this presentation describes the concept of biomimetic materials and their brief descriptions

3. Nature is the mystery and chasing and
unfolding that mystery is human nature.

4. Biomimetic materials
used in
Conservative Dentistry &
Endodontics
Presented by:
Dept. of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics
Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences & Research
Kolkata
Dr. Tirthankar Bhaumik, Dr. Antava Maiti, Dr. Debojyoti Majumdar, Dr. Monojit Roy

5. • Starting from prehistoric era man behaved
similarly to animals in hunting and making
shelter for survival.
• In the legend of Icarus & his father
Daedalus, inspired by birds, made wings
from feathers and wax for them to escape
from prison.

6. • In the real world, Leonardo da Vinci in the
15th century dreamed of fabulous flying
machines based on birds, although it was not
until the 20th century that the Wright
brothers successfully created a prototype
that led to the modern aircraft of today.

7. • So these revolution from flying birds to
todays aircraft reflects the human’s nature of
mimicking the Nature’s secrets.
• Thus Nature acts as a motivation factor which
lead to development of new era of science—
Yes, it is

8. BIOMIMETICS

9. CONCEPT OF BIOMIMETICS
AND
BIOMIMETIC MATERIAL

10. WHAT IS BIOMIMICRY ?
Biomimicry is the science and art of emulating
Nature's best biological ideas to solve human
problems.

11. In biomimicry, we look at nature as
model, measure, and mentor.
Janine Benyus
1997,Biomimicry

12. After 3.8 billion years of evolution, nature has learned
What works. What is appropriate. What lasts.

13. Biomimicry introduces an era based not on what
we can extract from organisms and their
ecosystems, but on what we can learn from them.

14. Examples….

15. Mimicking can be done by using either
Natural substitutes
or
Synthetic substitutes

16. Why synthetic materials are preferred?
• More availability
• Relatively easier synthesis
• Reduced risk of pathogen transmission
• Biocompatibility
• Biodegradability

17. Synthetic mimicking
• Structural
• Functional
• Esthetic
• Structural-functional
• Biological process mimicking

18. WHAT IS BIOMIMETICS?
Biomimetic refers to human-made processes,
materials, devices, or systems that imitate nature.

19.  Materials
 Processing & tools
 Fabrication/Manufacturing
 Devices & machines
 Functions & Mechanisms
 Principles
Almost all engineering could be thought of as a
form of biomimicry

20. Scope of Biomimetics
• Biomedical science
• Dentistry
• Electronics
• Materials scientists
• Chemists
• Geologists

21. What is Biomimetic material?
A material fabricated by Biomimetic
technique based on natural process
found in biological systems is called a
biomimetic material

22. Don’t Confuse
with…

23. Bioactive material
A bioactive material is one that elicits a specific
biological response at the interface of the
material which results in the formation of a
bond between the tissues and the material
Hench LL, Splinter RJ, Allen WC, Greenlee TK Jr.; Bonding mechanisms at the
interface of ceramic prosthetic materials. J Biomed Mater Res., 1972; 2:117-141

24. Bioactive
material
Osteoproductive
(45S5 Bio glass)
Osteoconductive
(Synthetic HA)

25. Key points
of
biomimetic
materials

26. 1) Should be synthetic in origin
2) Should mimic biology
3) Should bond with natural structure
4) Should not elicit any biological responses
Advanced Ceramics for Strategic Applications, Prof. H. S. Maiti, Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur ,
Lecture – 47, Bio ceramics

27. HISTORY

28. • The foundation of this broad new field has
ancient roots.
• First or second century AD- Evidence of
crude dental implants seen in roman
population and the first use of dental
amalgam was recorded in pre-Columbian
cultures of central and south America.

29. • 659 AD- use of heart pacemaker the artificial
heart valve and hip and knee joint are
written in Chinese literature.
• 1960 - The subject of copying, imitating, and
learning from biology was coined Bionics by
Jack Steele
• 1969- Otto Schmitt, an American academic
and inventor, coined the term biomimetics

30. • 1974- The term biomimetics only entered the
Websters Dictionary.
• 1982- The term biomimicry appeared.
• 1997- The term biomimicry was popularized
by scientist and author Janine Benyus in her
book ‘Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by
Nature.’

