  company	
  
to	
  listen,	
  respond,	
  keep	
  promises,	
  
engage	
  in	
  dialogue,	
  and	
  exhibit	
  
reciprocity.	
  
Legi2macy	
  of	
  benefits	
  
Stakeholders	
  perceive	
  net	
  
economic	
  benefit	
  from	
  project.	
  
Four Components!Social License:



	
  
Social	
  contract	
  
Ø The	
  company	
  contributes	
  to	
  our	
  
well-­‐being	
  in	
  the	
  long	
  run.	
  
Ø The	
  company	
  treats	
  everyone	
  fairly.	
  
Ø The	
  company	
  respects	
  our	
  ways.	
  
Ø Our	
  organiza0on	
  and	
  the	
  company	
  
have	
  a	
  similar	
  vision	
  for	
  the	
  future.	
  
Social	
  capital	
  
Ø The	
  company	
  honors	
  its	
  word	
  to	
  us.	
  
Ø We	
  are	
  very	
  sa0sfied	
  with	
  our	
  
rela0ons	
  with	
  the	
  company.	
  
Ø The	
  presence	
  of	
  the	
  company	
  is	
  a	
  
benefit	
  to	
  us.	
  
Ø The	
  company	
  listens	
  to	
  us.	
  
Ins2tu2onalized	
  trust	
  	
  
Ø The	
  company	
  gives	
  more	
  support	
  to	
  those	
  it	
  nega0vely	
  affects.	
  
Ø The	
  company	
  shares	
  decision-­‐making.	
  
Ø The	
  company	
  considers	
  our	
  interests.	
  
Ø The	
  company	
  openly	
  shares	
  relevant	
  informa0on	
  with	
  us.	
  
Legi2macy	
  of	
  benefits	
  
Ø We	
  can	
  gain	
  from	
  a	
  rela0onship	
  with	
  the	
  company.	
  
Ø We	
  need	
  the	
  company’s	
  coopera0on	
  to	
  meet	
  our	
  goals.	
  
Measurement!
We	
  measure	
  the	
  four	
  components	
  of	
  the	
  social	
  license	
  by	
  
asking	
  interviewees	
  to	
  rate	
  their	
  level	
  of	
  agreement	
  or	
  
disagreement	
  with	
  a	
  series	
  of	
  statements.	
  
Social License:



	
  
This	
  methodology	
  has	
  been	
  validated	
  in	
  more	
  than	
  1,500	
  
stakeholder	
  interviews	
  at	
  mining	
  and	
  construc0on	
  sites	
  
located	
  on	
  four	
  con0nents.	
  	
  
Capital City of Country A
Mine Site A
Mine Site B
Country	
  A	
  
Capital
City of
Country B
Mine 1 Mine 2 Mine 3
Score	
  (out	
  of	
  5.0)	
  
Stakeholder	
  Support	
  for	
  Two	
  West	
  African	
  Mines	
  
Stakeholder	
  support	
  in	
  capital	
  ci+es	
  is	
  
significantly	
  higher	
  than	
  at	
  mine	
  sites.	
  	
  
Score	
  (out	
  of	
  5.0)	
  
5	
  =	
  strongly	
  agree	
  with	
  	
  
3	
  =	
  neither	
  agree	
  nor	
  disagree	
  
1	
  =	
  strongly	
  disagree	
  
Country	
  B	
  
2.	
  OPINION	
  &	
  ISSUE	
  IDENTIFICATION	
  
•  Social	
  License:	
  	
  Opinion	
  of	
  company	
  and	
  project?	
  
•  Preoccupa+ons:	
  	
  Key	
  issues	
  of	
  concern?	
  
Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis:!Workflow!
Ø  To	
  iden0fy	
  the	
  issues	
  contribu0ng	
  to	
  the	
  gran0ng	
  or	
  
withdrawal	
  of	
  the	
  social	
  license,	
  we	
  ask	
  interviewees	
  what	
  
the	
  most	
  important	
  concerns	
  for	
  their	
  community	
  or	
  
organiza0on	
  are.	
  
Ø  We	
  parse	
  interviewees’	
  responses	
  to	
  this	
  open-­‐ended	
  
ques0on	
  and	
  assign	
  a	
  numeric	
  code	
  to	
  each	
  dis0nct	
  issue	
  
men0oned.	
  
Ø  We	
  group	
  individual	
  issues	
  into	
  global	
  categories	
  such	
  as	
  	
  
“environment”	
  and	
  “health,”	
  as	
  well	
  as	
  intermediate	
  
categories	
  within	
  the	
  global	
  categories.	
  
CMTY
Country	
  A	
  	
  
Mine	
  Site	
  A	
  


Top	
  stakeholder
concerns	
  by	
  
socioeconomic	
  
group	
  
	
  
(bubbles	
  indicate	
  
average	
  menAons	
  
per	
  stakeholder)	
  
Ø  The	
  ver0cal	
  axis	
  iden0fies	
  
global	
  issue	
  categories.	
  
Ø  The	
  horizontal	
  axis	
  
classifies	
  stakeholders	
  by	
  
socioeconomic	
  group.	
  
Ø  The	
  number	
  inside	
  each	
  
bubble	
  represents	
  the	
  
average	
  number	
  of	
  0mes	
  
the	
  corresponding	
  issue	
  
was	
  men0oned	
  per	
  
stakeholder	
  in	
  the	
  relevant	
  
group.	
  
Ø  Larger	
  bubbles	
  indicate	
  
higher	
  men0on	
  
frequencies.	
  
Wide	
  agreement	
  among	
  
socioeconomic	
  groups	
  on	
  
top	
  three	
  issue	
  categories.	
  
	
  
4.	
  STRATEGIC	
  RECOMMENDATIONS	
  
&	
  SCENARIO	
  ANALYSIS	
  
•  Ini+a+ves:	
  	
  Around	
  which	
  issues?	
  
•  Coali+on-­‐building:	
  	
  With	
  which	
  partners?	
  	
  	
  
•  Performance:	
  	
  How	
  might	
  specific	
  inita0ves	
  play	
  out?	
  
