Presentation at Cascadia Open Summit, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver 17th April, 2019. Joint author Eamon Costello, DCU.

1. Free? Yes. Open? No
Journal Articles as OERs

2. Hello!
Tom Farrelly - Institute of
Technology, Tralee - @TomFarrelly
Eamon Costello - National Institute
of Digital Learning - Dublin City
University - @eamo
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3. @ILTA_Journal
Irish Learning Technology Association
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4. Stop a Moment
👤
• Q – Does your institution have its own repository?
• Q – Do you make any of your article outputs freely
available; and if so where?
• Q – Do you make use of other author’s work as
part of your T&L strategy? – if so how?
• Q - Given the choice would you opt for publication
in a tier 1 Journal with restrictive access or a tier
4 open access Journal?
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5. Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003)
1. The author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide,
perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the
work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any
responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship as well as the right to make
small numbers of printed copies for their personal use.
2. A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the
permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately
upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic
institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that
seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution, interoperability, and long-term
archiving (for the biomedical sciences, PubMed Central is such a repository).
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6. Have you heard of…
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7. Serious Business?

8. 108 (21.6%)
Open Access
201 (51.3%)
Infringed copy right & were non-compliant with Publisher
Policy
61 (15.6%) 24 (6.1%)
Preprint Post-Print
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Jamali, 2017

9. “…authors infringe copyright most of the time
not because they are not allowed to self-
archive, but because they use the wrong
version, which might imply their lack of
understanding of copyright policies and/or
complexity and diversity of policies” Jamali,
2017 p.112).
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10. So what can you Do? –
Understand OA Licenses
Licenses can govern the right to
distribute and reproduce
Licensing often supersedes
copyright
It all depends on how much you
want to give up …
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11. OA Licenses Types - Kelly, 2013
Gold Access
““Public Access: the public has immediate
access to the final, published version of the
article; or, after several years, the journal
may make articles open access”
Funding Models: the researcher pays a fee
to the journal, which can be between
hundreds and thousands of dollars
(e.g. Nature); or, an institution pays an
annual membership which waives its
members’ publishing fees (e.g. PLoS)”
Green Access
“Green Open Access: usually refers to a journal’s
policy which allows scholars to upload an earlier
version of their article to a digital repository; the
pre-print article may have been edited and peer
reviewed, but scholars could also post work that
has not gone through peer review”
“Funding Models: neither the researcher nor the
public pays a fee; repositories are supported
through institutional funding”
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12. Bronze Access “Bronze shares attributes of Gold and Hybrid; like both,
Bronze OA articles are publisher-hosted. Unlike Gold
OA, Bronze articles are not published in journals
considered open access in the DOAJ.
Unlike Hybrid, Bronze articles carry no license
information. Although this lack of identifiable license
may not be intentional, without an identifiable license,
the articles are free to read but do not allow extended
reuse rights beyond reading”.
Piowar et al. 2018 cited in Costello 2019
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13. Bronze or Fourée (Costello, 2019)
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Carlomarion, 2005
HOWEVER… “Theoretically, a publisher could
deprive me of access to a “free” article before I
had finished reading it; i.e., at any time. Hence,
“bronze” seems too strong a word. We need
something that captures the fleeting, unfair, and
asymmetrical nature of power that this type of
access embodies”.

14. Points to Consider
Open is frequently a misused and
misunderstood term
Typologies do not necessarily add the
clarity one might think
Green Access is a good option and people
should consider it more
Free Access is very limited and not as
useful as one might imagine –
‘Disappearing Ink’ (Wiley 2014)
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Thanks!
Any questions?
You can find us at @TomFarrelly & @eamo
Slides: http://bit.ly/cascadia19

16. References
• Coalition for Responsible Sharing (n.d.) Coalition Statement. Available from:
http://www.responsiblesharing.org/coalition-statement/
• Costello, E. (2019). Bronze, free, or fourrée: an open access commentary. Science Editing, 6(1), 69-
72. https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.157
• Carlomorino (2005) Available from:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/9/96/20100923141710%21Pomponia7.jpg
• Jamali, H.R. (2017) Copyright compliance and infringement in ResearchGate full-text journal
articles. Scientometrics (2017) 112: 241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2291-4
• Nature (2018) Major publishers sue Research Gate over copyright infringement. Available from:
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06945-6
• Piwowar H, Priem J, Lariviere V, et al. The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and
impact of open access articles. PeerJ 2018;6:e4375. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375
• Wiley, D. (2014) Disappearing Ink, Textbook Affordability, and Ownership. Available at:
https://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3192 [Accessed 28/0].
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17. Credits
Special thanks to all the people who made and
released these awesome resources for free:
• Presentation template by SlidesCarnival
• Photographs by Unsplash
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