TeksunLab Pegasus Program Details

1. TeksunLab
teksunlab@teksun.in
www.teksun.in/teksunlab
TeksunLab Pegasus Program

2. Contents
2
 Introduction to Embedded System
 Hardware Board Design
 Fundamental of Semiconductor
 Digital and Analog
 Components Identification
 Board Design
 Board Bring up and Power up
 Layout Design Techniques
 Hardware Debugging
 Device Driver and Software
 Essential Components of Embedded Linux
 Booting Process
 Boot-loaders
 Linux Porting
 Fundamental of Device Drivers
 Driver Architecture of Peripherals
 Driver Debugging Techniques

3. Introduction to Embedded System
3
What is Embedded System
Embedded Linux and Featured Hardware
 Customized Linux box tailored to suit the
 Product Requirement
 Architecture and SOC support in Linux
 What is SOC
 RISC Vs CISC
 Example SOC 6467

4. Hardware Board Design
4

5. Fundamental of Semiconductor
5
 A semiconductor is a material
which has electrical conductivity to
a degree between that of a
conductor (such as copper) and that
of an insulator (such as glass).
 Semiconductors are the
foundation of modern electronics.
 PN Junction Diode
 Transistors
 Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
 Solar cells

6. Digital and Analog
6
Analog Electronics
• Analog signal is a continuous signal which
represents physical measurements.
• Human voice in air, analog electronic
devices.
• OPAMP, DAC, RF, Analog Filters,
Converters, Linear Circuits
Digital Electronics
• Digital signals are discrete time signals
generated by digital modulation.
• Computers, CDs, DVDs, and other digital
electronic devices.
• Gates, Flip Flop, Sequential and
combinational circuits,

7. Components Identification
7
 Active Components:
 Those devices or components which
produce energy in the form of Voltage or
Current are called as Active Components
 Those devices or components which
required external source to their
operation is called Active Components.
For Example: Diodes Transistors SCR etc…
 Passive Components:
 Those devices or components which
store or maintain Energy in the form of
Voltage or Current are known as Passive
Components
 Those devices or components which do
not required external source to their
operation is called Passive Components.

8. Board Design
8
 Requirements
Finalize
 Power Budge
Estimation
 Schematic Design
 Simulation
 PCB component
placement
 Routing and Layout
Design
 Analysis
 PCB Gerber files
 Testing

9. Board Bring up and Power up
9
 Board Power up Activities
 Clock Check
 DDR Bring up activity
 Ethernet Bring up activity
 LCD Bring up activity
 WiFi Bring up activity
 SD Card Bring up activity
 Other peripherals Bring UP

10. Layout Design Techniques
10
 Single Sided PCB
 Multi Layer PCB
 Package Selection
 Power Plane
 Ground Plane
 DRC
 Copper Pouring
 PCB Antenna Design
 Signal Integrity
 Delay Interactive Tuning

11. Hardware Debugging
11
 Voltage &Current
Measurements
 Clock Check
 Multimeter
 Oscilloscope
Logic Analyser
ICD
Simulation
Serial RS232
LCD
LED
Hardware pins
Logic Analyzer

12. Device Driver and Software
12

13. Essential Components of Embedded Linux
13
 Raw boot- loader
 Primary boot-loader
 Secondary boot-loader
 Kernel
 File-system
 Product Application

14. Booting Process
14

15. Booting Process (Cont.)
15
 We flash a fresh board and it did not work!
 Not able to flash a fresh board
 Kernel stuck while booting
 Not able to mount file system
 To develop board bring-up utilities
 To develop low level Diagnostic utilities – POST
Why it is required to understand booting
process?

16. Boot-loaders
16
 U-Boot (Universal Bootloader) is an open source, primary boot
loader used in embedded devices. It is available for a number of
different computer architectures, including 68k, ARM, AVR32,
Blackfin, MicroBlaze, MIPS, Nios, PPC and x86.
 Raw Boot-loader
 Primary Boot-loader
 Secondary Boot-loader
 Starting of U-boot – TEXT_BASE
 CPU and Board Initializations
 Main loop
 U-boot Command “bootm”

17. Boot-loaders (Cont.)
17
Why boot-loader is required? Why U-boot?
 Initializing the hardware, especially the memory controller
 Providing boot parameters for the Linux kernel
 Starting the Linux kernel
Why U-boot?
 U-Boot is a GPL'ed cross-platform boot loader
 CPUs including PowerPC, ARM, XScale, MIPS, Coldfire, NIOS,
Microblaze, and x86
 Right balance between a rich feature set and a small binary
footprint

18. Linux Porting
18

19. Fundamental of Device Drivers
19
 Interrupt Handling
 Timer
 Workqueue
 Tasklet
 Character Driver
 Network Driver
 Block Driver
 USB Driver
 PCI Driver
 TTY Driver

20. Driver Architecture of Peripherals
20
 I2C
 SPI
 Keypad
Touch-screen
 NAND
 Video
 Ethernet
 LCD

21. Driver Debugging Techniques
21
 Printk
 Decoding Kernel Crash
 Procfs
 Sysfs

22. Thank You
TeksunLab
teksunlab@teksun.in
www.teksun.in/teksunlab