3.	
  STRATEGIC	
  PRIORITIZATION	
  OF	
  
STAKEHOLDERS	
  &	
  ISSUES	
  
•  Power:	
  	
  Who	
  influences	
  whom?	
  
•  Salience:	
  	
  How	
  much	
  do	
  they	
  care?	
  
•  Effec+ve	
  power	
  =	
  Power	
  ×	
  Salience	
  
Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis:!Workflow!
2.	
  OPINION	
  &	
  ISSUE	
  IDENTIFICATION	
  
•  Social	
  License:	
  	
  Opinion	
  of	
  company	
  and	
  project?	
  
•  Preoccupa+ons:	
  	
  Key	
  issues	
  of	
  concern?	
  
Ø  For	
  purposes	
  of	
  developing	
  a	
  stakeholder	
  engagement	
  strategy,	
  
stakeholders	
  and	
  issues	
  must	
  be	
  priori0zed.	
  
Ø  Emphasizing	
  the	
  issues	
  of	
  the	
  most	
  nega0vely	
  disposed	
  or	
  loudest	
  
stakeholders	
  creates	
  perverse	
  incen0ves	
  and	
  may	
  be	
  an	
  inefficient	
  
use	
  of	
  company	
  resources.	
  	
  	
  
Ø  Similarly,	
  addressing	
  the	
  most	
  commonly-­‐cited	
  issues	
  rests	
  on	
  the	
  
unwarranted	
  assump0on	
  that	
  all	
  stakeholders	
  merit	
  equal	
  acen0on.	
  
Ø  To	
  priori0ze	
  stakeholders	
  and	
  issues,	
  we	
  use	
  interview	
  data	
  to	
  assess	
  
each	
  stakeholder's	
  power	
  to	
  influence	
  other	
  stakeholders,	
  as	
  well	
  as	
  
the	
  extent	
  to	
  which	
  each	
  stakeholder	
  regards	
  company	
  or	
  project-­‐
related	
  issues	
  as	
  salient.	
  
Ø  We	
  use	
  the	
  measures	
  of	
  salience	
  and	
  power,	
  along	
  with	
  a	
  combined	
  
measure	
  labeled	
  “effec0ve	
  power,”	
  to	
  apply	
  a	
  series	
  of	
  weigh0ng	
  
schemes	
  to	
  the	
  raw	
  data	
  on	
  issues	
  and	
  priori0es.	
  
1.	
  STAKEHOLDER	
  CENSUS	
  
•  Coverage:	
  	
  All	
  local	
  &	
  na0onal	
  stakeholder	
  organiza0ons	
  
•  Method:	
  	
  Field	
  interviews	
  by	
  trained	
  local	
  teams	
  
•  Data	
  collected:	
  	
  Opinions,	
  issues	
  of	
  concern,	
  rela0onships	
  	
  	
  
Cmty
Country	
  A	
  	
  
Mine	
  Site	
  A	
  


Top	
  stakeholder
concerns	
  by	
  
socioeconomic	
  
group	
  
	
  
(bubbles	
  indicate	
  	
  
average	
  menAons	
  
per	
  stakeholder	
  
	
  weighted	
  by	
  
effec2ve	
  power)	
  
	
  
	
  
Rela0vely	
  more	
  
important	
  now	
  	
  
No	
  longer	
  
broadly	
  important	
  
•  Supporters must be given real
responsibilities and authority to sway
waverers. "
•  Cheerleaders must be managed with care
so as not to damage other relationships."
•  Waverers are targets (for both sides)."
•  Bystanders are allies with low salience.
Keep them informed so that they feel
consulted."
•  Ignore disinterested skeptics.!
•  Strategize to defeat interrogators and
challengers, but in a way that allows them
a face-saving way out. " ""
•  Not much one can do about unpredictable
opponents—watch them carefully."
Adapted from D’Herbemont & César
(1998), Managing Sensitive Projects
Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis:!Prioritization!
−	
  
−	
  
+	
  
+	
  
Social	
  License	
  
Salience	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
In	
  addi0on	
  to	
  priori0zing	
  specific	
  issues	
  of	
  concern	
  
according	
  to	
  different	
  socioeconomic	
  groups’	
  
effec0ve	
  power,	
  we	
  also	
  classify	
  stakeholders	
  into	
  
“strategic	
  groups”	
  based	
  on	
  acributes	
  such	
  as	
  level	
  
of	
  social	
  license	
  and	
  salience.	
  We	
  use	
  these	
  
groupings	
  to	
  differen0ate	
  approaches	
  for	
  
engaging	
  with	
  specific	
  stakeholders.	
  
strategic	
  
group	
  
weighted	
  by	
  
effecAve	
  power)	
  
	
  
	
  
3.9
3.8
3.6
5.2
4.4
7.2
6.9
5.3
7.0
6.4
7.0
4.6
6.2
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
7.2
4.5
4.5
7.9
11.7
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.5
0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5
sanitation/hygiene	
  
rates	
  and	
  payments
education	
  infrastructure
water
community	
  
infrastructure
negative	
  health	
  concerns
Education/skills	
  training
information	
  provision
wa-­‐
ver-­‐
ers	
  
(n=30)
cheer	
  
lea-­‐
ders	
  
(n=24)
sup-­‐
por-­‐
ters	
  
(n=22)
disint.	
  
skep-­‐
tic	
  
(n=19)
by-­‐
stan-­‐
ders	
  
(n=18)
inter-­‐
roga-­‐
tors	
  
(n=17)
chal-­‐
len-­‐
gers	
  
(n=6)
oppo-­‐
nents	
  
(n=2)
#N#N/A
#N/A
unemployment
0
0
0
0
transport	
  infrastructure
land	
  use	
  and	
  waste
Country	
  A,	
  Mine	
  Site	
  A	
  




Top	
  stakeholder
concerns	
  by	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
(bubbles	
  indicate	
  	
  
average	
  menAons	
  
per	
  stakeholder)	
  
	
  
SOCIAL	
  LICENSE:	
  
SALIENCE:	
  MED	
  
	
  
	
  
SOCIAL	
  LICENSE:	
  
SALIENCE:	
  HI	
  
	
  
	
  
SOCIAL	
  LICENSE:	
  
SALIENCE:	
  HI	
  
	
  
	
  
SOCIAL	
  LICENSE:	
  
SALIENCE:	
  HI	
  
	
  
The	
  fact	
  that	
  “cheerleaders”	
  and	
  
“supporters”	
  share	
  the	
  same	
  issues	
  
of	
  concern	
  as	
  “opponents”	
  
represents	
  an	
  opportunity.	
  
