As a part of our study of cities and growth - a town planning group assignment copyrights reserved by vibhuti pathare fourth yrbarch

1. MEDIEVAL CITIES
TOWN PLANNING
FRANCE
ITALY
SPAIN
GREECE
ATHENS
ACROPOLIS
FLORENCE
BRITAIN
VIBHUTI PATHARE
SUKANYA NAR
VARSHA SHET
SRUSHTI PUNYARTHI
ASHWINI DUESKAR
RUPALI THAKUR
PRIYANKA JADHAV

2. MEDIEVAL CITIES
DARK AGES
FEUDALISM
CRUSADES
400
500
600
800
900
1000
1100
1200 1300
1400
700
CLASSICAL
GREECE &ATHENS
DECLINE OF
ROMAN EMPIRE
RENAISSANCECONSTANTINE
TO BYZANTINE
FRANCE
FLORENCE
ITALY
HIPPODAMUS
ARISTOTLE
CONSTANTINE
EMPIRE
T
O
W
N
P
L
A
N
N
E
R
S
HELLENTHIS
PARIS
TIMELINE

3. INDIA
ITALY
SPAIN
FRANCE GREECE
Medieval cities in the European Middle Ages. took
many forms, Greatly in central-northern Italy based
on partial democracy, while in Germany they
became free cities, independent from local nobility.
TYPES OF LOCATIONS
e.g. the hill towns of southern France,
southern Germany, and of central Italy.
ORIENTATION
topography.
SHAPE
geometric shapes; yet simple, geometric plans were
adopted
CLASSIFICATION
Medieval towns can be classified according to
function e.g.:
Farm Towns - especially in Scandinavia and Britain
Fortress Towns - Toledo, Edinburgh, Tours, Warwick
Church Towns - York, Chartres
Merchant Prince Towns - Florence, Siena
Merchant Guild Towns - Hanseatic League towns

4. THE WALLED TOWN
SECURITY WAS A MAJOR
FACTOR.
CLASSICAL ATHENS HAD
PROTECTED ITSELF
AGAINST ITS ENEMIES AND
HAD BUILT THE “LONG
WALLS,”
HELLENISTIC WORLD,
TOWNS WERE WALLED,
TOWERS WERE BUILT, AND
THE MULTI-FOCAL
TOWN
A SMALL NUMBER OF
VILLAGES
THAT HAD PREVIOUSLY
CROWNED ITS HILLS.
THIS PATTERN WAS TO BE
REPLICATED
DIFFERING INSTITUTIONAL
NUCLEI—A CASTLE,
CATHEDRAL, MONASTERY,
OR MARKET—WHICH IN
TIME CAME TO
COMPLEMENT ONE
ANOTHER.
CARCASSONNE
IT CONTAINS MARKET
SQUARE,
CASTLE & CHURCH OF
ST.NAZZAIR.
IRREGULAR PATTERN FOR
STREETS IS SEEN.
PLANNED TOWN
IT HAD LAID OUT STRAIGHT
STREETS, INTERSECTING AT
RIGHT ANGLES, AND THUS
ENCLOSING RECTANGULAR
BLOCKS.
PIRAEUS
•THE PLANNED EUROPEAN
CITY WAS NOT RESTRICTED TO
THOSE THAT DERIVED FROM
THE GREEKS OR THE ROMANS.

5. ORIGINS of MEDIEVAL ClTIES
1. CATHEDRAL, CHURCH, CLOISTER,
2. MONASTERY I.E. THE BISHOP’S SEAT
3. FORTRESSES (ROYAL CASTLES, PALACES;
4. PRINCELY COURTS)
5. THE MARKET PLACE/STAGING POINTS
6. THE FREE SETTLEMENTS (I.E. INDEPENDENT)
7. THE HISTORIC TOWNS (USUALLY OLD ROMAN ONES)

6. MEDIEVAL CITIES
LOCATION OF MEDIEVAL CITIES
EUROPE
Piraeus
Olynthus
Rhodes

7. • The entire
development of
Athens has
originated from the
acropolis. It is the
focal point of
Athens.
• The Acropolis hill,
so called the
"Sacred Rock" of
Athens, is the most
important site of the
city.
ACROPOLIS

