2- Identify the first-row transition metal for the following 18-electr.docx

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2. Identify the first-row transition metal for the following 18-electron species: (a) [M(CO) (PPho)l (b) [(n5-CsHs)M(CO)32 (assume a single MM bond) Solution (a) [M(CO)3(PPh3)] - PPh3 = 2 e- 1 PPh3 = 1*2 = 2e- CO = 2 e- 3 CO = 3*2 = 6e- Metal = x e- 1 M = 1*x = xe- (assuming zero oxidation state) Oxidaion State = 1 e- = 1e- ------------------------------------------------- 8 e- + 1 e- + x e- = 18e- x = 9e- = s 2 d 7 metal = Cobalt (Co) metal (b) [(n 5 -C 5 H 5 )M(CO) 3 ] 2 calculation done around 1 Metal (n 5 -C 5 H 5 ) = 5 e- 1 (n 5 -C 5 H 5 ) = 1*5 e- = 5 e- (only one metal is considered, else this would be 10e-) CO = 2 e- 3 CO = 3*2 e- = 6 e- (only one metal is considered, else this would be 12e-) M-M = 1 e- 1 M-M = 1*1 e- = 1 e- (only one metal is considered, else this would be 2e-) M = x e- 1 M = 1*x e- = x e- (only one metal is considered, else this would be 2x e-) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 12 e- + x e- = 18 e-Â Â (only one metal is considered, else this would be 18*2 = 36 e-) x e- = 18-12 = 6 e- thus x = 6 e- = s 2 d 4 metal = Chromium (Cr) metal .

Formation

12 e- + x e- = 18 e-Â Â (only one metal is considered, else this would be 18*2 = 36 e-)
x e- = 18-12 = 6 e-
thus x = 6 e- = s 2
d 4
metal = Chromium (Cr) metal

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In a symmetric multiprocessor configuration: AH processors can perform the same copy a program at the same time AH processors can perform the same types of functions Each processor has its own OS Each processor has its own set of I/O devises In SMP OS: Any processor may perform scheduling Only Master processor may perform scheduling Memory and process management must be done by different processors I/O management is a function of a special dedicated processor We can say that multiprocessor OS supports fault tolerance if: The operating system \'does not pay attention \" to the HW failure of a single processor The operating system controls only error signals from the external devices The operating system provides graceful degradation in the face of processor failure. The operating systems reacts only on error messages from the user programs HW-based cache coherence solutions used to recognize: The dynamic recognition at run time of potential inconsistency conditions HW errors in the cache Duplication of the data item in the cache The correct execution of the write operation in the cache What is wrong? The duster Is: A group of interconnected whole computers working together as a unified computing resource A group of separate computers used to solve one big task The alternative to SMP as an approach to providing high performance The alternative to SMP as an approach to providing high availability 20. If in multiprocessor system access time for a processor differs depending on which region of main memory is being accessed, we call memory access: Solution Answers: 15) 1 16) 1 17) 3 18) 1 19) 2 20) 4 .

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In consumer behavior we discussed innovators, opinion leaders, and market mavens who may have an influence over our purchase decisions. There is a similar concept discussed for organizational buyer behavior. Describe the concept and how it relates to the CB concepts. Solution In consumer behavior we discussed innovators, opinion leaders, and market mavens who may have an influence over our purchase decisions. There is a similar concept discussed for organizational buyer behavior. Describe the concept and how it relates to the CB concepts. In consumer behavior, the main entities that can influence the purchase decision of a consumer are: 1) innovators are the one who are basically risk takers. The main attribute of them are the fact that they are able to absorb the financial cost as well as the social cost of adopting the unsuccessful products. They are the one who extensively use commercial media, cosmopolitan in their outlook, uses professional source for getting information, etc. 2) Market mavens are the individuals who provide wide amount of information about the different kinds of products and services. They basically foster information related to product quality, features, availability, price and sales. Extroverted, conscientious, and extensive use of media are some of the main characteristics of market mavens. 3) Opinion leaders are the one who basically provides information about a particular product or activities. They are having more status than that of their followers and are socially active (Hawkins, Mothersbaugh and Best, 2012). In contrast to innovators, opinion leaders and market mavens that may affect consumer purchase decision are buying center that affects the organizations .

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In certain chlorophyll cofactors the Mg2+ is axially coordinated by the S-atom of a methionine. This is odd considering that Mg2+ is considered to be a â€œhard acidâ€ cation. Why would water molecules be a more natural choice for coordination to the Mg2+ than sulfur? What is it then about this protein and its structure that makes the Mg-S coordination happen? Solution Mg 2+ is the bound central metal ion in chlorophyll which is the major photosynthetic pigment.In chlorophyll Mg 2+ is chelated equatorially by tetrapyrrolic macrocycle.One of the two axial position is occupied mainly by histidine residue and other by O-donors,N-donors or S atom. According to Pearson classification Mg 2+belongs to hard ions and it\'s ionic radius is relatively small.It forms stable complexes with O- donors like H2O while less stable complexes with N donors or S atom.Since water is a polar molecule and is electron rich and also the distance between Mg 2+ and water is found to be 2.06 AÂ° which is smaller compared to the others. Also the water and Mg bond is electrostatic in nature.All this makes water and Mg 2+ coordination more stronger and preferred over S atom. S is also being an electron rich ..it can also form bond with Mg 2+. These has been explained on the basis of Density functional theory which gives the distance between Mg 2+ and Water and S atom. .