Members	
  of	
  the	
  first	
  two	
  groups,	
  
whose	
  numbers	
  are	
  greater,	
  could	
  
exert	
  social	
  pressure	
  on	
  opponents	
  
to	
  adopt	
  less	
  nega+ve	
  views.	
  	
  
According	
  to	
  the	
  same	
  logic,	
  the	
  
fact	
  that	
  challengers	
  and	
  opponents	
  
share	
  issues	
  of	
  concern	
  without	
  
being	
  exposed	
  to	
  the	
  poten+al	
  
modera+ng	
  influence	
  of	
  more	
  
posi+vely	
  disposed	
  groups	
  
represents	
  a	
  source	
  of	
  sociopoli+cal	
  
risk.	
  	
  	
  
Nat’l Police
Nat’l Health Service
Site A MuniAsy
Nat’l FireSrv
Site A_ChfNat’lDptUrbRds
Rdo Sta A
Rdo Sta B
Nat’l Health
Asy 3
CEO
Wms Grp
Enterprise A
Rdo Sta C
Rdo Sta D
Investigation
Nat’lMilitary
Youth Grp
Education
Nw_Asy
Nwspr A
QnM
CityHth
Town Asy
LandCom
T&C Plans
CvcEduc
EmplCom
Nat’l Minerals
Most	
  InfluenAal	
  Stakeholders,	
  Mine	
  Site	
  A	
  
The	
  Na+onal	
  Police	
  and	
  the	
  Na+onal	
  Health	
  Service	
  
are	
  the	
  two	
  most	
  influen+al	
  stakeholders	
  in	
  the	
  
network,	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  other	
  
stakeholders	
  to	
  which	
  they	
  are	
  +ed	
  as	
  well	
  as	
  the	
  
“brokering”	
  role	
  that	
  each	
  plays	
  for	
  otherwise	
  
unconnected	
  groups.	
  
In	
  this	
  case,	
  the	
  level	
  of	
  social	
  license	
  granted	
  by	
  the	
  
Na+onal	
  Health	
  Service	
  is	
  in	
  the	
  “approval”	
  range.	
  
When	
  combined	
  with	
  the	
  agency’s	
  substan+al	
  
influence	
  in	
  the	
  network,	
  its	
  posi+ve	
  orienta+on	
  
suggests	
  the	
  poten+al	
  for	
  a	
  partnering	
  arrangement	
  
that	
  could	
  raise	
  the	
  company’s	
  level	
  of	
  social	
  license	
  
among	
  the	
  others.	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
The	
  interviews	
  also	
  provide	
  informa0on	
  about	
  the	
  
“social	
  capital”	
  in	
  the	
  rela0onships	
  among	
  stakeholders.	
  
We	
  convert	
  this	
  informa0on	
  into	
  network	
  graphs.	
  We	
  
also	
  calculate	
  various	
  measures	
  of	
  social	
  influence	
  to	
  
gain	
  insight	
  into	
  relevant	
  influence	
  dynamics,	
  and	
  
ul0mately	
  into	
  engagement	
  strategies	
  that	
  leverage	
  
	
  these	
  dynamics.	
  	
  
RdoStaA
RdoStaB
Nat’lPolice
MediaSiteA
Nat’l FireSvc
Nat’lHealthSvc
Nat’l EPA RdoStaC
RdoStaD
RdoStaE
WmsGrp
NBSS IndustryChf_A
YouthChair City A Asy
City B Asy
Site A MuniPlans
MiningCo A
NatlDptUrbRds
TownAUnit
TownBUnit
Chf_B
City C Asy
City D Asy
XYZSvcs
Important Media Sector Links, Mine Site A!
Hypothe+cal	
  issue:	
  
cholera	
  outbreak	
  
a@ributed	
  to	
  mine	
  
Engagement	
  Strategy	
  
Ø  Partner	
  with	
  Na+onal	
  
Health	
  Service	
  
Ø  Use	
  Health	
  Service’s	
  
influence	
  over	
  radio	
  
sta+ons	
  to	
  customize	
  
messaging	
  based	
  on	
  the	
  
sta+ons’	
  divergent	
  
opinions	
  of	
  the	
  company	
  
TownGAsy
RdoStaA
NatlPolice
TownGHth
MktWmn
ChfA
ChfB
ChfC
ChfD
ChfE
ChfF
TownBAsy
TownAAsy
TownCUnit
TownCWmn
TownDAsy
TownEUnit
NatlSSNIT
ChfH
TownEAsy
NatlEnvSciTec
TownAFarmers
TownFUnit
TownHYth
TownZAsy
TownDWmn
SiteAMWWives
TownXAsy
TownX_QnM
TownQ_Rgt
CoA_CEO
CoA_T&CPlans
CoAAsy
CoAStoolands
Transport	
  
infrastructure	
  
Land	
  use	
  &	
  waste	
  
Sanita0on/hygiene	
  
infrastructure	
  
Unemployment	
  
Powerful Stakeholders Tied to

Top Issues, Mine Site A

"
Another	
  type	
  of	
  network	
  
analysis	
  iden+fies	
  
stakeholder-­‐issue	
  linkages.	
  
In	
  this	
  example,	
  the	
  +es	
  
indicate	
  issues	
  that	
  were	
  
frequently	
  co-­‐men+oned	
  in	
  
the	
  same	
  interview.	
  
4.	
  STRATEGIC	
  RECOMMENDATIONS	
  
&	
  SCENARIO	
  ANALYSIS	
  
•  Ini+a+ves:	
  	
  Around	
  which	
  issues?	
  
•  Coali+on-­‐building:	
  	
  With	
  which	
  partners?	
  	
