This document provides a summary of a presentation on the health effects of fluoridating drinking water. The summary includes:
1) Contrary to claims by some health authorities, fluoride is not an essential nutrient for humans. According to the European Food Safety Authority, fluoride has no known essential function in human growth and development.
2) Currently, only about 5% of the world's population consumes artificially fluoridated water, with the majority being in the US, Brazil, Australia, Ireland and Singapore.
3) The presentation argues that fluoride exposure increases respiratory disease by impairing lung development and function, increasing inflammation, and altering lung microbiota. Countries with the highest levels of artificial water fluoridation
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Nutritional Therapists of Ireland, Health Impacts of Water Fluoridation May 2014
1. Presentation on the Health Effects of
Fluoridation of Drinking Water
May 2014
By
Declan Waugh
Environmental Scientist and Fluoride Researcher
For more information visit: www.enviro.ie
https://www.facebook.com/declan.waugh
2.
3. Contrary to what some
Health Authorities and
Health professionals
believe Fluoride is NOT
a nutrient.
4. According to the European Food Safety
Authority (2013) “Fluoride has NO
KNOWN ESSENTIAL FUNCTION IN
HUMAN GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT and no signs of
fluoride deficiency have been
identified in humans.”
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fluoride, EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products,
Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), EFSA Journal 20
13;11 (8):3332
5. Currently, only about 5% of the world’s
population—350 million people—consume
artificially fluoridated water globally , of
which the vast majority are Americans (204
million) , followed by Brazilians (74
million).
Only in a few countries globally are more
than 50% of public water supplies
artificially fluoridated including Australia,
the Republic of Ireland, USA, New Zealand
and Singapore.
6.
7. Fluoride is a major
contributor to
Respiratory Disease
8. Asthma and Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease are amongst the
two commonest chronic conditions
in the world today.
An estimated 300 million people worldwide suffer
from asthma with 250,000 premature deaths annually
attributed to the disease. Almost all of these deaths
are avoidable.
9. In addition to respiratory functions the
lung can also concentrate, inactivate ,
activate , modify or produce a wide range
of bioactive substances. It is now
recognised that the lung is also an organ of
metabolism. Fluoride as a metabolic
inhibitor and enzymatic poison seriously
impairs lung health.
10. The adult human lung has a profuse
blood supply. As such, the lungs are
systemically exposed to many toxic
compounds that enter through the
gastrointestinal route. For infants the
highest exposure to a toxin in early
years is from fluoride ingestion
through consumption of contaminated
infant formula made with fluoridated
tap water.
11. Fluoride exposure alters the
lung in five key ways.
Firstly, fluoride impairs the development of healthy lung structure through
inhibition of key enzymes.
Secondly, Fluoride and silicafluoride complexes stimulates inflammatory
responses in lung tissue contributing to pulmonary disease
Thirdly, Fluoride impairs immunity by inhibiting antioxidant defence
mechanisms in the body.
Fourthly, Fluoride increases mucus production by altering key enzymatic
pathways. Increased mucus production increases risk of infectious disease.
Lastly, Fluoride alters lung microbial ecology selectively encouraging fluoride
resistant microbes
14. The European Commission (2010)
and the U.S. National Academies of
Medicine and Science (2006) have
reported that there is incomplete
toxicological data available on
Hexafluorosilicic Acid
15. A full dossier of toxicological information was requested by
the EU Commission from the manafacturer of this chemical
including toxicological and metabolic studies, ecotoxicological
studies, reproductive toxicity, medical data including medical
surveillance data, epidemiological studies on general
population, skin sensitivity studies and allergenicity studies,
carcinogenicity studies,
mutagenicity studies, sub chronic toxicity studies and
measures to protect humans, animals and the environment.
A full list of the assessment procedures are provided in pages
33 to 179 of the risk assessment for biocidal products
published by the EU.
No data was provided.
16. In a controlled experiment Feeney
et al. (2006) demonstrated that the
addition of hexafluorosilicic acid to
drinking water creates ultra fine
silica particles
Finney, et al., "Re-examination of Hexafluorosilicate Hydrolysis
by 19F NMR and pH Measurement," Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 2572-2577.
18. Synthetic silica
nanoparticles when
ingested with water can
pass into the
bloodstream, interact
with lung bronchial tissue
contributing to oxidative
stress, lipid peroxidation
and pulmonary toxicity
19. SO WHAT HAPPENED AFTER
IRELAND COMMENCED
FLUORIDATION
OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES.
20. Fluoridation of Drinking
Water commenced in
Dublin in 1964
and Cork City in 1967.