8. TIMELINE
460 BC
432 BC 408 BC
PIRAEUS
OLYNTHUS RHODES

9. INTRODUCTION
MEDIEVAL MORPHOLOGY OF TOWNS – BASTIDES AND MEDIEVAL TOWN PLANS
BASTIDES IN MEDIEVAL TIMES
GRID MORPHOLOGY IN
MEDIEVAL ROMAN TIMES

10. ARCHAIC ATHENS
(800 BC/750 BC -494 BC)
Peisistratos built the first wall
around the city. This wall was
almost circular and had eight
gates. Many monuments were
built on the Acropolis
No concrete town planning appears to
have existed; the streets of the city
were in their majority narrow and
irregular in shape, while the
inhabitants built their houses
arbitrarily

11. Hippodamos devised an ideal city to be inhabited by 50,000 people
He studied the functional problems of cities and linked them to the state administration system.
As a result he divided the citizens into three classes (soldiers, artisans and 'husbandmen'), with the land also divided into three
(sacred, public and private).
Broad, straight
streets
Right angles
Open space
for
development
of agora
Classical Athens
(494 BC -478 BC)

12. DARK AGES (1,150 BC/1,100 BC–900 BC)
Invasion of Peloponnese which came as a blow and
the Athenians took time to stand up again.
The attack resulted in the reduction of population.

13. Hellenistic Athens
(339 BC - 168 BC)
• Demand for regularity.
• Acropolis was the initial core.
• Some main streets started at
its entrance, as well as from
the road immediately
surrounding it, proceeded
radially throughout the city
and came to an end at the
city wall gates.
• In doing so, they left some
free areas, the most
important of which was
Agora.
PRIVATE SPACE
OPEN SPACE

14. Roman Athens(183 BC-BC 31)
ACROPOLIS
ATHENIAN
AGORA- NEW
BUILDINGS
BUILT HERE
NEW
NEW ROMAN
CLOSED AGORA-
HOUSES AND
BUILDINGS
HERE WERE
DEMOLISHED.

15. ATHENS IN THE
19TH CENTURY
• orientation was aimed at Piraeus
and primarily the Acropolis, at whose
feet it spread out in an open
embrace.
• extending from it to the West, the
North and the East.
• The road network was elaborated in
part as spokes with hubs at circular
plazas, and in part as horizontals
and verticals in the direction of the
main axes, always with absolute
regularity.
ACROPOLIS
PIRAEUS
SPOKES AT
CIRCULAR PLAZAS
HORIZONTAL &
VERTICAL
• The shape of the
main axes would be
an isosceles triangle,
with its peak at
today’s Omonia
Square, its sides
defined by Piraeus
and Stadiou streets,
and Ermou Street as
its base.

16. FORMATION OF
SQUARE BY
FOUR
BOULEVARDS
AND TO HOUSE
THE ROYAL
PALACE

17. THE EXPANSION OF FLORENCE
BEYOND ROMAN WALLS
FLORENCE
FLORENCE,
Tuscany – CAPITAL
• has a population of around half a million
inhabitants,
• spreads on the banks of the Arno, between the
Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian seas.
• It is a city which bustles with industry and
craft, commerce and culture, art and
science.
• it is easily accessible from most important
places both in Italy and abroad

20. GROWTH AND GEOMETRY

21. Typical layout of
medieval manor

22. TYPOLOGIES
WATERMILL
TENANTS
CASTLE
ARENA
CHURCH
CATHEDRAL

23. OPEN SPACES
•DIVERSE LAND USE MIX IN A CITY
OF SHORT DISTANCES
•HIGH QUALITY GREEN SPACES
•SPATIAL CONCEPT-PRINCIPLES OF
GRADUAL DENSITY
•FLEXIBLE MOBILITY IN
ATTRACTIVE URBAN SPACES

24. STREETS NETWORK
Rectangular in plan, it was enclosed in a wall about 1800 meters
long. The built-up area, like all the cities founded by the Romans,
was characterized by straight roads which crossed at right angles.