31. Biomimetic materials used in Biomedical Science
• PMMA (acrylic), Silicone- Intra ocular lens,
Breast implant
• Titanium & its alloys, Polyether ether ketone
(PEEK)- Artificial hip joints,
Dental implants
• Polyurethane, Teflon & Dacron- Vascular
grafts
etc……

32. Biomimetic dentistry
• The use of dental materials and technologies
that mimic tooth structure and function.
• Maintaining as much natural tooth structure
as possible.
• Materials should absorb and distribute stress
like tooth structure and should bond with
natural structure.
• Enamel like materials.
• Dentin like materials.

33. Biomimetic materials
used in
Conservative Dentistry
and Endodontics

34. Why?
Natural hard tooth structure once lost for
any reason is not ever reproduced by the
body system, hence dependence on
simulating materials becomes essential
for restoring it to form and function.

35. • Some of the materials simulate tooth
materials but additionally exhibit some bio-
active properties.
• These materials are clubbed together in the
group of bioactive material
• e.g.-
MTA,
Biodentine,
Synthetic hydroxyapatite etc..

36. 1) Glass ionomer cement
2) Dental composite material
3) Dental ceramics

39. Definition
• Glass-ionomer is the generic name of a
group of materials that use silicate glass
powder and aqueous solution of polyacrylic
acid” -Kenneth J Anusavice.

40. Composition
Conventional Glass-
ionomer cement
Basic Component
Calcium aluminosilicate
glass containing fluoride
Acid Component
Polyelectrolyte which is a
homopolymer or copolymer of
unsaturated carboxylic acids
known scientifically as
alkenoic acids.

41. GLASS-IONOMER
CEMENT is a
Biomimetic
Material

43. Because ,
1. It is synthetic
2. It does not form any natural tooth
structure.
3. It’s similar mechanical properties to
dentin.
4. Adheres chemically to the tooth structure
5. Less shrinkage ,so less microleakage
6. Dimensional stability at high humidity

44. Elastic
Modulus
(Gpa)
Thermal
Expansion
Coefficient
(ppm)
Ultimate
Tensile
Strength
(Mpa)
Ultimate
compressive
strength
(Mpa)
Hardness
(KHN)
Enamel ~82 ~10 ~384 350-430
Dentin ~40-105 ~297 ~68
Conventional
GIC
~4.5 196-251 87-177
~11
~10-11
~14
~4-10
~8

45. • Properties of GIC not adequately
matching it’s biomimetic behaviour
1. Low Tensile strength
2. High opacity (Contrast ratio- 0.9 )
3. Less Wear Resistance

46. Modifications of Glass-Ionomer
• 1) Water settable GIC
• 2) Metal modified GIC
• 3) Resin modified GIC

47. Metal modified GIC –
• Glass ionomer have
been modified by
addition of filler
particles ,to improve
fracture toughness
& resistance to wear
with different
results.
• Disadvantages-
Poor aesthetics

48. Alteration of Biomimetic property
• Inspite of modification the mechanical
properties did not reflect much
improvement. Compressive strength
,flexural strength and solubility remained
same .
• Wear resistance- wear resistance of silver
cermet cement is somewhat improved over
traditional glass ionomer cement.
• Esthetics- By the incorporation of silver
particle it takes away the esthetic
property of glass ionomer .

49. Resin modified GIC –
It may be auto-cured, Light-cured, dual-cured
depending on activator initiator system.

50. • Alteration of Biomimetic properties –
• Optical properties- Improved from
conventional GIC, as translucency
improved.
• Strength- The diametral tensile strength
is much higher but compressive strength
and hardness is lesser.
• Adhesion- Bond strength of resin modified
glass ionomer with dentin is higher than
that of conventional G.I.C
• Microleakage- Increased due to
polymerization shrinkage of resin

51. N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) or N-vinylcaprolactam
(NVC) containing GIC –
• NVP or NVC co-monomers when
incorporated in GIC they act as a spacer in
between itaconic acid and acrylic acid,
thereby increasing the degree of freedom
of side chain carboxylic group for reaction.
• AA-IA-NPV (Fuzi IX) mechanical
properties--
Compressive strength-277 Mpa
Flexural strength- 46 Mpa
Diametral Tensile strength-21.6 Mpa

52. GIC as Biomimetic Material
• Glass-Ionomer cement is extensively used to
replace Dentin, hence it is called as
• Dentin Substitute
• Man made Dentin
• Artificial Dentin

53. Restorative including
deep cavities
Luting
GIC as Biomimetic
Material in
Conservative
Dentistry
Liner & BasesMinimum Intervention

54. Restoration of Non Carious
Cervical Lesion with G.I.C

55. Class V caries
restored with G.I.C

56. Restoration of Class I cavity with
G.I.C

58. GIC as base

59. GIC as a luting agent

60. • GIC as Biomimetic Material inEndodontics –
• Intracanal Rehabilitation, reinforcement-
• To ensure a better prognosis in cases like flared canal
where intraradicular dentin thickness is very less,
“Reinforcement Technique” should be followed.
• The intraradicular reinforcement method includes
placing a thick intermediate layer of adhesive
material, sandwiched between the root dentine and
a small-diameter metal post or dowel, to improve
the fracture resistance of such roots , which acts as a
dentin substitute.
• GIC is one of the preferred dentin substitute here, as
a biomimetic material.