By mid 1970’s all cities
and major towns in
Ireland were fluoridated
And more than 50% of
Population consuming
artificially fluoridated water
21. In 1974, more than 50% of
the population in NZ and Republic
Of Ireland were provided with
Artificially fluoridated water.
In 1974, 47% of population in USA
were provided with fluoridated
Drinking water. However , unlike
the RoI, many large cities and
population centres
In the USA had been fluoridated
for decades.
In 1974, less than 50% of population
In Canada and Australia were
Provided with artificially
fluoridated water.
22.
23.
24. In every fluoridated country mortality from respiratory disease increased
while mortality rates declined in non fluoridated countries
25. FACT
The countries with the highest burdens
of pulmonary respiratory disease
globally, at levels significantly above
the global averages, are all countries
with advanced artificial fluoridation
programmes.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30. Pre and Post Fluoridation Basque
Region of Spain
Fluoridation of community water supplies commenced in
regions of Spain in 1988.
The Basque region of Spain is the most heavily fluoridated
geographic area of Spain.
A recent study by Benito et al (1995). investigating the changes in
epidemiology of acute asthma in children in the Basque region,
reported that between 1987 and 1992 hospital admission rates for
asthma in children aged 2-14 years rose from 298/100,000 to
405/100,000.
31. The most recent
Epidemiological data
on childhood asthma
Reported the exact
same prevalence of
Asthma in fluoridated
Regions of Spain and
Ireland.
32. This compares to a prevalence
of > 20% in the fluoridated cities.
The lowest prevalence of ‘asthma
ever’ recorded in the among the
participating cities in the ISAAC
study was in Curitba at 8.6%.
Curitba is non fluoridated.
As of 2008, the number of
Brazilians receiving artificially
fluoridated water was over 73
million in over 3350 communities.
Most of the major cities in Brazil
including Sao Paulo, Rio de
Janeiro, Salvador, Recife and
Manaus are fluoridated
33. Australia
26% of 6-7 year olds diagnosed with asthma
37% of 13-14 year old diagnosed with asthma.
Children born in Australia have a two fold greater risk
of developing Asthma than children living in Australia
but born elsewhere.
34. New Zealand
20% of 7 year olds diagnosed with
asthma, 30% of 13-14 yr olds
diagnosed with asthma
35.
36. For 2004 the Age-standardized
death rates per 100,000
population from diseases of the
respiratory system for EU,
Europe, UK and Ireland were 52,
57, 86 and 101 respectively.
Ireland had a 17% increased
mortality compared to UK and
approximately 100% higher
mortality compared to the
European region
37.
38.
39.
40. Salt Fluoridation also contributes to
pulmonary disease through increasing
dietary fluoride intake. The effect is
most pronounced in countries with
poor nutrition. When Mexico
commenced a national policy of
mandatory salt fluoridation there was
immediate increases in pulmonary
disease.
42. Similarly immediately post implementation of the national salt fluoridation programme in
Mexico the incidence of acute respiratory infections almost doubled from 50,000 to 90,000 and
continues to rise
Salt fluoridation commenced
43. The U.S. Centres for Disease
Control (CDC) have also
reported that asthma cost
the US about $56 billion in
2007.
46. In countries that practice artificial
fluoridation of public water bottle
fed infants are chronically
overexposed to fluoride at levels
that are detrimental to their health
and wellbeing.
47. In a European study of infants and
children from birth to 3 years of age
conducted at 22 European Centres the
lowest level of breast feeding was
recorded in the RoI.
The Euro-Growth Study: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000; 31 Suppl 1:S3-13.
48. In a European study measuring the
fluoride concentration in urine excreted
from preschool children aged 1.5-3.5
years, the highest infant exposure to
fluoride was measured among infants
living in the fluoridated City of Cork in
the RoI.
Source: Ketley C E, Cochran J, Holbrook W P, Sanches L, Van L Overenc,
Oila A-M, O’Mullane D M: Urinary fluoride excretion by preschool children
in six European countries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 32: 62–68
(2004).
50. BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER
It is important to note that the developing brain is exposed to
fluoride as the Blood Brain barrier is not developed in a new
born child and is not fully developed till after two years of age.
Hence the developing brains of infants exposed to fluoride in
infant formula will be exposed to very high levels of fluoride
which the Lancet Neurologogy Journal (2014) reported was a
developmental neurotoxin.
51. The NRC (2006) reported that fluoride concentration
in the brain are thought to be 20 per cent of plasma
concentration. Furthermore it is important to
acknowledge that the NRC (2006) scientific
committee noted that;
fluorides inhibit the activity of cholinesterases, including
acetylcholinesterase, which is important for mental health,
fluorides complexes diminish the energy essential for brain
function,
fluorides create free radicals in the brain through several
different biological pathways fluorides have the ability to
interfere with the functions of the brain and the body by
direct and indirect means.
