This document discusses employee morale, including its definition, factors that influence it, symptoms of low and high morale, and ways to boost it. Morale is defined as the capacity of a group to work consistently towards a common purpose and resides in people's minds and emotions. Key factors that influence morale include job security, satisfaction, culture, management style, and perceptions of work and rewards. Symptoms of low morale include tardiness, absenteeism, and poor relationships, while high morale is indicated by feelings of belongingness, team spirit, and commitment. To boost morale, managers should motivate employees through communication, job enrichment, recognition, consultation, and empowerment while creating a healthy work environment. Morale is also related to productivity
2. Contents
Meaning and definition
Motivation and Morale
Factors influencing Employee Morale
Individual Morale and Group Morale
Low morale and High Morale
Symptoms of Low Morale and High
Morale
How to boost Morale?
Morale and Productivity
3. Meaning and Definition
“Morale is the capacity of a group of people
to pull together persistently and consistently in
pursuit of a common purpose”
- Alexander H Leighton
Intangible term
Espirit de Corps
Overall attitude of
Individual/Group
Resides in Minds and Emotions
Key terms and Interpretation
4. Morale According to Michael J
Jucius
What is it? (attitude of
mind)
What does it do?
(affects)
Where does it
Reside? (minds and
emotions)
What does it
affect? (interactions)
Whom does it
affect? (employee’s/group will
to work together)
5. Motivation and
Morale
S.No
.
Basis Motivation Morale
1
State of
Disposition
Individual response Group Behavior
2 Concept
Narrow concept that explains
only “Why” aspect of
behavior
Wider concept that explains
totality of Interactions
3
Mutual
belongingnes
s
A motivated person tends to
experience high morale
A person in High morale
group need not be Motivated
4
Means of
Doing
Combination of Carrot and
Stick approach
Only favorable approach
5
Organizationa
l Aspects
More direct attention
People’s behavior influences
indirectly
6
Studies and
Research
Extensively explored and
Intensively studied
Less directly studied and
researched
6. Factors Influencing Employee
Morale
Job Security
Job Satisfaction
Organizational Culture
Management style
Self-concept of
Employee
Perception of Work
and reward
7.
8. Individual and Group Morale
Individual morale is a
single person’s attitude
towards work, environment
etc.
Group morale reflects the
general attitude of a group
of people
10. Symptoms of Low morale
Tardiness
Lack of positive
feelings towards job
Lack of pride in work
High rate of
absenteeism
High rate of turnover
Bad/disturbed mood
Poor inter-personal
relationship
Poor or lack of group
cohesiveness
Increase in employee
indiscipline
Bad industrial
relations
Strikes and sabotages
Increasing accidents
Increasing wastages
and spoilages
Decline in the quality
of goods
Decrease in quantity
of goods
11. Feeling of
belongingness
Group cohesiveness
Team spirit
Commitment to
organizational goals
Feeling organizational
citizenship
Longer stay with
organization
Less need for
employee supervision
Better inter-personal
and industrial relations
More peaceful and
harmonious
atmosphere
Increased adaptability
among the group
members
Less or no strikes and
sabotages
Less or no
wastage/spoilage
High level of pride in
work
Increase in quantity
and quality of
performance
Symptoms of High morale
12. How to Boost Morale?
Motivate employee with your examples
Establish clear and good communication
with employees
Enrich employees’ jobs
Challenge employees to perform better
Involve employees as equal members of
your team
Consult your employees
Empower your employees
Acknowledge and appreciate employees
Show care to your employees
Create healthy work environment
Do some personal things
13. 2
Low Morale and
High Productivity
1
High Morale and
Low Productivity
4
Low Morale and
Low Productivity
3
High morale and low
productivity
High
Low
Low High
1. High Morale and High Productivity - Satisfied
Employee
2. Low Morale and High Productivity - Strict rules and
procedures
3. High Morale and Low Productivity - Incompetent
Leadership
Productivity
Morale