  	
  
•  Performance:	
  	
  How	
  might	
  specific	
  inita0ves	
  play	
  out?	
  
3.	
  STRATEGIC	
  PRIORITIZATION	
  OF	
  
STAKEHOLDERS	
  &	
  ISSUES	
  
•  Power:	
  	
  Who	
  influences	
  whom?	
  
•  Salience:	
  	
  How	
  much	
  do	
  they	
  care?	
  
•  Effec+ve	
  power	
  =	
  Power	
  ×	
  Salience	
  
Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis:!Workflow!
2.	
  OPINION	
  &	
  ISSUE	
  IDENTIFICATION	
  
•  Social	
  License:	
  	
  Opinion	
  of	
  company	
  and	
  project?	
  
•  Preoccupa+ons:	
  	
  Key	
  issues	
  of	
  concern?	
  
1.	
  STAKEHOLDER	
  CENSUS	
  
•  Coverage:	
  	
  All	
  local	
  &	
  na0onal	
  stakeholder	
  organiza0ons	
  
•  Method:	
  	
  Field	
  interviews	
  by	
  trained	
  local	
  teams	
  
•  Data	
  collected:	
  	
  Opinions,	
  issues	
  of	
  concern,	
  rela0onships	
  	
  	
  
Ø  Using	
  the	
  insights	
  provided	
  by	
  the	
  various	
  analyses,	
  we	
  develop	
  alterna0ve	
  sets	
  of	
  
ac0on-­‐oriented	
  recommenda0ons,	
  or	
  “engagement	
  scenarios.”	
  
Ø  In	
  a	
  typical	
  scenario,	
  the	
  company	
  forms	
  coali0ons	
  with	
  selected	
  stakeholders	
  to	
  
address	
  key	
  issues	
  of	
  concern	
  and,	
  ul0mately,	
  to	
  improve	
  its	
  overall	
  social	
  license.	
  	
  	
  
Ø  We	
  simulate	
  the	
  likely	
  socio-­‐poli0cal	
  dynamics	
  of	
  each	
  scenario	
  using	
  a	
  dynamic	
  
expected	
  u0lity	
  model	
  that	
  incorporates	
  social	
  preferences	
  and	
  structure.	
  The	
  
model	
  resembles	
  those	
  used	
  by	
  the	
  World	
  Bank,	
  the	
  European	
  Commission,	
  and	
  
U.S.	
  intelligence	
  agencies.	
  	
  
Ø  Each	
  stakeholder	
  in	
  the	
  model	
  seeks	
  to	
  acain	
  their	
  preferred	
  outcome	
  and	
  to	
  
maximize	
  their	
  chance	
  of	
  being	
  on	
  the	
  winning	
  “team”	
  by	
  influencing	
  other	
  
stakeholders’	
  opinions	
  of	
  the	
  company	
  or	
  project.	
  
Ø  The	
  simula0on	
  predicts	
  how	
  the	
  company	
  or	
  project’s	
  overall	
  social	
  license	
  is	
  
likely	
  to	
  evolve	
  under	
  each	
  engagement	
  scenario	
  versus	
  the	
  status	
  quo.	
  
Strategic	
  RecommendaAons	
  &	
  Scenario	
  Analysis	
  
Narrow initiative: 

Transportation"
Partners

Municipal Council

Nat’l Health Service

Land Ministry"
Broad initiative:

Unemployment & Skills Training"
Partners

NGOs

National Government

Multi-stakeholder forum"
current:	
  3.11	
  
Predicted	
  Social	
  License	
  Score	
  
3.77	
   4.03	
  
Both	
  scenarios	
  in	
  the	
  example	
  are	
  predicted	
  to	
  increase	
  the	
  company’s	
  social	
  
license,	
  but	
  the	
  broader	
  ini+a+ve	
  focusing	
  on	
  unemployment	
  and	
  skills	
  training	
  is	
  
predicted	
  to	
  have	
  a	
  larger	
  impact	
  than	
  that	
  of	
  the	
  narrow	
  ini+a+ve	
  focusing	
  on	
  
transporta+on.	
  The	
  cumula+ve	
  impact	
  on	
  the	
  final	
  social	
  license	
  score	
  in	
  both	
  cases	
  
reflects	
  an	
  ini+al	
  shin	
  of	
  opinion	
  among	
  certain	
  stakeholders	
  and	
  a	
  subsequent	
  
shin	
  of	
  opinion	
  among	
  others	
  resul+ng	
  from	
  social	
  influence	
  dynamics	
  	
  	
  
• Stakeholder	
  mapping	
  &	
  analysis	
  
Due	
  
Diligence	
  
• Integra0ng	
  stakeholder	
  data	
  into	
  
financial	
  &	
  opera0onal	
  performance	
  Integra0on	
  
• Stakeholder	
  rela0onships	
  are	
  personal	
  	
  
rela0onships	
  Personal	
  
• Humbly	
  adap0ng	
  to	
  nega0ve	
  
feedback	
  in	
  a	
  necessarily	
  imperfect	
  
system	
  
Learning	
  
• Strategically	
  communica0ng	
  to	
  
reinforce	
  trust	
  &	
  reputa0on	
  Openness	
  
• Cul0va0ng	
  an	
  externally	
  facing	
  long-­‐
term	
  organiza0onal	
  culture	
  Mindset	
  

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Vitold Henisz slides: “Financial Returns to Stakeholder Capital: Tying Community Investment Back to the Balance Sheet”