52. Reduced levels of acetylcholine over
expression of dopamine and
homocysteine have been identified
as risk factors in Autistic Spectrum
Disorders and Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
53. Tsunoda et al. (2005) in a study examining
the neurotoxic effects of fluoride
determined that 1ppm fluoride in drinking
water increased the concentration of
dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in the
hypothalamus of the brain.
Fluoride reduces acetylcholine levels in
humans and increases homocysteine levels
by inhibition of folic acid.
54. The major increases in childhood
respiratory disease occurred in the
USA between 1980 and 1995.
During this period early infant exposure
to fluoride increased to unprecedented
levels. In 1980 approx 5% of infants
were consuming powered infant formula.
By 1995, this had increased to 70% with
approximately 60% of US population
Consuming artificially fluoridated water.
Powered infant formula requires water
and Public health authorities
recommended fluoridated tap water to
reconstitute infant formula.
This short period represented on a
population level the single greatest
change in infant exposure to a toxin in
the history of humanity.
55. Unprecedented increase in infant exposure to fluoride between 1980 and 2000 as
powered infant formula sales increased and community fluoridation reached more than 60%
of US population.
This is the period of major
change in infant exposure to
fluoride.
56. During this period of
rapid increase in
fluoride exposure the
prevalence of
childhood metabolic
disorders increased to
unprecedented levels as
well as childhood
cancers and
neurological disorders.
Research has
demonstrated that
fluoride has an
associated with each of
these childhood chronic
diseases.
57. During this period of rapid
increase in fluoride
exposure the prevalence of
certain childhood cancers
increased dramatically; in
particularly, cancers of the
central nervous system,
liver cancer, ovarian cancer
and cancers of the blood
and bone such as
leukaemia.
58. The steep rise in autism reported in
the USA is illustrated in figure 4 and
mirrors the dramatic changes in
infant exposure to fluoride which
occurred during the same time
period. Between 1975 and 1985 the
prevalence of autism doubled. From
1985 the prevalence rates increased
alarming as did the prevalence of
dental fluorosis in children.
The Centre for Disease Control (CDC)
reported that the cumulative
incidence in autism rose 600% in the
USA between 1990 with and 2001.
59. Influence of Blood Group on
Sensitivity to Fluoride intoxication
The blood groups observed with the most
sensitivity to fluoride intoxication were blood
Group O and B .
These findings are potentially significant considering the high
prevalence of blood group O among populations particularly in Republic
of Ireland (52%), UK(47%) USA (44%) and Brazil (47%) where artificial
fluoridation of water is practised.
60. Studies have reported that acid secretion
tends to be higher among individuals with
blood Group O and increased gastric
acidity increases fluoride absorption.
Furthermore individuals with blood group
O and B have higher levels of the protein
serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP) than in
A- and AB-individuals.
Alkaline phosphatase has been used as a measure of the degree of
inflammatory response in humans.
61. Fluoride inhibits Periostin
Periostin is a protein that plays an active
role in tissue repair following injury in both
the skin and heart.
Bonnett et al.(2013) reported that
periostin deficiency increases bone
damage and the propensity to fatigue
fractures.
62. Brodarac (2006) reported that periostin
deficiency was found to cause defects in
the teeth affecting the morphology and
quality of both, molars and incisors. In
addition perostin deficiency was associated
with greater wear and fractures in incisors
and molars.
A further observation in the study was the
significantly reduced fertility among offspring of
periostin deficiency animals.
63. Drózdz et al. (1980) reported
that pre and post natal
exposure to fluoride in drinking
water resulted in a decrease of
soluble and insoluble collagen
in skin and lungs of exposed
animals.
64. Wurtz et al. (2008) reported that
fluoride at non toxic doses resulted
in significant inhibition (ten fold) of
periostin.
Periostin is a protein involved in the
genesis of collagen fibers.
65. Periostin deficiency was also
observed to induce lethality in
embryonic development
increasing postnatal mortality.
A possible reason for the lethality was
the affect of under-expression of
periostin on the developing heart.
66. Snider et al.(2008) also
reported that periostin
deficiency is associated with
cardiac aortic valve
abnormalities and enhanced
neonatal lethality.
68. Neopterin is a marker associated with cell-
mediated immunity. It is excreted in an
unchanged form via the kidneys.
High neopterin production is associated
with increased production of reactive
oxygen species and with low serum
concentrations of antioxidants.
69. Murr et al. (2002) reported that increased
neopterin production is found in a range of
diseases including autoimmune disorders,
neurological and cardiovascular diseases.