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In c, Topic pointers Why do they call it dereferencing? As in dereferencing the pointer. Where does that name come from? In c, Topic pointers Why do they call it dereferencing? As in dereferencing the pointer. Where does that name come from? Topic pointers Why do they call it dereferencing? As in dereferencing the pointer. Where does that name come from? Solution a.) A pointer is a variable that consists the address in memory of another variable. The deference of a pointer gives the contents of an object pointed to by the pointer. b.) Through this we are accessing a variable indirectly. De- prefix mostly comes from the latin preposition meaning from. Dereferencing takes asway the reference and gives us what we are actually referring to. c.) The unary operator * is the dereferecing operator ,which helps in accessing the object the pointer points to. d.) Example: typedefÂ Â struct X{int i_; double d_;} X; XÂ Â Â x; X*Â Â p= &x; p->d_=3.15576;Â Â Â Â // dereferencing and accessing the data member x.d_ (*p).d_*=-1; .

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In 2012, Shurtleff estimates that warranty costs in the following year will be $25,000. Actual warranty costs in 2013 are only $20,000. What is the effect on the accounting equation when recording estimated warranty costs in 2012? A) Assets decrease B) Stockholdersâ€™ equity increases C) Assets increase D) Stockholdersâ€™ equity decreases E) Liabilities decrease Solution D) Stockholdersâ€™ equity decreases Estimated Warranty cost is recorded as an expense for future warranty work, So it reduces Income, which ultimately decreases Stockholder\'s Equity. .

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ii)State whether you would expect the following Group 13 metal cations to act as Lewis acids or bases. Order the cations in terms of softest to hardest. Explain your answer. Al3+, Tl3+, Ga3+, Tl+ (iii) State whether you would expect the following Group 15 hydrides to act as Lewis acids or bases. Order the hydrides in terms of softest to hardest. Explain your answer. PH3, NH3, AsH3 Solution ii) The given group 13 metal cations will act as a Lewis acids , because cations are are electron deficient and act as a electron acceptor. Hard Acids are Lewis acid which are small in size and most likely are the light metal cation with high positive oxidation state like Al 3+ Soft Acids are Lewis acid which are larger in size and most likely are the heavy metal cation associated with low oxidation state like Tl 3+ Tl + Oder of cation from softest to hardest Â Â Tl + < Tl 3+ < Al 3+ (iii) The given Group 15 hydrides will acts as Lewis Base, because Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Arsenic has a lone pair of electron that it can donate. Hard Base are Lewis base anions or neutral molecules which are not easily polarizable like NH 3 Soft Base are Lewis base anions or neutral molecules which are easily polarizable like PH 3 and AsH 3 Order the hydrides in terms of softest to hardest AsH 3 < PH 3 <NH 3 .

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IMF in Greece. Good or bad for the country? Why? Solution IMF is international monetary fund.It was established with the motive of promoting international monetary cooperation.It is good because: 1. It helps in abolishing the exchange restrictions among member nations. 2. It helps in maintaining balanced economic development of the member nations by poviding them monetary help. 3. It helps the member countries in making investment in profitable projects. 4. It offers monetary help to member countries in correcting the disequilibrium of balance of payment. IMF is bad because: 1. it is a club of rich countries only. it discriminate between rich and poor memebers. 2. it do not provides loan for developmental projects. it only gives loans for maintaining the favourable balance of payment. 3. it interferes in the domestic economies of member countries. while providing loan to member counties IMF put many restrictions. 4. IMF tried to maintain stability in price of gold but failed in achieving this aim. .

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2. What is a colloid? Why is it difficult to filter a colloid? 3. What is coagulation? What is peptization? 4. Why is the solution of AgNOs added slowly? 5. Why must a large excess of AgNOs be avoided? 6. Why must the silver chloride be protected from the light? 7. For simplicity assume that your unknown chloride is NaCl. Calculate how many mL of the 5% AgNO3 solution must be added to 0.4020 g of the NaCl sample to precipitate all the chloride. Note: 5% means that there are 5 grams of silver nitrate per 100 mL of solution. Solution 2) Colloid : Colloid is a dispersion of small tiny particles in a liquid.. In collods the tiny particles remain suspended in the solvent. rather than settling at the bottom. It is difficult to filter collodal solution because these tiny particles pass through the filter paper. 3) Coagulation : means the aggrigation of oppositely charged particles which settle down under the gravity. Peptization : It is a phenomenon of the formation of a colloidal dispersion from precipitation. 4)Addition of the AgNO3 be done slowly because the addition tends to yield large particles which makes filtration more efficiently .It also helps limit coprecipitation. 5)To avoid coprecipatation the excess of AgNO3 be avoided. 6)Silver chloride must be protected from light as it is unstable. Exposure to light it becomes greyish yellow . Hence, to avoid decompostion, it must be protected from light. .

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