  • 1. NEWMONT GHANA FV TOOL PROJECT Witold  Henisz,  Deloi/e  &  Touche  Professor  of  Management,     The  Wharton  School,  University  of  Pennsylvania  
  • 2. IntroducAon  to  the  FV  Tool  (www.fvtool.com)   2   § Es0mates  expected  net  present  values  (NPV)  of  local  investments     §   Answers  two  cri0cal  ques0ons:   § “what”  is  the  right  porDolio  of  sustainability  investments?   § “what”  is  the  financial  return  they  will  likely  bring?   §   Supports  alignment  across  finance,  risk,  opera0ons,  social,  HR  
  • 3. FV Investment Scenarios Scenario  B  :     •  Health:  expanding  mi+ga+on   for  broader  popula+on     •  Water  &  Sanita2on:   expanding  mi+ga+on  for   broader  popula+on   Scenario  A:     •  Health:  mi+ga+on    only   for  workers  &  community   •  Water  &  Sanita2on:   mi+ga+on    only  for   workers  &  community   Difference   between  Scenario   A  and  B  
  • 4. Value  Driver  Examples   § More  Conciliatory  Land  Acquisi0on  Process:     § $2.87  per  square  foot  less  than  expected  leading  to  $230,000  savings.     §   Four  months  faster  than  expected  leading  to  $700,000  more  revenue.     § Malaria  Eradica0on:     § Reduc0on  from  3,195  cases  of  malaria  to  0   § 3  days  of  absence  from  work  or  $120  of  lost  produc0vity   § Savings  of  $30  worth  of  treatment   § Addi0onal  lost  work  an  produc0vity  for  family  illness   § Higher  recruitment  and  reten0on  costs  for  most  skilled  workers   § $850,000,  two-­‐year  program     § Distributed  bed  nets,  instructed  and  monitored  use   § Sprayed  insec0cide  &  improved  drainage  to  eliminate  breeding  pools.    
  • 5. Indirect Value Protection Based on Six Project Risks! •  Roadblocks that disrupted production which were expected to occur once every other year, last one week and cost a fixed $3m plus one week of lost revenue." •  Serious complaints which are expected to occur 12 times per year with an expected average cost of $50,000. " •  Exploration protests which were expected to occur every other year, last two weeks and cost $5m plus two weeks of lost revenue." •  Fines and legal judgments which were expected to occur every third year with an average cost of $3m." •  Water protests which were expected to occur every other year with an average cost of $200,000" •  The risk of expropriation which was estimated at a 1 in 1,000 probability in any given year." 5  
  • 7. FVTOOL, Monte Carlo Simulation! Value  in  Billions   Occurrences   7  
  • 8. FVTOOL, NPV of sustainability! Dashboard  -­‐  Total  Sustainability  Value  Added   For  $2billion  CAPEX  project,  sustainability  investments  returned   as  much  as  $187  million  of  NPV.   8  
  • 9. Notable Quotes: Sustainability Team When  we  first  heard  of  it,  those  of  us  on   the  social  side  were  happy  to  get   something  that  would  help  Finance   understand  us.  We  are  more  confident  in   cos+ng  the  programs  that  we  do.  This   puts  us  in  a  much  be@er  posi+on  with   finance.  In  previous  mee+ngs,  other   departments  had  figures  and  we  had  to   talk  to  explain.  Now  we  are  puDng   figures  to  our  words  just  like  other   departments.   The  change  within  the  ESR  team  is   marked.  What  are  these  risks  that   we  are  trying  to  mi+gate?  Are  their   costs  jus+fied  in  terms  or  risk   mi+ga+on?  Previously  program   owners  were  not  connec+ng  the   dots  to  risk  mi+ga+on  or  value   crea+on.  Now  we  challenge  the   numbers.  Previously,  we  had  no   framework  to  evaluate.  People  are   now  trying  to  highlight  the  value  of   their  ini+a+ves  for  the  business  not   just  for  stakeholders.  
  • 10. Notable Quotes: Finance Team My  biggest  surprise  was  that  it  is  possible   for  the  ESR  team  to  have  a  conversa+on  in   financial  terms.  Every  conversa+on  I  had   with  them  before,  …  they  never  could   ar+culate  their  assump+ons  and   acknowledge  costs  and  benefits.  Now  they   can  and  do.  They  have  their  act  together   and  can  explain  a  business  case  …   Previously,  they  were  not  able  to  see  their   business  case.  …  Finance  and   [Environment  and  Social  Responsibility]   are  now  working  together  much  be@er   than  before.  Just  those  changes  alone   jus+fy  the  effort  put  into  the  pilot.     Ebenezer  Kyere-­‐Buabeng  ,  Finance   Newmont  Ghana  Gold   In  the  last  business  planning   mee+ng,  I  saw  a  huge   improvement  in  SR's  presenta+on   of  budget  and  supported  by  data  of   the  business  benefits  of  SR   programs.  The  mee+ng  went  very   smoothly  compared  to  previous   mee+ngs.       Lester  Ampong,  Senior  Business   Planning  Analyst,  Newmont  Ghana   Gold    
  • 11. Notable Quotes: Group Executive Quan+fying  the  net  present  value   of  sustainability  ini+a+ves  at   Newmont’s  Ahafo  mine  in  Ghana   had  finally  allowed  the  company  to   get  “Beyond  NPV.”       Nick  Cocs,   Group  Execu0ve,  ESR  
  • 12. Key Findings of FV Ahafo Pilot and 
 Developments over Last 9 Months! •  Value creation swamped by value protection! •  Estimates of latter mostly qualitative in FVTOOL! •  Need better quantification of stakeholder preferences within FVTOOL! •  Who wants what how badly?! •  Who has power?! •  Who influences whom?! •  Jan 2013 add-on incorporates stakeholder influence into risk mitigation consequence but how to sequence stakeholder mapping & analysis and financial valuation?! •  Cross-functional conversations and collaboration swamped value of npv calculation! ! 12  
  • 13. 4.  STRATEGIC  RECOMMENDATIONS   &  SCENARIO  ANALYSIS   •  Ini+a+ves:    Around  which  issues?   •  Coali+on-­‐building:    With  which  partners?       •  Performance:    How  might  specific  inita0ves  play  out?   3.  STRATEGIC  PRIORITIZATION  OF   STAKEHOLDERS  &  ISSUES   •  Power:    Who  influences  whom?   •  Salience:    How  much  do  they  care?   •  Effec+ve  power  =  Power  ×  Salience   2.  OPINION  &  ISSUE  IDENTIFICATION   •  Social  License:    Opinion  of  company  and  project?   •  Preoccupa+ons:    Key  issues  of  concern?   1.  STAKEHOLDER  CENSUS   •  Coverage:    All  local  &  na0onal  stakeholder  organiza0ons   •  Method:    Field  interviews  by  trained  local  teams   •  Data  collected:    Opinions,  issues  of  concern,  rela0onships       Ø  A  “stakeholder”  is  any  external  group  or  organiza0on  that   can  significantly  affect  a  company  or  project’s  opera0ons,  or   that  is  significantly  affected  by  these  opera0ons.     Ø  We  begin  an  engagement  by  compiling  data  on  stakeholders’   concerns  and  priori0es,  opinions  toward  the  company  or   project,  and  rela0ons  with  each  other.     Ø  A  stakeholder  census—in  which  specially  trained  teams   acempt  to  interview  representa0ves  from  all  of  a  company   or  project’s  stakeholders—provides  the  most  reliable  data.   Ø  When  a  census  is  imprac0cal  or  infeasible,  we  employ   secondary  sources  such  as  tradi0onal  news  media,  “social”   media,  expert  assessments,  and  internal  client  data.   Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis:!Workflow!
  • 14. Social License:
 