Murr et al. Neopterin as a marker for immune system
activation. Curr Drug Metab. 2002 Apr;3(2):175-87
70. Varol et al. (2012)
demonstrated that plasma
neopterin levels are positively
correlated with fluoride
exposure and urine fluoride
levels in humans.
72. Bonney et al (1991) who reported that fluoride
exposure at 10 μM (0.19ppm) also stimulated a
significant release of arachidonic acid from
human cells.
Gutowska et al.(2011) in a controlled study
demonstrated using human peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that fluoride at low
concentrations ranging from 1- 10 μM (0.02 -
0.19ppm) significantly increased the synthesis
of arachidonic acid
73. A statistically significant increase in
arachidonic acid concentration was
observed for all concentrations.
At 0.02ppm fluoride arachidonic
acid increased by 21% , 0.05ppm
(47%), 0.11ppm (50%) and 0.19ppm
(65%).
75. Catecholamines are hormones made by the
adrenal glands. Catecholamines are known
to be involved in the regulation of
cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory
functions.
Numerous studies have demonstrated that fluoride induces
catecholamine release. Niloufer et al.(1996) noted that the
greatest effect of fluoridein stimulating calcholamine levels
occurred when exposure continued beyond 30 days with 110%
increase in catecholamine levels recorded after 60days
76. A large number of studies
have reported that elevated
catecholamine contributes
to hypertension,
atherosclerosis and
myocardial ischemia.
77. Catecholamines are involved in
metabolic functions through
regulation of carbohydrate and
fatty acid mobilization.
As a consequence of enhanced
catecholamines, carbohydrate
metabolism will also be affected.
even in the resting state.
78. Elevated catecholamine stimulate
glucose production in humans and
elevated catecholamine has been
documented to induced a transient
120% rise in free fatty acid (FFA)
levels, contribute to hyperglycemia.
and an inhibition of metabolic
clearance of glucose.
80. Numerous studies have demonstrated
that fluoride exposure stimulates
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I.
IGF-I is a potent mitogen and exerts its
mitogenic action by increasing DNA
synthesis and by stimulating the
expression of cyclin D1.
81. High levels of circulating IGF-I
are associated with increased
risk of several common
cancers, including those of the
prostate, breast, colorectum,
and lung.
83. Lipid peroxidation (LPO)
product accumulation in
human tissues is a major
cause of tissular and cellular
dysfunction that plays a
major role oxidative stress-
related diseases.
84. A large number of Human and animal
studies have also observed increased lipid
peroxidation and a decrease in
antioxidants from fluoride exposure.
Impairment of antioxidant status is
associated with elevated plasma levels of
lipid peroxidation
85. Fluoride has been demonstrated, both
in vivo and in vitro, to increase lipid
peroxidation in human cells. In vitro
studies have demonstrated that low
dose fluoride of human cells exposure
ranging from 0.1-0.45ppm induced a
40% increase in lipid peroxidation.
86. Lipid peroxidation is causally involved in
many diseases and disorders including
atherosclerosis and ischemic heart
disease,,
diabetes, chronic renal failure,
irritable bowel disease retinopathy of
prematurity,
Parkinson's disease,
Alzheimer's disease, depression,
obsessive
compulsion disorders,
Autism,,
Down
syndrome,
preeclampsia,,
carcinogenesis,
rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
88. Leptin plays important roles in the
regulation of food intake and body
weight through its receptor in the
hypothalamus. Under-expression of
leptin has been identified as a
contributory factor in obesity.
89. Fluoride promotes growth hormores
associated with cancer cell growth
Under-expression of leptin results in overexpression
of ghrelin in plasma. Ghrelin is an amino acid peptide
hormone that stimulates growth hormone release
and has been documented to promote cancer cell
growth in endocrine cancers including breast cancer ,
prostate cancer, testicular tumours and pancreatic
adenocarcinoma cancer.
90. Fluoride alters Calcium and
Magnesium homeostasis
Altered calcium and magnesium homeostatis had
wide ranging implications for public health including
increased risk of osteoporosis, thyroid disorders,
obesity, hypertension and colon cancer.
91. Colon Cancer and Hypertension ion are major
public health problems in the Republic of
Ireland
According to the National Cancer Registry Ireland the
incidence of colon cancer in the RoI is higher than the
European average for both males and females.
In 2010, according to the Institute of Public Health (IPH),
more than 950,000 (62.2%) adults aged 45+ years in RoI have
hypertension
92. By 2020 the IPH reported that the number of
adults aged 45+ years with hypertension is
expected to rise by 28% to more than 1,220,000.
The differences in prevalence rates in the Island of
Ireland are remarkable, with more than 75% of
adults aged 65 years or over in the RoI clinically
diagnosed with hypertension compared to 48%
in non-fluoridated Northern Ireland.
