sustainable Agriculture without any in-organic fertilizer and chemicals

1. ORGANIC FARMING
SubmittedTo: Dr. FarhanKhalid
SubmittedBy: Usama Afzal
Subject: Organic Farming (AGR-511)
Semester: 5TH
Roll No. D021
B.Sc (Hons) Agriculture
Session (2018 - 2022)
University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences
THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR

2. QUALITY OF FOOD AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY UNDER NATURAL
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
ORGANIC FARMING:
It involves the cultivation of plants and rearing of animals in natural ways. This
process involves the use of biological materials, avoiding synthetic substances to maintain soil
fertility and ecological balance thereby minimizing pollution and wastage.

3. Components of Organic ProductionSystems:
Components Category
Crop sequence Rotations
Cover crops
Crop Management Variety and hybrid selection
Planting depth
Planting date
Plant population
Row width
Harvest and storage
Soil Management Tillage practices
Fertility
Pest Management Weed management
Insect management
Disease management
Crop Sequence:
An organic production systembegins with selection of the best rotation sequence of
production crops and cover crops based on a field’s specific characteristics. This is important in
the first few years of an organic production system. Rotation sequences should be designed to
do the following:

4.  Reduce weed pressure by minimizing the amount of weed seed produced and reducing
perennial weeds
 Increase the amount of mineralizable nitrogen in the soil
 Reduce the incidence of insect and disease pests by eliminating hosts and interrupting
pest life cycles
This goal usually requires combinations or rotations of crops that attract different insects and
diseases, fix nitrogen, inhibit weed growth, and enhance the soil.
Types of Organic Farming:
Organic farming is divided into two types, namely:
1. Integrated organic farming
2. Pure organic farming
Pure organic farming: In this type of farming, we use organic manure and bio-pesticide from
natural sources with complete avoidance of inorganic chemicals.
Integrated organic farming: It involves the integration of pest management and nutrients
management to achieve economic demands.
Advantages of Organic Farming:
 Economical- Farmers can reduce their production costs because they do not need to
buy expensive chemicals and fertilizers.
 High Demand– Currently, the demand for organic food is growing faster than supply.
Countries like UK and US have to import organic food from abroad.
 Soil fertility-It improves the physical, chemical and biological health of soil also
maintain the fertility of soil.
 Environment Friendly-It helps in maintaining environment health by reducing the
Level of pollution. It is a eco-friendly technology.
 Water management- Organic farming practices help to reduce ground water
pollution. Hence quality of ground water improves.
 Maintains diversity- More animals and plant can live in the same place in a natural
way which increases biodiversity.
 Nutritional value- Organic Food is better in tastes and is poison-free moreover
nutritional value is higher in organic foods
 Utilization of resources- It ensures optimum utilization of natural resources for
short-Term benefit and helps in conserving them for future Generation.

5. Disadvantages of Organic Farming:
 Incompetent – The major issue of organic farming is the lack of Inadequate
infrastructure and marketing of the product.
 Expensive products- Organic food is more expensive because farmers do not get as
much out of their land . Organic products may cost up to 40% more.
 Less production- The organic farming products are lesser in the initial years as
compared to the chemical product. So, the farmers find it difficult to accommodate
large scale production.
 Shorter shelf-life- Organic products have more flaws and shorter shelf life than the
chemical product. Therefore organic products spoils faster than in-organic.
 Limited production- Off-season crops are limited and have fewer choices option in
organic farming.
 High Production cost- Production cots are higher because farmers need more workers
in organic farming system.
Meaning and Importance of Organic Farming:

6. Benefits of Organic Farming:
Limitations of Organic Farming:

7. Organic food quality v/s in-organic food quality:
Organic food is increasingly attracting the interest of consumers, as it is perceived to be
healthier than food produced by conventional agriculture, and to be more sustainable for the
environment.
 Many people choose organic foods to avoid any risks associated with the pesticides,
herbicides, and other chemicals used in conventional farming. Parents may be
concerned that exposure to these chemicals might harm the development of their
children, and therefore they choose organic. It is the fact that organic diets lower
children’s exposure to pesticides.
 As for organic food being healthy, UC Davis, have demonstrated higher amounts of
nutrients in some varieties of organic foods.
 Another study from Newcastle University in England showed organic milk contained 67
percent more vitamins and antioxidants, as well as more Omega-3s and Omega-6s
(“healthy” fat) than conventional milk.
 Organic foods do not contain any additives or preservatives, and are not genetically
modified.
 When you buy organic, you’re also bypassing antibiotics and hormones given to animals
in conventional methods, added to the fact that these animals are also treated in a
more respectful and humane way under organic standards.
 Several studies have found that organic foods generally contain higher levels of
antioxidants and certain micronutrients, such as vitamin C, zinc and iron. In fact,
antioxidant levels can be up to 69% higher in these food.
 One study also found that organically grown berries and corn contained 58% more
antioxidants and up to 52% higher amounts of vitamin C than in-organic.
 Organically grown crops have also been lower levels of nitrate. In fact, studies have
shown that nitrate levels are 30% lower in these crops. High nitrate levels are linked to
an increased risk of certain types of cancer.
 While several studies find organic foods to contain more nutrients, many others have
found insufficient evidence to recommend organic over inorganic .

8. Basic Steps of Organic Farming:
Organic farming approach involves following five principle:
 Conversion of land from conventional management to
Organic management.
 Management of the entire surrounding systemto ensure
Biodiversity and sustainability of the system.
 Crop production with the use of alternative sources of
Nutrients such as crop rotation, residue management, organic Manures and biological
inputs.
 Management of weeds and pests by better management
Practices, physical and cultural means and by biological Control system.
 Maintenance of live stock in tandem with organic concept
And make them an integral part of the entire system.

9. Farm management & Practices:
three main components of farm management in Organic farming:
 Fertilizer management
 Weed control
 Pest management

10. Fertilizer Management:
To get high yield fertilizers are applied to provide nutrients to crop Plants. By using
fertilizers land, water and air is polluted that cause serious Diseases in human beings
and animals. To avoid these problems organic farming plays role.
a) Manures:
Manures are the organic material derived from
Animals, human and plants residues which contain
Plant nutrients in complex organic forms
Manures can be grouped into:
i. Bulky Organic Manures
ii. Concentrated Organic Manures

11. Bulky Organic manures:
Bulky organic manures contain small percentage of Nutrients and they are applied in
large quantity.
Bulky Organic Manures are:-
 Farm Yard Manure
 Poultry Manure
 Green Manure/Crop Residue
 Farm Yard Manure:
 FYM refers to the decomposed mixture of dung and urine of farm animals along
with litter left over.
 A typical application of 25 t ha-1 of FYM From housed organic cattle will contain
150 kg of N, 35 kg of P and 140 kg of K.

12.  Poultry Manure:
 It ferments very quickly, 50 percent of its N is lost in 30 days.
 It contains 3.03% N, 2.63% P2O and 1.4% K2O.

13.  Green Manure:
 Many crops are grown and at vegetative stage mix up in the soil just to improve
the organic matter in soil.
 At vegetative stage these crops are easily decomposed in soil and worked like
inorganic fertilizer due to having low C:N ratio.

14. Concentrated Organic Manure:
They have higher nutrient contents than bulky organic manures.
They have:
 Oil cakes
 Composts
 Bio-Fertilizers
 Oil Cakes:
 After oil is extracted from oilseeds the remaining
Solid portion is dried as oil cake which is used as Manure.
 Composts:
 Mass of rotten Organic matter made from waste is called compost.
It may be
 Farm compost
 Town compost