61. Core Build up –
• The metal
reinforced glass
ionomer cements are
used for this
purpose
• Glass ionomer
cements reinforce
the teeth

62. Glass-ionomer based sealer
• Glass ionomer based sealer
has been advocated for
use in obturation because
of their dentin bondng
property
• It enables adhesion
between the material and
canal wall
• Disadvantage-It has
minimum anti bacterial
property
• Removal is difficult in case
of retreatment

63. Root canal perforation repair—
• GIC can be used to
repair perforation
during root canal
procedure as dentin
substitute.

65. • Calcium
phosphate i.e
hydroxyapati
te
substituted
with
carbonate
ions.
• Ions of
Strontium,Mg
,lead,Fl.
Inorganics,96% by vol.
ENAMEL
Organics & water,4% by vol.
• Proteins like
enamelins..
• Ameloblast
cells

66. DENTIN
Organics
20% by wt.,33% by vol.
 Calcium 26.9%
 Phosphorous
13.2%
 Carbonate
4.6%
 Sodium 0.6%
 Magnesium
0.8%
• Collagen 90%
• Proteins
• Lipids
Water
10% by wt.,22% by vol.

67.  Materials formed from two
constituents that are insoluble in one
another, forming a material with
properties that are superior or
intermediate to those of the
constituents but at the same time
maintaining their own
characteristics..

68. I Resin Matrix :BIS-GMA or Urethane
Dimethacrylate (UDMA) +
Dimethacrylate monomers (TEGDMA)
II Inorganic Fillers :
 Quartz/Glass Particles (0.1 to 100µm)
 Colloidal Silica (0.02 to 0.04 µm)
CONTENT 30-70% vol.
50-85% wt.
III Coupling Agents : organosilanes
IV Pigments : oxides of titanium
ACTIVATOR:Tertiary amines
PHOTO-
INITIATOR:Camphorquinone
CHEMICAL-
INITIATOR:Benzoyl Peroxide

69. Esthetics
The Influence of
Dental Anatomy
Dental anatomy and contour influence the color of the teeth
and esthetic restorations.
Dentin gives teetha more
opaque (dense) appearance than enamel.

70. Variation of shade
• Acc. to age:
In younger patients, enamel and dentin are thicker, and
more opaque and less translucent, in the
incisal area. In newly erupted permanent incisors, the
mamelons are present and result in a
dense, slightly darker, yellowish area at the incisal edges.

71. • Whether enamel or dentin is exposed
• Acc.to the vitality of the tooth:

72. Physics, Light and Color
• The hue is what we would typically think of as
“color”.
• The chroma is the degree of saturation or
purity of that hue.
• The value is the degree of lightness or
darkness of the color or material and ranges
from black (value 0) to white (value 10).
Acc. to the Munsell system

73. The type of light under which color/shade is
judged
influences the perception of color/shade.
A shade must mimic the translucency and opacity
of the
tooth in order to be able to blend in.

74. • Ask patient to remove lipstick.
• Place a light blue/grey/white bib over the patient’s clothing.
• Select shades at the start of the appointment and before prep-ping the
tooth.
• Select shades after removal of any significant extrinsic stain on the
adjacent dentition.
• Place the shade guide tab at arm’s length from your eyes.
• Place the shade guide tab alongside the patient’s surrounding dentition.
• Look for only a few seconds at a time to avoid eye fatigue that would
influence shade selection.
• Use the shade guide recommended by the composite manufacturer.
• Consider the light source – natural daylight is best.
• Use more than one source of light.
• Ensure that the shade taker has been tested for color blindness and has
no such abnormality.
Other Shade Influencing Factors

75. MEGAFILL : >100 µm
MACROFILL : 10 - 100 µm
MIDIFILL : 1-10 µm
MINIFILL : 0.1 - 1
µm
MICROFILL : 0.01 - 0.1 µm
NANOFILL : 0.005 – 0.01 µm
Shade of composite dependson
Size of filler particle
Filler content influences
esthetics; micro-filled and
nanofilled composites contain
microscopic filler particles that
scatter light, whereas hybrid
resins are less esthetic.
Shape of filler particle
Light-scattering is also
influenced by the shape of the
filler particles – multifaceted
particles scatter and reflect light
in different directions, and
nanofilled composites transmit
light more than other
composites.