93. Similar regional differences have been reported
for prevalence rates of osteoporosis, with
prevalence rates in the RoI twice that reported
for the UK.
In addition, the estimated prevalence of
overweight in adults in the RoI is 37%, with 24%
documented as obese.
94. A recent study reported that
68% of Americans in 2005
were deficient in
magnesium.
95. Magnesium deficiency contributes to
depression and anxiety, cardiovascular
disease, increased risk of myocardial
infarction,sudden death, higher rates
of spontaneous abortions, and
premature births, hypertension,
chronic fatiguesyndrome, increased
susceptibility to infections and
migraine and osteoporosis.
96. Magnesium deficiency inhibits the
insulin release in response to a
glucose challengeand is associated
with insulin resistance.
Magnesium deficiency has been
found to be a key factor with
metabolic syndrome.
97. Fluoride increases sequestion of
magnesium into the skeleton
thereby making magnesium less
biologically available.
Once bound to bone fluoride
magnesium complexes retard the
mobilization of skeletal magnesium.
98. Numerous studies have
demonstrated that ingested
fluoride forms insoluble
complexes with magnesium
in the intestinal tract
increasing faecal excretion
100. A vast number of studies have
demonstrated that fluoride is a
competitive inhibitor of magnesium
in biological processes.
This competitive inhibition further
reduces Mg availability.
101. Finally the transcellular absorption of
magnesium ions in the paracellular
pathway is regulated by epidermal
growth factor (EGF).
Research has demonstrated that
exposure to fluoride inhibits EGF
expression.
102.
103.
104. Fluoride is a pro-inflammatory
agent which increases the
inflammatory response in
humans.
Chronic and low grade inflammation forms the basis
of many human diseases ranging from type 2 diabetes
and depression to heart disease, endocrine disorders,
metabolic diseases, respiratory and musculoskeletal
disease, many forms of cancer, and neurological
diseases such as dementia.
105. Fluoride, Inflammation and
Metabolic Disorders
Increasing proinflammatory status is a
recognised causal factor in developing
hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.
Maternal hyperglycemia has a causal
relationship with increasing fetal growth and
pregnancy complications including caesarean
section, in addition to contributing to increased
childhood obesity.
106. Fluoride inhibits normal carbohydrate
metabolism through inhibition of key
enzymes, this results in elevated glucose
and insulin resistance and an accumulation
of fatty acids, all of which contribute to
obesity and diabetes.
107. Fluoride impairs glucose
tolerance and causes
decreased insulin expression
and increased insulin
resistance.
Glucose intolerance is a gateway to developing type 2
diabetes. Incidence rates for diabetes in the RoI are
significantly above those for Northern Ireland or the
European region.
108. Increased insulin resistance and
impaired glucose tolerance are
established risk factors in depressive
disorders.
The RoI has one of the highest
incidence rates for depressive
disorders in the world.
109. Fluoride as a metabolic
inhibitor increases risk of
Obesity
The highest rates of adult obesity among OECD countries are
reported in countries with artificial fluoridation, including the
U.S.A, New Zealand, Australia and the RoI. Among European
countries the RoI has one of the highest prevalences of
overweight and obese children. The prevalence of overweight
in adults is 37%, with a further 24% meeting current body
mass index (BMI) criteria for obesity.
110. Fluoride inhibits enolase.
In addition to its innate glycolytic function enolase
plays an important role in several biological and
pathophysiological processes including autoimmune
disorders, cardiovascular health, inflammatory
respiratory disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease,
rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease
and general disease prevention.
111. Fluoride alters normal
endocrine function.
Altered endocrine function is associated with
increased cholesterol concentrations, increased
incidence of depression, diminished response to
standard psychiatric treatment, cognitive dysfunction,
and, in pregnant women, decreased IQ of their
offspring.
112. For individuals with iodine deficiency a total
dietary intake of 0.7 – 3.6mg per day is known
to adversely affect thyroid function, up to 50%
of European population are deficient in iodine.
The European Food Safety Authority has
established that total daily dietary fluoride
intakes, excluding medicine and toothpaste, for
individuals living in countries with artificial
fluoridation may exceed 6.5mg per day.
113. Consequently it can be stated with
absolute certainty, that artificial
fluoridation of public water is
contributing to disruption of
healthy endocrine function and
diseases associated with altered
endocrine function
114. Fluoride stimulates free
radicals & causes
oxidative stress
Free radical and oxidative stress are causal factors in
cancer. According to the World Health organisation
(2013) the Republic of Ireland has the highest
incidence of cancer in Western Europe, almost TWICE
that of the mean incidence of entire European
Region.
