Propagation of global stressors at the algae-consumer interface: From short- to long-term scales of observations [Manuel Villar-Argaiz]

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Propagation of global stressors at the algae-consumer interface: From short- to long-term scales of observations (Session 6.3). Presented by Manuel Villar-Argaiz at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.

Formation

obal Change and the World's Mountains, Perth 2010

Propagation of global stressors
at the algae-consumer interface:
From short- to
long-term scales of observations
Manuel Villar-Argaiz, JM Medina-Sánchez, FJ Bullejos, G Herrera, C Duran, S
Rosillo and P Carrillo
University of Granada, Spain Photo credit: NASA

(Urabe & Sterner 1996, PNAS)

Nutrients (P, N, Fe…)

One of the most marked nutrient imbalances in food webs is observed between
plants and herbivores (Brett & Goldman 1997, Science)

“Extremely simple” biological communities

(Medina-Sánchez et al., L&O 2004)

3482 m

High Mountain Lakes = Global change labs

Snowline depends on altitude and latitude

Löfter H. 1969. High altitude lakes in Mt. Everest region. Verh.Int.Ver.Theor.Lim. 17: 373-385

Mediterranean High
Mountain lakes
Low latitude and High altitude

HIGH UV IRRADIANCE
Photo: NASA

Mediterranean High
Mountain lakes
Proximity Major dust sources

HIGH ATMOSPHERIC
AEROSOL INPUTS

Photo: NASA

(Carney & Elser, 1990; Villar-Argaiz et al., 2001; Nuwer et al., 2008)
Mixodiaptomus laciniatus (~100% biomass)

…integrating different scales….

MID-TERM LONG-TERM

Population dynamics Population dynamics
Abiotic/biotic Monitoring

Observational
Studies
Experimental
Studies

Growth (growth rate)
Nutrition (asimilaton carbon AEC)

Experimental
Studies

Growth (growth rate)

― UVR (plexiglass) + UVR

60 40 60 40

Control 20 30 Control
20 30

(2700 L)

2 X 5 factorial
design

+ UVR - UVR

(Carrillo et al., GCB 2008; Bullejos et al., L&O 2010 in press)

Food quantity
– UVR + UVR
60 60

(same quality distinct quantity )
No dilution

Dilution 0.2 μm filtered water
100 %
12.5 % 25 % 50 %
– UVR

– UVR

+ UVR
+ UVR

– UVR

+ UVR

– UVR

+ UVR

Food quality (same quantity distinct quality)
– UVR + UVR
Control Control 20 20 30 30 60
40 40 60

Dilution (0.2 μm) to Food Concentration of Treatment Control
+ UVR
– UVR

– UVR

+ UVR

+ UVR

+ UVR
+ UVR
– UVR

– UVR

– UVR

Herbivore consumer growth rate

• Copepod & Daphnid growth rate
t = 12 d

Somatic GR
g = ln(Mt) - ln(M0) / t

t=5d

• Rotifer growth rate
Intrinsic GR
t = 13 d
r = [ln(N13) - ln(N0) / t

Nutrients X UVR
Nutrients

Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review

Effects on zooplankton growth of UVR (1), Nutrients (2) and their interaction

NUTRIENTS

NUTRIENTS
and UVR

Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review

Population dynamics

Experimental
Studies

50 P-ENRICHMENT increased
40 algae, whereas UVR
slightly constrained algae
50
30 40

20 30
20

control

30
40 STRONG P-ENRICHMENT
20
and UVR (at inter. P levels)
20
constrained zooplankton
30
40

50
50

control

(Bullejos et al., L&O 2010 in press)

Population dynamics
Abiotic/biotic Monitoring

Observational
Studies

http://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Data Product: AEROSOL INDEX
ITCZ (InterTropical Convergence Zone)

OZONE

REFLECTIVITY

UV - IRRADIANCE

PRECIPITATION National and International
Environmental Agencies

Abiotic
characterization

Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review

Abiotic
characterization

Photo credit: R. Morales

Deposition
event AI =0.5

Large
deposition
event AI > 5

Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review

Population Dynamics

Villar-Argaiz et al. In Review

Phytoplankton
Zooplankton

(Bullejos et al., L&O 2010 in press)

Strong UVR role
Low-Moderate
atmospheric
inputs

No UVR role

Strong
atmospheric
inputs

Eutrophication High grazing
herbivores
(Daphnia)

Acknowledgment
> National Park of Sierra Nevada for permission and
help to study high mountain lakes.
> Finantial support: I+D Projects, MMA-National Parks

> Colleagues and students who helped with the sampling

Thanks !
Manuel Villar-
Argaiz

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