   *  Adapted  from  Thomson  &  Bou+lier  (2011)   Four Levels! Ø  Psychological  iden2fica2on.   Stakeholders  feel  a  sense  of  “co-­‐ ownership”  and  advocate  on  behalf  of   company  proposals.   Ø  Approval.  Stakeholders  perceive   company  proposals  as  credible.   Ø  Acceptance.  Stakeholders  evaluate   company  proposals  on  a   case-­‐by-­‐case  basis.   Ø  Withheld/withdrawn.  Stakeholders’ nega0ve  percep0ons  result  in  ac0ons   that  compromise  access  to  finance,   legal  license,  material,  labor,  markets,   supply  chain,  etc.   Social  license  to  operate  (SLO):  stakeholder  percep+ons  of  the   acceptability  of  a  company  &  its  local  opera+ons  at  a  point  in  +me.  
  • 15. Social  contract   Stakeholders  perceive  the  company   to  respect  their  culture  &  customs,   meet  their  expecta0ons  about  its   role  in  society,  and  act  fairly.   Legi2macy  of  benefits   Stakeholders  perceive  net   economic  benefit  from  project.   Ins2tu2onalized  trust     Stakeholders  perceive  the  company  to  have  an  enduring   regard  for  their  interests,  which  they  reciprocate.   Social  capital   Stakeholders  perceive  the  company   to  listen,  respond,  keep  promises,   engage  in  dialogue,  and  exhibit   reciprocity.   Four Components!Social License:
 
  
  • 16. Social  contract   Stakeholders  perceive  the  company   to  respect  their  culture  &  customs,   meet  their  expecta0ons  about  its   role  in  society,  and  act  fairly.   Ins2tu2onalized  trust     Stakeholders  perceive  the  company  to  have  an  enduring   regard  for  their  interests,  which  they  reciprocate.   Social  capital   Stakeholders  perceive  the  company   to  listen,  respond,  keep  promises,   engage  in  dialogue,  and  exhibit   reciprocity.   Legi2macy  of  benefits   Stakeholders  perceive  net   economic  benefit  from  project.   Four Components!Social License:
 
  
  • 17. Social  contract   Ø The  company  contributes  to  our   well-­‐being  in  the  long  run.   Ø The  company  treats  everyone  fairly.   Ø The  company  respects  our  ways.   Ø Our  organiza0on  and  the  company   have  a  similar  vision  for  the  future.   Social  capital   Ø The  company  honors  its  word  to  us.   Ø We  are  very  sa0sfied  with  our   rela0ons  with  the  company.   Ø The  presence  of  the  company  is  a   benefit  to  us.   Ø The  company  listens  to  us.   Ins2tu2onalized  trust     Ø The  company  gives  more  support  to  those  it  nega0vely  affects.   Ø The  company  shares  decision-­‐making.   Ø The  company  considers  our  interests.   Ø The  company  openly  shares  relevant  informa0on  with  us.   Legi2macy  of  benefits   Ø We  can  gain  from  a  rela0onship  with  the  company.   Ø We  need  the  company’s  coopera0on  to  meet  our  goals.   Measurement! We  measure  the  four  components  of  the  social  license  by   asking  interviewees  to  rate  their  level  of  agreement  or   disagreement  with  a  series  of  statements.   Social License:
 