115. According to the National Cancer Registry
of Ireland, the risk of developing cancers
including leukaemia, bladder, prostate,
oesophagus, cervix pancreas and
brain/central nervous system cancers was
significantlyhigher in RoI than
in NI.
NI is non-fluoridated.
116. Free radicals have an established causal role in
pathogenesis of atherosclerosis leading to
vascular diseases.
Oxidative stress plays a causal role in
neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s
disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and
Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
117. Fluoride Stimulates Calcitonin
Fluoride increases the production of calcitonin
at dietary intake levels less than those reported
for individuals living in fluoridated communities.
Increased calcitonin levels are associated with
coronary artery disease, inflammatory lung
disease, major depressive disorders, and
migraine and play a pivotal role in the
pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
118. Elevated calcitonin is also associated with a wide
range of cancers including leukaemia, thyroid,
lung, ovarian, pancreatic and breast cancer. The
prevalence of depressive disorders, heart disease
and cancer in the RoI are significantly above the
European region and amongst the highest
reported internationally.
The European Medicines Agency’s Committee for
Medicinal Products for Human Use (2012)
determined that calcitonin increases cancer risk
and have advised that calcitonin medications no
longer be prescribed by medical physicians.
119. Fluoride stimulates Haptoglobin.
Fluoride increases the production of haptoglobin, a
plasma glycoprotein. Increased haptoglobin is
associated with a variety of human diseases including
breast, cervical, ovarian and prostate cancer in
addition to acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, and
acute lymphoid leukemia.
Elevated hapotglobin is also a recognised risk factor in
epilepsy, schizophrenia, coronary artery disease,
alcholol and drug abuse, sleep apnea, hypertension
and diabetes mellitus.
120. Infant exposure to fluoridated infant formula
has been documented to significantly increase
the risk of developing leukaemia.
As previously noted, elevated levels of calcitonin have been
identified as a risk factor in leukaemia. Fluoride is known to
increase calcitonin levels in humans.
Fluoride also inhibits the enzyme arginase. The arginase enzyme
metabolizes L-arginine, and L-arginine deficiency has been
reported to cause immunosuppression and increase the
proliferation of lymphoma cells.
Fluoride inhibits folate metabolism and folate deficiencies have
been established as a risk factor in leukaemia and other cancers.
121. The highest incidence rates for male leukaemia
globally are to be found in fluoridated countries
including New Zealand, USA, Australia, Canada and
the Republic of Ireland.
Childhood leukaemia incidence rates have been
increasing alarming in each of these countries since
the mid to late 1980s. This rapid increase has
occurred in parallel with changing infant feeding
practices which saw a dramatic decrease in cows milk
being consumed among infants 6-12 months of age
and older being replaced by increased use of infant
formula consitituted with fluoridated tap water.
122. Fluoride contributes to childhood
neurological disorders.
The alarming increase in childhood
neurological disorders documented in
fluoridated countries, which are significantly
above the global average, coincide with the
period of increased fluoride exposure in infants
due to changes in infant feeding patterns.
The populations with the highest burdens of
Autism and ADHD internationally are to be
found in artfificially fluoridated countries.
123. Fluoride is a significant contributor
to depression and anxiety disorders
There are at least 12 mechanisms by which fluoride contributes to mental disease that I have
document in my forthcoming report with appropriate scientific references.
1. Fluoride increases calcitonin levels.
2. Fluoride causes impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.
3. Fluoride inhibits Magnesium absorption and bioavailability.
4. Fluoride inhibits calcium absorption and bioavailability altering Reelin signalling.
5. Fluoride stimulates dopamine release.
6. Fluoride inhibits Tryptophan, the amino acid precursor of serotonin and alters
serotonin signalling.
7. Fluoride stimulates lipid peroxidation.
8. Fluoride exposure causes oxidative stress.
9. Fluoride activates g proteins.
10. Fluoride impairs melatonin production.
11. Fluoride contributes to folate deficiency.
12. Fluoride impares Homocysteine metabolism.
124. Fluoride causes oxidative
stress in brain tissue.
It is an established medical fact that oxidative
damage in the brain causes nervous system
impairment contributing to schizophrenia,
depression, anxiety disorders and high anxiety
levels.
125. Ireland has the highest prevalence
of depressive disorders in Europe.
In addition, anxiety disorders are also the most
common class of psychiatric disorders in the US,
the country with the longest period of artificial
fluoridation, affecting approximately 28.8% of the
US population.
In stark contrast the European Study of the
Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (2004) reported
a prevalence rate for anxiety disorders among six
European countries of 6.8%.
126. Fluoride stimulates
activation of G
proteins.