76. When performing shade selection, first the
hue, then the chroma and then the value are
chosen. If using a Vitapan shade guide, this
order will result first in choosing from A-D for
the hue, then selecting from within that group
for the chroma. Lastly, the value is selected
based on degree of lightness/darkness and
may result in a different shade being viewed
as an alternative.
When using a composite resin, the manufacturer’s
recommended shade guide must be used to ensure the best
match possible of the restoration with the teeth.

77. Digital Shade
Vita 3D Shade Guide

79. flexural
strength
modulus of
elasticity

80. UNFILLED TRADITIO
NAL
MICRO-
FILLED
SMALL
PARTICLE
HYBRID
COMPRE-
SSIVE
STR.(MPa)
70 250-300 250-300 350-400 300-350
TENSILE
STR.(MPa)
24 50-65 30-50 75-90 70-90
ELASTIC
MODULUS
(GPa)
2.4 8-15 3-6 15-20 7-12
CO-EFF. OF
THERMAL
EXP.
10-6
/0
C
928 25-35 50-60 9-26 30-40
KHN 15 55 5-30 50-60 50-60
ENAMEL DENTIN
384 297
10 52
84 18
16.96×10 10.59×10
68343

81. BONDING..

83. FIRST
GENERA
TION

84. WHICHONE SHOULD WE
CHOOSE

85.  Generation classification of bonding
agents does not exist anymore. It was
officially withdrawn by its introducer
Dr. Marcus Vargas during 5th Indiana
Conference held at University Centre
on June 2000.
 Marketing gimmicks are being played
by various manufacturers giving
generation classification to their
systems on their own.

86. From that time the classification
of bonding agents have been
classified as –
(a) Total etch.
(b) Self etch.
Kuraray was the first company to
manufacture the first dentin bonding
agent of the world in 1978 called Clearfil
Bond System – F, which gave birth to
adhesive dentistry based on the
research of Prof. Fusayama and clinical
trials by Dr.Raymond Berttoloti.

87. Formationof a hybridlayer involving
dentincollagen& resin.

89. Dentin immediately after application of Self
Etching Systems
Demineralization of dentin 20 s after application
of Self Etching Systems forms retentive resin

91. Lower right lateral incisor with etched Class IV preparation

92. Placement of bonding agent

93. Light-curing of bonding agent

94. Class IV restoration during light-curing

95. Class IV restoration after light-curing

96. Completed Class IV restoration

97. COMPOSITE RESIN is a Biomimetic Material

100. Good esthetics
Long term color
stability
High hardness
& compressive
strength
Chemical
inertness
Excellent
biocompatibility

103. CERESTORE
DICOR
LITHIUM
DISILICATE
ALUMINOUS
CORE
PORCELAIN
LEUCITE RE-
INFORCED
IPS EMPRESS
CERAMICS

104. Modulus of elasticity(Al2O3)-350GPa
Fracture toughness(Al2O3)- 3.5 to 4 MPa.m1/2
Flexural Strength-
1) Platinum foil Method- 139 to 145 Mpa
2) Dry pressing and Sintering(15500C)-600MPa
Fracture toughness: 1.6-
2.1MPa.m1/2
Flexural strength 81 ± 6.8
Mpa
Marginal adaptation :
Avarage
Flexural strength-upto 112MPa
Fracture toughness- 0.9 to 1.3 Mpa.m1/2
Esthetics : high esthetic value
CERESTORE
Flexural strength-150MPa
Fracture toughness- 1.79
MPa.m1/2
Flexural Strength- 350 MPa
Fracture toughness- 3.3
Mpa.m1/2
It is fairly translucent but
somewhat more opaque.
ALUMINOUS CORE PORCELAIN DI-COR

105. CERESTORE
Excellent fit & marginal integrity.
Radio-density similar to that of
enamel.
Advantages

106. STAINS
Stain is more concentrated than the color modifier
They can be supplied as pure metal oxides but are
sometimes made from lower fusion point glasses.
Used as surface colorants or to provide enamel check
lines, decalcification spots

107. The wear properties of indirect dental composites
and all-ceramic materials were compared with
each other by in vitro tests. Human teeth were
used as antagonists and their wear loss was
calculated and the overall properties of a
composite are found to be influenced by the
volume fraction and types of fillers. The results of
this study indicate that indirect dental composite is
relatively more wear-friendly than all-ceramic
restoration. As for the wear loss of the enamel
antagonist, indirect composites are favorable and
less offensive. Therefore, the second generation of
indirect composites is promising in long-life dental
restorations. Int. J Oral Sci. 2013
Dec; 5(4): 183-190.