   This  methodology  has  been  validated  in  more  than  1,500   stakeholder  interviews  at  mining  and  construc0on  sites   located  on  four  con0nents.    
  • 18. Capital City of Country A Mine Site A Mine Site B Country  A   Capital City of Country B Mine 1 Mine 2 Mine 3 Score  (out  of  5.0)   Stakeholder  Support  for  Two  West  African  Mines   Stakeholder  support  in  capital  ci+es  is   significantly  higher  than  at  mine  sites.     Score  (out  of  5.0)   5  =  strongly  agree  with     3  =  neither  agree  nor  disagree   1  =  strongly  disagree   Country  B  
  • 19. 2.  OPINION  &  ISSUE  IDENTIFICATION   •  Social  License:    Opinion  of  company  and  project?   •  Preoccupa+ons:    Key  issues  of  concern?   Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis:!Workflow! Ø  To  iden0fy  the  issues  contribu0ng  to  the  gran0ng  or   withdrawal  of  the  social  license,  we  ask  interviewees  what   the  most  important  concerns  for  their  community  or   organiza0on  are.   Ø  We  parse  interviewees’  responses  to  this  open-­‐ended   ques0on  and  assign  a  numeric  code  to  each  dis0nct  issue   men0oned.   Ø  We  group  individual  issues  into  global  categories  such  as     “environment”  and  “health,”  as  well  as  intermediate   categories  within  the  global  categories.  
  • 20. CMTY Country  A     Mine  Site  A   
 Top  stakeholder concerns  by   socioeconomic   group     (bubbles  indicate   average  menAons   per  stakeholder)   Ø  The  ver0cal  axis  iden0fies   global  issue  categories.   Ø  The  horizontal  axis   classifies  stakeholders  by   socioeconomic  group.   Ø  The  number  inside  each   bubble  represents  the   average  number  of  0mes   the  corresponding  issue   was  men0oned  per   stakeholder  in  the  relevant   group.   Ø  Larger  bubbles  indicate   higher  men0on   frequencies.   Wide  agreement  among   socioeconomic  groups  on   top  three  issue  categories.    
  • 21. 4.  STRATEGIC  RECOMMENDATIONS   &  SCENARIO  ANALYSIS   •  Ini+a+ves:    Around  which  issues?   •  Coali+on-­‐building:    With  which  partners?       •  Performance:    How  might  specific  inita0ves  play  out?   3.  STRATEGIC  PRIORITIZATION  OF   STAKEHOLDERS  &  ISSUES   •  Power:    Who  influences  whom?   •  Salience:    How  much  do  they  care?   •  Effec+ve  power  =  Power  ×  Salience   Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis:!Workflow! 2.  OPINION  &  ISSUE  IDENTIFICATION   •  Social  License:    Opinion  of  company  and  project?   •  Preoccupa+ons:    Key  issues  of  concern?   Ø  For  purposes  of  developing  a  stakeholder  engagement  strategy,   stakeholders  and  issues  must  be  priori0zed.   Ø  Emphasizing  the  issues  of  the  most  nega0vely  disposed  or  loudest   stakeholders  creates  perverse  incen0ves  and  may  be  an  inefficient   use  of  company  resources.       Ø  Similarly,  addressing  the  most  commonly-­‐cited  issues  rests  on  the   unwarranted  assump0on  that  all  stakeholders  merit  equal  acen0on.   Ø  To  priori0ze  stakeholders  and  issues,  we  use  interview  data  to  assess   each  stakeholder's  power  to  influence  other  stakeholders,  as  well  as   the  extent  to  which  each  stakeholder  regards  company  or  project-­‐ related  issues  as  salient.   Ø  We  use  the  measures  of  salience  and  power,  along  with  a  combined   measure  labeled  “effec0ve  power,”  to  apply  a  series  of  weigh0ng   schemes  to  the  raw  data  on  issues  and  priori0es.   1.  STAKEHOLDER  CENSUS   •  Coverage:    All  local  &  na0onal  stakeholder  organiza0ons   •  Method:    Field  interviews  by  trained  local  teams   •  Data  collected:    Opinions,  issues  of  concern,  rela0onships      
  • 22. Cmty Country  A     Mine  Site  A   
 Top  stakeholder concerns  by   socioeconomic   group     (bubbles  indicate     average  menAons   per  stakeholder    weighted  by   effec2ve  power)       Rela0vely  more   important  now     No  longer   broadly  important  
  • 23. •  Supporters must be given real responsibilities and authority to sway waverers. " •  Cheerleaders must be managed with care so as not to damage other relationships." •  Waverers are targets (for both sides)." •  Bystanders are allies with low salience. Keep them informed so that they feel consulted." •  Ignore disinterested skeptics.! •  Strategize to defeat interrogators and challengers, but in a way that allows them a face-saving way out. " "" •  Not much one can do about unpredictable opponents—watch them carefully." Adapted from D’Herbemont & César (1998), Managing Sensitive Projects Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis:!Prioritization! −   −   +   +   Social  License   Salience           In  addi0on  to  priori0zing  specific  issues  of  concern   according  to  different  socioeconomic  groups’   effec0ve  power,  we  also  classify  stakeholders  into   “strategic  groups”  based  on  acributes  such  as  level   of  social  license  and  salience.  We  use  these   groupings  to  differen0ate  approaches  for   engaging  with  specific  stakeholders.  
  • 24. strategic   group   weighted  by   effecAve  power)       3.9 3.8 3.6 5.2 4.4 7.2 6.9 5.3 7.0 6.4 7.0 4.6 6.2 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 7.2 4.5 4.5 7.9 11.7 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 sanitation/hygiene   rates  and  payments education  infrastructure water community   infrastructure negative  health  concerns Education/skills  training information  provision wa-­‐ ver-­‐ ers   (n=30) cheer   lea-­‐ ders   (n=24) sup-­‐ por-­‐ ters   (n=22) disint.   skep-­‐ tic   (n=19) by-­‐ stan-­‐ ders   (n=18) inter-­‐ roga-­‐ tors   (n=17) chal-­‐ len-­‐ gers   (n=6) oppo-­‐ nents   (n=2) #N#N/A #N/A unemployment 0 0 0 0 transport  infrastructure land  use  and  waste Country  A,  Mine  Site  A   
 