G proteins have been implicated in the
pathophysiology several diseases including,
inflammation, neurological diseases,
cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and endocrine
disorders
127. Fluoride is documented to cause coronary
vasospasms by stimulating G-proteins to release
EDRF (endothelium-derived relaxing factor).
Vasospasms are known to be a major risk factor
in ischemia and strokes.
The Republic of Ireland has the second highest
mortality rate from ischaemic heart disease in the
Western Europe and premature deaths for
individuals below 65 yrs of age from ischaemic
heart disease are above the EU15 and EU27.
128. Fluoride is a cholinesterase
inhibitor.
There is a recognised causal
relationship between cholinesterase
inhibitors and pulmonary disorders
including pneumonia, persistent
cough, bronchitis, and asthma.
129. Not surprisingly, within Europe the RoI also has
the highest prevalence of adult and childhood
asthma.
Death rates from diseases of the respiratory
system in Ireland are almost double the EU
average and the RoI also has the highest
hospitalization of 0-14 yrs.’ olds for asthma
among European counties.
130. Fluoride inhibits Lipase.
Among individuals with conditions that can contribute
to a lipase deficiency, there is the potential for
problems to develop, such as prostate disorders, high
cholesterol, an increased risk for diabetes, and
difficulty losing weight, decreased lipase activity is a
primary risk factor in obesity.
Inhibition of lipase also results in an accumulation of
higher fatty acids which contribute to cardiovascular
disease
131. Individuals with cystic fibrosis, Crohn’s disease, and
celiac disease are a particular high risk group for
deficiencies in lipase.
Their risk is confounded by exposure to artificially
fluoridated water.
The RoI one of the highest incidences rates for cystic
fibrosis, Crohn’s and celiacs disease in the world.
132. Fluoride inhibits cellular
production of lactate.
Lactate plays a crucial role in protecting the central
nervous systems including neurobiology.
The RoI has one of the highest incidence rates for
neurological disorders in the world.
133. Fluoride inhibits Arginase.
It has been established that arginase inhibitors
increase the risk of inflammatory diseases and
cancers in humans.
The RoI has one of the highest incidences rates for
inflammatory diseases and cancer in the world.
134. Fluoride inhibits Folate
Fluoride inhibits folate contributing to increased
homocysteine levels.
Folate is important for the functioning of the central
nervous system at all ages of development.
Folate deficiency induces neurotoxicity due to
accumulation of homocysteine.
135. Homocysteine is implicated in many
pathological conditions including
cardiovascular diseases, neural tube defects,
and is now recognised as a risk factor in
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia.
There is also growing evidence that
homocysteine plays a role in alcoholism,
depression and anorexia nervosa.
Homocysteine metabolism has been
documented as a risk factor of Down’s
syndrome (DS).
136. Research has demonstrated a positive relationship
between homocysteine levels and increased hostile
behaviour in schizophrenia.
Homocysteine may also be an important factor in
Parkinson‘s disease. Furthermore, it has been found
that a high plasma concentration of homocysteine
may contribute to epilepsy.
The RoI has one of the highest incidence rates for
neural tube defects, Down’s syndrome, cardiovascular
disease, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy and
alcoholism in the world.
137. Fluoride damages Collagen
Fluoride has been found to adversely affect collagen and
contribute to inflammatory skin diseases.
The RoI has one of the highest prevalences of skin diseases
significantly above European prevalence rates.
Skin conditions are the fourth most common reason for GP
visits in Ireland. Today, between 25% and 33% of the Irish
population suffer from a dermatological condition at any one
time. Elevated prevalences of skin diseases significantly
above the global average are also prominent in other
countries with artificial fluoridation
138. Fluoride exposure increases
risk of Epilepsy
Fluoride exposure increases the risk of epilepsy
through reducing melatonin and increased
homocysteine levels. Epilepsy is the second most
commonly seen neurological condition in primary care
worldwide; the adult prevalence rates of epilepsy in
the RoI are almost twice the European prevalence
rates and are also significantly higher than the
prevalence rates reported for Northern Ireland,
Scotland, England and Wales.
139. Fluoride contributes to
Inflammatory Bowel
Disease
Fluoride as an inflammatory agent contributes to
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The incidence
rates for IBD in the RoI are twice that of non-
fluoridated Northern Ireland and the highest
incidences of this disease internationally are to be
found in countries with artificial fluoridation
programmes.
141. In a UK study (2010) examining the fluoride
intake of 1373 adults living in fluoridated and
non-fluoridated regions of the UK it was
established that 65%of adults in fluoridated
regions exceeded the recommended UK
National Diet and Nutrition Survey Maximum
Safe Intake Level.
For non fluoridated regions 21.8% of adults
exceeded the NDNS level.