108. Knoop hardness, wear rate, mean friction coefficient and wear loss of antagonist

109. Studies Results, mean wear (s.d.)
Occlusal wear of ceramic crowns Occlusal wear of opposing natural
teeth
Suputta-mongkol 2008
Wear volume/mm3 Premolar 0.19 (0.06) Premolar 0.21 (0.06)
Molar 0.34 (0.08) Molar 0.50 (0.22)
Wear height/µm Premolar 29 (12) Premolar 46 (13)
Molar 36 (34) Molar 65 (29)
Etman 2008
Procera
Wear in µm after 6 months 143.60 (9.47) 130.96 (15.08)
Wear in µm after 12 months 201.18 (0.22) 184.24 (15.02)
Wear in µm after 18 months 243.70 (7.31) 216.84 (14.14)
Wear in µm after 24 months 321.60 (12.79) 261.58 (12.88)
Experimental ceramic
Wear in µm after 6 months 108.50 (4.87) 102.02 (8.49)
Wear in µm after 12 months 148.16 (6.38) 149.7 (6.59)
Wear in µm after 18 months 194.18 (11.92) 193.92 (12.07)
Wear in µm after 24 months 214.76 (4.9) 214.86 (6.09)
MC
Wear in µm after 6 months 87.06 (2.96) 75.52 (7.15)
Wear in µm after 12 months 116.3 (4.70) 106.9 (10.19)
Wear in µm after 18 months 142.30 (3.91) 133.82 (6.94)
Wear in µm after 24 months 176 (3.93) 156.42 (14.34)
Silva 2011 (at year 3 in mm3)
MC 1.48 (0.20) 1.10 (0.10)
IPS e.max Press without
veneering
1.06 (0.12) 0.80 (0.09)
Wear results of the teeth and their opposing crowns obtained in the reviewed studies

110. The Hunt is still on..!!!

111. Recent
Advancement in
Biomimetic
Material

112. FIBER REINFORCED GIC
It involves incorporation of a continuous
network / scaffold of alumina and SiO2 ceramic
fibers
•Flexural strength
increased(15.6 Mpa)
•Compressive strength
increased (200Mpa)
•Fracture Toughness—
0.22 Mpam0.5
This technology is called the Polymeric Rigid
Inorganic Matrix Material or PRIMM
Alumina and SiO2 ceramic fibers

113. Nano-Hydroxyaptite/yttria stabilized
ZIRCONIA (HA/YSZ) containing GIC
Here HA/YSZ is added to GIC. Nano-
Hydroxyaptite/yttria stabilized ZIRCONIA
(HA/YSZ) containing GIC defines a new class of
restorative glass ionomer that promises the
strength and durability ideal for permanent
posterior restoration maintaining aesthetics.

114. • (HA/YSZ) stabilized ZIRCONIA containing GIC–
Elastic
Modulus
(Gpa)
Thermal
Expansion
Coefficient
(x106)
Ultimate
Tensile
Strength
(Mpa)
Ultimate
compressive
strength
(Mpa)
Hardness
(KHN)
Enamel ~82 ~17 ~10 ~384 350-430
Dentin ~14 ~11 ~40-105 ~297 ~68
(HA/YSZ)
stabilized
ZIRCONIA
containing
GIC
~15 215-346 104-106
245~15 ~11-14

115. (HA/YSZ) stabilized ZIRCONIA containing GIC
• Strength and durability match to enamel and
amalgam
• Packable and condensable like amalgam
• No hazard of mercury, the risk of corrosion,
expansion and thermal conductivity
• High flexural modulus and compressive
strength
• Chemically bonds to enamel/dentin
• Tooth-like co-efficient of thermal expansion
• Excellent resistance to abrasion and erosion