 Top  stakeholder concerns  by               (bubbles  indicate     average  menAons   per  stakeholder)     SOCIAL  LICENSE:   SALIENCE:  MED       SOCIAL  LICENSE:   SALIENCE:  HI       SOCIAL  LICENSE:   SALIENCE:  HI       SOCIAL  LICENSE:   SALIENCE:  HI     The  fact  that  “cheerleaders”  and   “supporters”  share  the  same  issues   of  concern  as  “opponents”   represents  an  opportunity.   Members  of  the  first  two  groups,   whose  numbers  are  greater,  could   exert  social  pressure  on  opponents   to  adopt  less  nega+ve  views.     According  to  the  same  logic,  the   fact  that  challengers  and  opponents   share  issues  of  concern  without   being  exposed  to  the  poten+al   modera+ng  influence  of  more   posi+vely  disposed  groups   represents  a  source  of  sociopoli+cal   risk.      
  • 25. Nat’l Police Nat’l Health Service Site A MuniAsy Nat’l FireSrv Site A_ChfNat’lDptUrbRds Rdo Sta A Rdo Sta B Nat’l Health Asy 3 CEO Wms Grp Enterprise A Rdo Sta C Rdo Sta D Investigation Nat’lMilitary Youth Grp Education Nw_Asy Nwspr A QnM CityHth Town Asy LandCom T&C Plans CvcEduc EmplCom Nat’l Minerals Most  InfluenAal  Stakeholders,  Mine  Site  A   The  Na+onal  Police  and  the  Na+onal  Health  Service   are  the  two  most  influen+al  stakeholders  in  the   network,  due  to  the  large  number  of  other   stakeholders  to  which  they  are  +ed  as  well  as  the   “brokering”  role  that  each  plays  for  otherwise   unconnected  groups.   In  this  case,  the  level  of  social  license  granted  by  the   Na+onal  Health  Service  is  in  the  “approval”  range.   When  combined  with  the  agency’s  substan+al   influence  in  the  network,  its  posi+ve  orienta+on   suggests  the  poten+al  for  a  partnering  arrangement   that  could  raise  the  company’s  level  of  social  license   among  the  others.           The  interviews  also  provide  informa0on  about  the   “social  capital”  in  the  rela0onships  among  stakeholders.   We  convert  this  informa0on  into  network  graphs.  We   also  calculate  various  measures  of  social  influence  to   gain  insight  into  relevant  influence  dynamics,  and   ul0mately  into  engagement  strategies  that  leverage    these  dynamics.    
  • 26. RdoStaA RdoStaB Nat’lPolice MediaSiteA Nat’l FireSvc Nat’lHealthSvc Nat’l EPA RdoStaC RdoStaD RdoStaE WmsGrp NBSS IndustryChf_A YouthChair City A Asy City B Asy Site A MuniPlans MiningCo A NatlDptUrbRds TownAUnit TownBUnit Chf_B City C Asy City D Asy XYZSvcs Important Media Sector Links, Mine Site A! Hypothe+cal  issue:   cholera  outbreak   a@ributed  to  mine   Engagement  Strategy   Ø  Partner  with  Na+onal   Health  Service   Ø  Use  Health  Service’s   influence  over  radio   sta+ons  to  customize   messaging  based  on  the   sta+ons’  divergent   opinions  of  the  company  
  • 27. TownGAsy RdoStaA NatlPolice TownGHth MktWmn ChfA ChfB ChfC ChfD ChfE ChfF TownBAsy TownAAsy TownCUnit TownCWmn TownDAsy TownEUnit NatlSSNIT ChfH TownEAsy NatlEnvSciTec TownAFarmers TownFUnit TownHYth TownZAsy TownDWmn SiteAMWWives TownXAsy TownX_QnM TownQ_Rgt CoA_CEO CoA_T&CPlans CoAAsy CoAStoolands Transport   infrastructure   Land  use  &  waste   Sanita0on/hygiene   infrastructure   Unemployment   Powerful Stakeholders Tied to
 Top Issues, Mine Site A
 " Another  type  of  network   analysis  iden+fies   stakeholder-­‐issue  linkages.   In  this  example,  the  +es   indicate  issues  that  were   frequently  co-­‐men+oned  in   the  same  interview.  
  • 28. 4.  STRATEGIC  RECOMMENDATIONS   &  SCENARIO  ANALYSIS   •  Ini+a+ves:    Around  which  issues?   •  Coali+on-­‐building:    With  which  partners?       •  Performance:    How  might  specific  inita0ves  play  out?   3.  STRATEGIC  PRIORITIZATION  OF   STAKEHOLDERS  &  ISSUES   •  Power:    Who  influences  whom?   •  Salience:    How  much  do  they  care?   •  Effec+ve  power  =  Power  ×  Salience   Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis:!Workflow! 2.  OPINION  &  ISSUE  IDENTIFICATION   •  Social  License:    Opinion  of  company  and  project?   •  Preoccupa+ons:    Key  issues  of  concern?   1.  STAKEHOLDER  CENSUS   •  Coverage:    All  local  &  na0onal  stakeholder  organiza0ons   •  Method:    Field  interviews  by  trained  local  teams   •  Data  collected:    Opinions,  issues  of  concern,  rela0onships       Ø  Using  the  insights  provided  by  the  various  analyses,  we  develop  alterna0ve  sets  of   ac0on-­‐oriented  recommenda0ons,  or  “engagement  scenarios.”   Ø  In  a  typical  scenario,  the  company  forms  coali0ons  with  selected  stakeholders  to   address  key  issues  of  concern  and,  ul0mately,  to  improve  its  overall  social  license.       Ø  We  simulate  the  likely  socio-­‐poli0cal  dynamics  of  each  scenario  using  a  dynamic   expected  u0lity  model  that  incorporates  social  preferences  and  structure.  The   model  resembles  those  used  by  the  World  Bank,  the  European  Commission,  and   U.S.  intelligence  agencies.     Ø  Each  stakeholder  in  the  model  seeks  to  acain  their  preferred  outcome  and  to   maximize  their  chance  of  being  on  the  winning  “team”  by  influencing  other   stakeholders’  opinions  of  the  company  or  project.   Ø  The  simula0on  predicts  how  the  company  or  project’s  overall  social  license  is   likely  to  evolve  under  each  engagement  scenario  versus  the  status  quo.  
  • 29. Strategic  RecommendaAons  &  Scenario  Analysis   Narrow initiative: 
 Transportation" Partners
 Municipal Council
 Nat’l Health Service
 Land Ministry" Broad initiative:
 Unemployment & Skills Training" Partners
 NGOs
 National Government
 Multi-stakeholder forum" current:  3.11   Predicted  Social  License  Score   3.77   4.03   Both  scenarios  in  the  example  are  predicted  to  increase  the  company’s  social   license,  but  the  broader  ini+a+ve  focusing  on  unemployment  and  skills  training  is   predicted  to  have  a  larger  impact  than  that  of  the  narrow  ini+a+ve  focusing  on   transporta+on.  The  cumula+ve  impact  on  the  final  social  license  score  in  both  cases   reflects  an  ini+al  shin  of  opinion  among  certain  stakeholders  and  a  subsequent   shin  of  opinion  among  others  resul+ng  from  social  influence  dynamics      
  • 30. • Stakeholder  mapping  &  analysis   Due   Diligence   • Integra0ng  stakeholder  data  into   financial  &  opera0onal  performance  Integra0on   • Stakeholder  rela0onships  are  personal     rela0onships  Personal   • Humbly  adap0ng  to  nega0ve   feedback  in  a  necessarily  imperfect   system   Learning   • Strategically  communica0ng  to   reinforce  trust  &  reputa0on  Openness   • Cul0va0ng  an  externally  facing  long-­‐ term  organiza0onal  culture  Mindset