142. Fluoride consumption for 73% of the
subjects tested in three fluoridated
neighbourhoods of County Donegal
was at or above the recommended UK
National Diet and Nutrition Survey
Maximum Safe Intake Level.
Source: Mansfield, Fluoride Consumption: The effect of Water Fluoridation,
Research Report, Fluoride 43 (4) 223-231, Oct-December 2010
143. Chronic overexposure to fluoride also
exists in the adult population in both
fluoridated and non-fluoridated
countries from consumption of tea
and use of fluoridated medications.
The exposure increases when tea is
constituted with fluoridated water.
144.
145. A recent 2013 study determined that the mean
concentration of fluoride measured in UK teas
was 4.95mg/L
According to the Irish Food Safety Authority
the Fluoride concentration of tea is 0.49mg/L
That’s a 1000% difference.
146. Mean Fluoride Concentration in mg/L in Tea Infusions
Black blends 2 min 30 min
PG Tips bags 4.98 6.45
PG Tips decaffeinated bags 4.97 5.35
PG Tips leaf 3.88 5.26
Twinings Everyday bags 3.04 4.05
Typhoo bags 2.82 3.63
Yorkshire bags 2.53 3.23
Green blends
Clipper Organic leaf 4.32 6.41
Famous Green 1.62 2.22
Green Twinings bags 4.43 5.96
PG Tips Green bags 3.63 6.67
Tetley Green bags 2.73 3.67
Xiamen Green 3.9 5.57
Economy blends
Asda Smartprice bags 7.14 7.72
Asda Smartprice bags 5.63 7.17
Asda Smartprice bags 6.73 6.93
Euroshopper bags 6.85 7.99
Morrisons Value bags 1 6.73 8.8
Morrisons Value bags 6.73 8.6
Morrisons Value bags 2 5.87 6.87
Sainsbury Basics bags 3 6.13 7.4
Sainsbury Basics bags 4 4.37 6.6
Sainsbury Basics bags 5.2 6.2
Tesco Value bags 1 7.96 8.85
Tesco Value bags 2 5.57 6.23
Tesco Value bags 3 5.4 6.3
Tesco Value bags 4 6.26 7.25
Waitrose Essential bags 3.6 3.9
Mean 4.9mg/L 6.1mg/L
147. Fluoridation and Cancer
In 2001, researchers at the University of Tokyo, published
findings in the Journal of Epidemiology which reported a
significant association between water fluoridation and
cancer. Research undertook detailed statistical analysis of
cancer incidence rates and water fluoridation in the USA,
comparing fluoridated and non fluoridated states. Of the 36
cancer sites in males and females examined 23 (69%) were
significantly associated with water fluoridation. The reason
given by the authors for the higher cancer incidence rates in
fluoridated communities was the extended presence of
fluoride in plasma and urine and the infusion of fluoride into
the brain and other organs.
Ref: Takahashi K, Akiniwa K, Narita K. Regression analysis of cancer incidence rates and water fluoride in the
U.S.A. based on IACR/IARC (WHO) data (1978-1992). International Agency for Research on Cancer. J
Epidemiol. 2001 Jul;11(4):170-9
150. FLUORIDE and Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
According to the International Agency for Research on
Cancer the Republic of Ireland has the highest
prevalence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in all 27 EU
Member States.
The aged standardised incidence of non-hodgins
lymphoma in the RoI is more than DOUBLE the global
incidence rate for both males and females.
Similar incidence rates are reported for New Zealand,
Australia, the USA, Canada, the Basque region of Spain
and Singapore (All fluoridated).
151.
152. THE HIGHEST INCIDENCE OF PROSTATE
CANCER IN THE WORLD ARE TO BE FOUND IN
FLUORIDATED COUNTRIES.
In non fluoridated countries the highest
incidence is to be found in regions with
The highest level of naturally occuring fluoride
in drinking water
153. Impaired melatonin, elevated haptoglobin, calcitonin,
insulin like growth factor and prostatic acid
phosphatase are all established risk factors in
prostate cancer.
Each of these mechanism are altered by fluoride.
Fluoride impairs melatonin production and stimulates
haptoglobin, calcitonin, insulin like growth factor and
prostatic acid phosphatase production.
154. Ferlay et al. (2007) reported that the
incidence of prostate cancer in the RoI
was the highest of all 30 European
countries, with incidence rates 75%
above the European Union.
155. Furthermore, Ferlay et al. (2010) reported
that there was a 4-5 fold difference in
incidence rates of prostate cancer in the
RoI, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and
the USA compared to the global incidence
rate.
All of these countries have artificial
fluoridation of public water supplies
156. Prostate Cancer and Fluoride exposure Comparison of Island of Ireland and Finland
