1. Bigger and Better? Health in the US

2. What does it mean to be healthy? A state of well being that is free from disease. How healthy are we? The life expectancy of an American man is: 75 yrs. old The life expectancy of an American woman is: 80 yrs. old Why is it at this level? The improvement in technology and healthcare . Why isn’t it the highest? There are some very serious health problems that are occurring in the US, that aren’t as prevalent in other countries. (diet, lifestyles) Health in the US

3. World life expectancy Health in the US

5. Health in the US

6. How is wealth and life expectancy related? Why? Have more access to better preventative care than poorer Americans. Health in the US

8. Who is uninsured? Major groups: 38% Mexicans 33% Native Americans. 32% 18-24 yr. old Total: 16% of the population in uninsured. (Avg.) Health in the US

9. The Cost to American taxpayers: Health in the US

10. The cost of healthcare: The US spends more money on healthcare than any other nation in the world. The majority of money comes from: A total of $1.4 trillion dollars was spent on healthcare in 2005. Health in the US

13. Health in the US

14. Access to Healthcare:  There is a current surplus of doctors today in the US between 100,000 and 150,000. Why are some people having trouble accessing Healthcare?  The majority of doctors are located in wealthy urban and suburban areas. Ex: In Beverly Hills area of Los Angeles, there is a doctor for every 254 people. In contrast, in South- Central Los Angeles, there is a doctor for every 24,500 people.  Also, of the 700,000 doctors in the US, only 65,000 are general practitioners (family doctors), thus creating a shortage in basic medical care. Health in the US

15. The Cost of Healthcare: The average amount spent on health care per person is: $3834/ yr. For those over the age of 65: $11,000/ yr. An average operation in the hospital can cause economic disaster for the patient. Ex: In Las Vegas, the cost to treat a broken ankle totals over $25,000 for the patient. For other operations it can be more: Nevada= hospital charges are 300 times the costs. Health in the US

16. It makes no sense for Valley Hospital in Las Vegas to charge $233,259 for a heart valve operation that the Cleveland Clinic lists at $88,273, not when the Cleveland institution has a mortality rate of 3.67 percent for the procedure while Valley's is 6.78 percent. That means Nevadans pay more than 2 1/2 times more for an 85 percent greater chance of dying from the surgery. The fleecing of America Example of Economic differences and problems in the Health care system: Health in the US

17. Many Americans today suffer from chronic diseases. What is a chronic disease? Chronic diseases are long-term illnesses that are rarely cured. These diseases can become a significant health and financial burden to not only those persons who have them, but also their families and the nation’s health care system. Chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, and heart disease negatively affect quality of life, contributing to declines in functioning and the inability to remain in the community Health in the US

18. What are the major diseases that are afflicting Americans today? 1: Heart Disease 2: Cancer 3: Stroke Health in the US

19. Health in the US

20. Major chronic diseases that increase with age: Health in the US

22. Other health effects for older Americans: - In 1998, about 15% of persons ages 65 to 69, 70 to 74, and 75 to 79 had severe symptoms of depression, compared with 21% of persons ages 80 to 84, and 23% of persons age 85 or older. - Memory Impairment- Health in the US

23. Problems facing all Americans: The number 1 factor affecting health today is: STRESS!!! How does your body react to stress? -raise blood pressure -increase heartbeat -restrict blood flow to the skin -reduce stomach activity, causing a feeling of 'butterflies' -increase perspiration. -release sugar and fat into the system -reduce the efficiency of the immune system, so we fight infections less well. Health in the US

24. Short term Effects of stress: High blood pressure can lead to headaches and circulation problems. Shutting down the immune system lays us more open to colds and other viruses. Reducing the normal function of the digestion system can cause stomach upsets. Long term Effects 50-70% more likely to suffer a stroke over time of high stress. Permanently raised blood pressure can increase your risk of a heart attack or stroke. (4-6x’s more likely in high effort/ low control jobs) Too much fat in the blood can clog the arteries, which also increases your risk of heart disease. Health in the US

25. Other Health issues: Depression Who does it affect? 1 in 10 Americans Women are 2x’s as likely to suffer from it. 1 st appearance is in the late teens and early 20’s. Health Effects of Depression: - Significant change in appetite or body weight - Difficulty sleeping or oversleeping - Loss of energy - Difficulty thinking or concentrating - Repeated thoughts of death or suicide ** Depression is projected to become the leading cause of disability Health in the US

26. Other Health Issues: Smoking How prevalent is it? An estimated 45.8 million, or 22.5 percent of, adults are current smokers Around 22% of high school students were current smokers. Over 10% of middle school students were current smokers in 2002 Health and Economic costs? Smoking-related diseases claim an estimated 440,000 American lives each year, Smoking costs the United States over $150 billion each year in health-care costs including $75.5 billion in excess medical expenditures. Health in the US

27. Figure 12. Cigarette smoking among men, women, high school students, and mothers during pregnancy: United States, 1965-2003 Men Women Mothers during pregnancy High school students Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2004 Percent 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2003 Year Health in the US

28. Smoking Trends: The annual prevalence of smoking has declined 47 percent between 1965 and 2002. Cigarette smoke contains over 4,800 chemicals, 69 of which are known to cause cancer. Smoking is directly responsible for 90 percent of lung cancer deaths and approximately 80-90 percent of COPD (emphysema and chronic bronchitis) deaths. Smoking is also a major factor in coronary heart disease and stroke; may be causally related to malignancies in other parts of the body; and has been linked to a variety of other conditions and disorders, including slowed healing of wounds, infertility, and peptic ulcer disease. Smoking in pregnancy accounts for an estimated 20 to 30 percent of low-birth weight babies. Health in the US

29. Fast Food: A closer look In the US: over 120,000 fast food chains Top 3: Subway (21,499 ) McDonald’s (13,609 ) Burger King (7,904 ) In the world: over 160,000 worldwide Income: US citizens spent $110 billion on fast food in 2000 – that's more than any other country in the world, and a lot more than the $6 billion spent 30–years ago in 1970. Fast Food Annual Expenditure: US - $1429 per annum per person West Europe - $467 - “North America, Western Europe and Japan together account for 86% of the global foodservice market” Health in the US

30. Fast Food in the United States: (how it began) Richard and Maurice McDonald chalked out a design for a new type of hamburger restaurant on a tennis court in 1948. Their goal was to make the operation as efficient as possible. Compared with previous fast-food chains they planned to reduce their expenses, thereby permitting them to sell hamburgers at a lower price. “ The McDonalds' success encouraged others to imitate them. Based on his observation of their burger stand, Keith Cramer began a fast-food hamburger restaurant in Florida which eventually became the Burger King chain. In 1954 Ray Kroc, a salesman who sold Multimixers, visited the McDonald's operation. He was so impressed that he arranged with the McDonalds to sell franchises.” Health in the US

33. Influence of Fast Food: The success of many fast food chains is directly related to their ability to market their products to the public. Many restaurants have focused their marketing strategy on bringing children into the restaurants. By focusing on children at an early age, they can develop a life long relationship with that person, as well, as bring more parents into the restaurants as well. Advertising to children by fast food restaurants is now a $13 billion dollar a year industry. Health in the US

34. Influence of Fast Food: Some Examples of marketing to children: 1) Pizza Hut’s Book It reading program. 2) Coke and Pepsi contracts with schools. 3) Characters like, Ronald McDonald, the Taco Bell Chihuahua, Wendy, and Grimace. 4) The introduction of the Happy Meal, and the Burger King Kid’s Club. 5) Contracts with Movie companies, like Disney. 6) Playlands attached to the restaurants. Health in the US