116. Clinical applications of Nano-
Hydroxyapatite/yttria stabilized ZIRCONIA
(HA/YSZ) containing GIC
1. Class I & II cavities
2. Structural base in sandwich restorations
3. Core build-up under indirect restorations
4. Root surfaces where overdentures rest
5. Pediatric and Geriatric restorations
6. Long-term temporary replacement for fractured
cusps
7. Fractured amalgam restoration
8. Suitable for ART techniques

117. Preparation of Class I Cavity Restored with (HA/YSZ)
stabilized ZIRCONIA
containing GIC
“white amalgam”
•.

118. PROLINE CONTAINING GLASS
IONOMER CEMENT
• Amino acid (glycin, ß-alanin, glutamic acid) are
incorporated in GIC to increase the degree of
freedom of side chain amino acids to increase salt
bridge formation.
• Compressive strength increased (193-236 Mpa)
• Flexural strength increased (55-71 Mpa)
• Surface Hardness increased (52.3-64.5 VHN)
• Indication-
• Class v cavity restoration

119. Nano Glass Ionomers (Nano-Ionomers)
• Nanotechnologies have been applied to the resin
modified glass ionomers in the form of
nanoparticles (nanomers) and nanoclusters in
fluoro-alumino-silicate (FAS) glass.
• Increased polishability
• Increased aesthetics
• Decreased compressive
strength (48 KHN)

120. • INDICATIONS 0F NANO-IONOMERS -
• Class III, class V cavity restoration
• Primary teeth restoration

121. Advanced
Ceramics

122. Cercon
It is Zirconia based smart ceramics.
1. Metal-free restoration, increased aesthetics
2. Fracture toughness (5-10 Mpa.m1/2) increased
3. flexural strength (800-1300 Mpa) increased
4. Resistance to crack formation and propagation
increased.

123. Copping
Cercon
as
Biomimetic
Material
Closed Bite
Full Crown
Elevated
Occlusal
Force
High wear
and tear
Bruxism
High Musculature
Less Inter-occlusal Clearance
Short Crown Hight

124. Full Crown
Preparation By
Cercon

125. Still today there is no perfect
Biomimetic material

127. A perfect biomimetic restorative material that
contains all the synthetically manufactured
ingredients of enamel, dentin separately
including Hydroxyapatite crystal with all their
natural properties, that can be applied directly
on the lost tooth structure to restore enamel,
dentin respectively.

128. Future scope of Biomimetic Material
• Future scopes of Biomimetic Materials in
Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics still
now is potentially dynamic.
• The Dental profession continues to look for
one perfect material, the “Holy Grail” of
dentistry, to replace two very different
structural components of the tooth ( enamel
and Dentin), simultaneously.

130. Equia®System
It is an upcoming system.
Inorganic silica nanofillers (40 nm size) are dispersed in
liquid and reinforce the resulting polymer matrix.
1. Better resistance to dissolution,
disintegration and wear
2. Highly polishable surface
3. Maintenance of polished surface
for a longer period of time
4. Enhancement of optical
properties and translucency

131. Equia®System
Many studies claimed
that Equia®System is as
good as of natural
teeth, means towards
the goal of a perfect
biomimetic material.

132. Nano hydroxyapatite (HA) and
Nanofluoroapatite (FA) incorporated GIC –
• Nano-HA and Nano-FA particle size-100-150
nm
1. Increased bond Strength
2. Filling of demineralizing micro-pores in the
tooth structure
3. Compressive strength(210 Mpa when 5% wt
HA is added), diametral tensile strength and
biaxial flexural strength increased.(when
Ethanol is added)

133. • Research is going on a number of materials
such as alumina, alumina/titania, zirconia and
yttria stabilized zirconia incorporation in GIC
• There are very high expectations from this on-
going research on nanomaterials.

134. Nano-endodontic Sealer
• It is worldwide hot topic for researchers.
Composition-
– calcium silicate
– calcium phosphate
– calcium hydroxide
– zirconia
– thickening agent (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose)
– Bentonite

135. • Biomimetic properties of Nano-endodontic
Sealer --
On hydration reaction in root canal during it’s
setting calcium silicate and hydroxyapatite is
formed, which adopt to irregular dentin
surfaces and can rehabilitate the lost intra-
canal dentin.

136. Conclusion
• Replacement of diseased or lost tooth structure
with biomimetic materials is currently the
technique of today which will fulfil our dreams.
Yes, ‘Future is coming, it will be amazing’
• But future advances in this field will require
materials and computer scientist , physicist ,
bioengineers, clinicians, biologist and related
industries working together towards a shared
vision rather than pursuing their separate
objectives..

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