Presentation on medicinal chemistry of vitamin D and K

1. VITAMIN D & K

2. INTRODUCTION- Vitamin D
■ Vitamin-D is a fat soluble vitamin
■ It is a sterol and contains steroid nucleus
(Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring)
■ It functions like a hormone

3. Vitamin D1
Vitamin D4

4. DAILY
REQUIREMEN
T OFVITAMIN
D

5. CHEMISTRYOFVITAMIN D
■ Vitamin D is a generic term and indicates a molecule of the general structure having
for rings A, B, C, and D with differing side chain structures.
■ The A, B, C, and D ring structure is derived from the
cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring structure for steroids.
■ Technically vitamin D is classified as a seco-steroid. Seco-steroids are those in which
one of the rings has been broken; in vitamin D, the 9,10carbon-carbon bond of ring B is
broken, and it is indicated by the inclusion of "9,10-seco"in the official nomenclature.
■ Vitamin D (calciferol) is named according to the revised rules of the International
Union ofPure andApplied Chemists (IUPAC).Because vitamin D is derived from a
steroid, the structure retains its numbering from the parent compound cholesterol.

6. BIOSYNTHESIS

7. MECHANISMOF ACTION

12. Functions ofVitamin D
■ Bone development
– Calcium absorption (small intestine)
– Calcium resorption (bone and kidney)
– Maintain blood calcium levels
– Phosphorus absorption (small intestine)
■ Hormone
– Regulation of gene expression
– Cell growth

13. Vitamin D Supplements
■ A total of 258 vitamin D formulations are available in the Indian market.
■ Vitamin D is commonly available in two forms: Vitamin D2
(ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol).
■ Only two preparations contain vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). More than
99.9% of the preparations contain vitamin D3 in the form of alfacalcidiol
(25 hydroxycholecalciferol), calcitriol (1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol) or
cholecalciferol (inactive vitamin D).
■ Most of the preparations contain calcitriol (n=120,46.5%) or alfacacidiol
(n=111;43.02%). Approximately 10% of preparations contain
cholecalciferol (n=27, 10.5%

14. INTRODUCTION- Vitamin K

15. DAILY
REQUIREMEN
T OFVITAMIN
K

26. Vitamin K Supplements
■ Vitamin K is present in most multivitamin/multimineral supplements,
typically at values less than 75% of the daily value. It is also available in
dietary supplements containing only vitamin K or vitamin K combined
with a few other nutrients, frequently calcium, magnesium, and/or
vitamin D.
■ Several forms of vitamin K are used in dietary supplements, including
vitamin K1 as phylloquinone or phytonadione (a synthetic form of
vitamin K1) and vitamin K2 as MK-4 or MK-7.
■ One study found that both phytonadione and MK-7 supplements are
well absorbed, but MK-7 has a longer half-life.